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  1. Social memory theory and conceptions of afterlife in Jewish and Christian antiquity
    Contributor: Hatina, Thomas R (Herausgeber); Lukeš, Jiří (Herausgeber)
    Published: [2023]; © 2023
    Publisher:  Brill Schöningh, Paderborn

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    Erzbischöfliche Diözesan- und Dombibliothek
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    Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, Zentralbibliothek
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Hatina, Thomas R (Herausgeber); Lukeš, Jiří (Herausgeber)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    ISBN: 9783506796219; 3506796216
    Other identifier:
    9783506796219
    DDC Categories: 230
    Series: Studies in cultural contexts of the Bible ; volume 8
    Subjects: Frühjudentum; Frühchristentum; Literatur; Jenseitsglaube; Kollektives Gedächtnis
    Other subjects: resurrection; hell; heaven; punishment; death; reception history; cultural memory; hermeneutics; Paul; Gospels
    Scope: XIV, 391 Seiten, Diagramme
  2. Social Memory Theory and Conceptions of Afterlife in Jewish and Christian Antiquity
    Contributor: Hatina, Thomas R. (Mitwirkender); Lukeš, Jiří (Mitwirkender); Handschuh, Christian (Mitwirkender); Tappenden, Frederick S. (Mitwirkender); Janak, Jiri (Mitwirkender); Cielontko, David (Mitwirkender); Sommer, Michael (Mitwirkender); Crook, Zeba (Mitwirkender); Nicklas, Tobias (Mitwirkender); Donne, Anthony Le (Mitwirkender); Anderson, Brad (Mitwirkender); Talane, Stu (Mitwirkender); Huebenthal, Sandra (Mitwirkender); Parsons, Kyle (Mitwirkender); Broyles, Craig C. (Mitwirkender); Hatina, Thomas R. (Herausgeber); Lukeš, Jiří (Herausgeber)
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  Brill | Schöningh, Paderborn ; UTB GmbH, Stuttgart

    Why are conceptions of afterlife so diverse in both Jewish and Christian antiquity? This collection of essays offers explanations for this diversity through the lens of social memory theory. The contributors attempt to understand how and why received... more

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    Why are conceptions of afterlife so diverse in both Jewish and Christian antiquity? This collection of essays offers explanations for this diversity through the lens of social memory theory. The contributors attempt to understand how and why received traditions about the afterlife needed to be altered, invented and even forgotten if they were to have relevance in the present. Select ancient texts conveying the hopes and fears of the afterlife are viewed as products of transmission processes that appropriated the past in conformity with identity constructs of each community. The range of literature in this collection spans from the earliest receptions of Israelite traditions within early Judaism to the Patristic/Rabbinic period.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Hatina, Thomas R. (Mitwirkender); Lukeš, Jiří (Mitwirkender); Handschuh, Christian (Mitwirkender); Tappenden, Frederick S. (Mitwirkender); Janak, Jiri (Mitwirkender); Cielontko, David (Mitwirkender); Sommer, Michael (Mitwirkender); Crook, Zeba (Mitwirkender); Nicklas, Tobias (Mitwirkender); Donne, Anthony Le (Mitwirkender); Anderson, Brad (Mitwirkender); Talane, Stu (Mitwirkender); Huebenthal, Sandra (Mitwirkender); Parsons, Kyle (Mitwirkender); Broyles, Craig C. (Mitwirkender); Hatina, Thomas R. (Herausgeber); Lukeš, Jiří (Herausgeber)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783657796212
    DDC Categories: 290; 230
    Edition: 1st ed.
    Series: Studies in Cultural Contexts of the Bible ; 8
    Subjects: Frühjudentum; Frühchristentum; Literatur; Jenseitsglaube; Kollektives Gedächtnis; resurrection; hell; heaven; punishment; death; reception history; cultural memory; hermeneutics; Paul; Gospels
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (405 p.)
  3. Feminist Accountability
    Disrupting Violence and Transforming Power
    Author: Russo, Ann
    Published: [2018]; © 2018
    Publisher:  New York University Press, New York, NY

    Explores accountability as a framework for building movements to transform systemic oppression and violence What does it take to build communities to stand up to injustice and create social change? How do we work together to transform, without... more

     

    Explores accountability as a framework for building movements to transform systemic oppression and violence What does it take to build communities to stand up to injustice and create social change? How do we work together to transform, without reproducing, systems of violence and oppression?In an age when feminism has become increasingly mainstream, noted feminist scholar and activist Ann Russo asks feminists to consider the ways that our own behavior might contribute to the interlocking systems of oppression that we aim to dismantle. Feminist Accountability offers an intersectional analysis of three main areas of feminism in practice: anti-racist work, community accountability and transformative justice, and US-based work in and about violence in the global south. Russo explores accountability as a set of frameworks and practices for community- and movement-building against oppression and violence. Rather than evading the ways that we are implicated, complicit, or actively engaged in harm, Russo shows us how we might cultivate accountability so that we can contribute to the feminist work of transforming oppression and violence. Among many others, Russo brings up the example of the most prominent and funded feminist and LGBT antiviolence organizations, which have become mainstream in social service, advocacy, and policy reform projects. This means they often approach violence through a social service and criminal legal lens that understands violence as an individual and interpersonal issue, rather than a social and political one. As a result, they ally with, rather than significantly challenge, the state institutions, policies, and systems that underlie and contribute to endemic violence. Grounded in theories, analyses, and politics developed by feminists of color and transnational feminists of the global south, with her own thirty plus years of participation in community building, organizing, and activism, Russo provides insider expertise and critical reflection on leveraging frameworks of accountability to upend inequitable divides and the culture that supports them

     
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  4. Social memory theory and conceptions of afterlife in Jewish and Christian antiquity
    Contributor: Hatina, Thomas R. (Publisher); Lukeš, Jiří (Publisher)
    Published: [2023]; © 2023
    Publisher:  Brill Schöningh, Paderborn

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    Bayerische Staatsbibliothek
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    Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Hatina, Thomas R. (Publisher); Lukeš, Jiří (Publisher)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    ISBN: 9783506796219; 3506796216
    Other identifier:
    9783506796219
    RVK Categories: BO 2055 ; BO 2180
    Series: Studies in cultural contexts of the Bible ; volume 8
    Subjects: Kollektives Gedächtnis; Frühchristentum; Frühjudentum; Jenseitsglaube; Literatur
    Other subjects: resurrection; hell; heaven; punishment; death; reception history; cultural memory; hermeneutics; Paul; Gospels
    Scope: XIV, 391 Seiten, Diagramme, 25 cm, 860 g
  5. Six Acres and a Third
    The Classic Nineteenth-Century Novel about Colonial India
    Author: Senapati, Fakir Mohan
    Published: [2005]; ©2005
    Publisher:  University of California Press, Berkeley, CA

    This sly and humorous novel by Fakir Mohan Senapati—one of the pioneering spirits of modern Indian literature and an early activist in the fight against the destruction of native Indian languages—is both a literary work and a historical document. A... more

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    This sly and humorous novel by Fakir Mohan Senapati—one of the pioneering spirits of modern Indian literature and an early activist in the fight against the destruction of native Indian languages—is both a literary work and a historical document. A text that makes use—and deliberate misuse—of both British and Indian literary conventions, Six Acres and a Third provides a unique "view from below" of Indian village life under colonial rule. Set in Orissa in the 1830s, the novel focuses on a small plot of land, tracing the lives and fortunes of people who are affected by the way this property is sold and resold, as new legal arrangements emerge and new types of people come to populate and transform the social landscape. This graceful translation faithfully conveys the rare and compelling account of how the more unsavory aspects of colonialism affected life in rural India

     
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  6. Working time, dinner time, serving time
    labour and law in industrialization
    Author: Hay, Douglas
    Published: [2018]
    Publisher:  University of Oxford, [Oxford, United Kingdom]

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Discussion papers in economic and social history ; number 164 (May 2018)
    Subjects: coercion; contract of employment; labour law; industriousness; punishment; worktime
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten)
  7. The motive matters
    experimental evidence on the expressive function of punishment
    Author: Nosenzo, Daniele; Xiao, Erte; Xue, Nina
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  [Monash University, Monash Business School, Department of Economics], [Clayton]

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    Language: English
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    Format: Online
    Series: Discussion paper / Monash University, Department of Economics ; no. 2024, 09
    Subjects: punishment; norms; stigma; crowd out; expressive function of punishment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Risky punishment and reward in the prisoner's dilemma
    Author: Dürsch, Peter; Servátka, Maroš
    Published: September 2007
    Publisher:  University of Heidelberg, Department of Economics, Heidelberg

    We conduct a prisoner’s dilemma experiment with a punishment/reward stage, where punishments and rewards are risky. This is compared with a risk free treatment. We find that subjects do not change their behavior in the face of risky outcomes.... more

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    We conduct a prisoner’s dilemma experiment with a punishment/reward stage, where punishments and rewards are risky. This is compared with a risk free treatment. We find that subjects do not change their behavior in the face of risky outcomes. Additionally, we measure risk attitude and the emotions of subjects. While we find a strong influence of emotions, individual risk aversion has no effect on the decision to punish or reward. This is good news for lab experiments who abstract from risky outcomes. From the perspective of social preferences, our results provide evidence for risk neutral inclusion of other player’s payoffs in the decisionmaker’s utility function.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/127275
    Series: Discussion paper series / Universität Heidelberg, Department of Economics ; no. 451
    Subjects: Gefangenendilemma; Entscheidung unter Risiko; Experiment; Emotion; Prisoner’s dilemma; risk; punishment; reward; emotions; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Normative perception of power abuse
    Author: Hoeft, Leonard; Mill, Wladislaw; Vostroknutov, Alexander
    Published: March 2019
    Publisher:  Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn

    We study how the powerful perceive power abuse, and how negative experience related to it influences the appropriateness judgments of the powerless. We create an environment conducive to unfair exploitation in a repeated Public Goods game where one... more

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    We study how the powerful perceive power abuse, and how negative experience related to it influences the appropriateness judgments of the powerless. We create an environment conducive to unfair exploitation in a repeated Public Goods game where one player (punisher) is given a further ability to costlessly subtract money from others (victims). Punishers who abuse their power rationalize their behavior by believing that free-riding, while forcing others to contribute, is not inappropriate. More importantly, victims of such abuse also start to believe that punishers' free-riding and punishment are justifiable. Our findings demonstrate the capacity of humans to exculpate abusive behavior.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/204704
    Series: Discussion papers of the Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods ; 2019, 6
    Subjects: power abuse; norms; public goods; punishment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. The demand for punishment to promote cooperation among like-minded people
    Author: Bühren, Christoph; Dannenberg, Astrid
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Verein für Socialpolitik, [Köln]

    We use an experiment to test the hypothesis that groups consisting of like-minded cooperators are able to cooperate irrespective of punishment and therefore have a lower demand for a costly punishment institution than groups of like-minded free... more

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    We use an experiment to test the hypothesis that groups consisting of like-minded cooperators are able to cooperate irrespective of punishment and therefore have a lower demand for a costly punishment institution than groups of like-minded free riders, who are unable to cooperate without punishment. We also predict that the difference in the demand for punishment is particularly large when members know about the composition of their group. The experimental results confirm these hypotheses. However, the information about the composition of the group turns out to be even more important than we expected. It helps cooperative groups to avoid wasting resources for an unneeded punishment institution. In uncooperative groups, it helps members to recognize the need for punishment early on and not to follow an uncooperative path that produces a persistently competitive attitude. These findings highlight the role of group composition and information for institution formation and that lessons learned by one group cannot be readily transferred to other groups.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/242427
    Series: Jahrestagung 2021 / Verein für Socialpolitik ; 101
    Subjects: Institution formation; public goods game; cooperation; punishment; controlled groupformation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Norm-signalling punishment
    Author: Nosenzo, Daniele; Xiao, Erte; Xue, Nina
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Aarhus BSS, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, [Aarhus]

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Economics working papers ; 2022, 07
    Subjects: punishment; norms; stigma; crowd out; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Cooperation in a fragmented society
    experimental evidence on syrian refugees and natives in Lebanon
    Author: Drouvelis, Michalis; Malaeb, Bilal; Vlassopoulos, Michael; Wahba, Jackline
    Published: December 2019
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Lebanon is the country with the highest density of refugees in the world, raising the question of whether the host and refugee populations can cooperate harmoniously. We conduct a lab-in-the-field experiment in Lebanon studying intra- and inter-group... more

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    Lebanon is the country with the highest density of refugees in the world, raising the question of whether the host and refugee populations can cooperate harmoniously. We conduct a lab-in-the-field experiment in Lebanon studying intra- and inter-group behavior of Syrian refugees and Lebanese nationals in a repeated public good game without and with punishment. We find that homogeneous groups, on average, contribute and punish significantly more than mixed groups. These patterns are driven by the Lebanese participants. Our findings suggest that it is equally important to provide adequate help to the host communities to alleviate any economic and social pressures.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/215254
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12858
    Subjects: refugees; public good game; cooperation; punishment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Stay or flee?
    probability versus severity of punishment in hit-and-run accidents
    Author: Castriota, Stefano; Tonin, Mirco
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    The empirical literature testing the economic theory of crime has extensively studied the relative importance of the probability and the severity of punishment with reference to planned criminal activities. There are, however, also unplanned crimes... more

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    The empirical literature testing the economic theory of crime has extensively studied the relative importance of the probability and the severity of punishment with reference to planned criminal activities. There are, however, also unplanned crimes and in this paper we focus on a very serious and widespread one, hit-and-run road accidents. In fact, it is not only unplanned, but also largely committed by citizens without criminal records and the decision whether to stay or run must be taken within a few seconds. Using Italian data for the period 1996-2016, we rely on daylight as an exogenous source of variation affecting the probability of apprehension and find that the likelihood of hit-and-run conditional on an accident taking place increases by around 20% with darkness. Relying on two legislative reforms which increased the penalties in case of hit-and-run, we find no significant effect on drivers’ behavior. Our results show that criminal activities in unplanned circumstances and under intense time pressure and emotional distress are deterred more by the certainty rather than the severity of legal sanctions.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/207298
    Series: Array ; no. 7907 (October 2019)
    Subjects: crime; hit-and-run; road; accidents; punishment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Efficient institutions and effective deterrence
    on timing and uncertainty of formal sanctions
    Author: Buckenmaier, Johannes; Dimant, Eugen; Posten, Ann-Christin; Schmidt, Ulrich
    Published: February 2020
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Economic theory suggests that the deterrence of deviant behavior is driven by a combination of severity and certainty of punishment. This paper presents the first controlled experiment to study a third important factor that has been mainly... more

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    Economic theory suggests that the deterrence of deviant behavior is driven by a combination of severity and certainty of punishment. This paper presents the first controlled experiment to study a third important factor that has been mainly overlooked: the swiftness of formal sanctions. We consider two dimensions: the timing at which the uncertainty about whether one will be punished is dissolved and the timing at which the punishment is actually imposed, as well as the combination thereof. By varying these dimensions of delay systematically, we find a surprising non-monotonic relation with deterrence: either no delay (immediate resolution and immediate punishment) or maximum delay (both resolution and punishment as much as possible delayed) turn out equally effective at deterring deviant behavior and recidivism in our context. Our results yield implications for the design of institutional policies aimed at mitigating misconduct and reducing recidivism.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/216509
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 8113 (2020)
    Subjects: deterrence; institutions; punishment; swiftness; uncertainty
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. "It's not about the money. It's about sending a message!"
    unpacking the components of revenge
    Author: Molńar, András; Chaudhry, Shereen J.; Loewenstein, George
    Published: February 2020
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We examine whether belief-based preferences - caring about what transgressors believe - play a crucial role in punishment decisions: Do punishers want to make sure that transgressors understand why they are being punished, and is this desire to... more

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    We examine whether belief-based preferences - caring about what transgressors believe - play a crucial role in punishment decisions: Do punishers want to make sure that transgressors understand why they are being punished, and is this desire to affect beliefs often prioritized over distributive and retributive preferences? We test whether punishers derive utility from three distinct sources: material outcomes (their own and the transgressor's payoff), affective states (the transgressor’s suffering), and cognitive states (the transgressor's beliefs about the cause of that suffering). In a novel, preregistered experiment (N = 1,959) we demonstrate that consideration for transgressors' beliefs affects punishment decisions on its own, regardless of the considerations for material outcomes (distributional preferences) and affective states (retributive preferences). By contrast, we find very little evidence for pure retributive preferences (i.e., to merely inflict suffering on transgressors). We also show that people who would otherwise enact harsh punishments, are willing to punish less severely, if by doing so they can tell the transgressor why they are punishing them. Finally, we demonstrate that the preference for affecting transgressors' beliefs cannot be explained by deterrence motives (i.e., to make transgressors behave better in the future).

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/215104
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 8102 (2020)
    Subjects: beliefs; belief-based utility; justice; fairness; morality; punishment; revenge
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Stay or flee?
    probability versus severity of punishment in hit-and-run accidents
    Author: Castriota, Stefano; Tonin, Mirco
    Published: October 2019
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    The empirical literature testing the economic theory of crime has extensively studied the relative importance of the probability and the severity of punishment with reference to planned criminal activities. There are, however, also unplanned crimes... more

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    DS 4
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    The empirical literature testing the economic theory of crime has extensively studied the relative importance of the probability and the severity of punishment with reference to planned criminal activities. There are, however, also unplanned crimes and in this paper we focus on a very serious and widespread one, hit-and-run road accidents. In fact, it is not only unplanned, but also largely committed by citizens without criminal records and the decision whether to stay or run must be taken within a few seconds. Using Italian data for the period 1996-2016, we rely on daylight as an exogenous source of variation affecting the probability of apprehension and find that the likelihood of hit-and-run conditional on an accident taking place increases by around 20% with darkness. Relying on two legislative reforms which increased the penalties in case of hit-and-run, we find no significant effect on drivers' behavior. Our results show that criminal activities in unplanned circumstances and under intense time pressure and emotional distress are deterred more by the certainty rather than the severity of legal sanctions.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/207517
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12693
    Subjects: crime; hit-and-run; road accidents; punishment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Cooperation in a fragmented society: experimental evidence on Syrian refugees and natives in Lebanon
    Author: Drouvelis, Michalis; Malaeb, Bilal; Vlassopoulos, Michael; Wahba, Jackline
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  [The London School of Economics and Political Science, Institute of Global Affairs], [London]

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: [LSE IGA working paper series] ; [10 (2019)]
    Subjects: refugees; public good game; cooperation; punishment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Forgive or punish
    the impact of altruistic supervision on shirking
    Author: Dughera, Stefano; Marciano, Alain
    Published: November, 2020
    Publisher:  Laboratorio R. Revelli, Collegio Carlo Alberto, Torino, Italy

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    Series: Working paper / Labor, Laboratorio Riccardo Revelli ; no. 174
    Subjects: Altruism; shirking; control; efficiency wage; punishment; forgiveness
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Reprocity and uncertainty
    when do people forgive?
    Author: Gago, Andrés
    Published: October 2020
    Publisher:  Centro de estudios monetarios y financieros, Madrid, Spain

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    Language: English
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    Series: Working paper / CEMFI ; 2024
    Subjects: Reciprocity; uncertaint; blame; intentions; dictator; punishment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Social norms and market behavior
    evidence from a large population sample
    Author: Riehm, Tobias; Fugger, Nicolas; Gillen, Philippe; Gretschko, Vitali; Werner, Peter
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany

    We test the importance of social norms for market interactions associated with negative real-world externalities in a large-scale experiment with a heterogeneous population sample from Germany. The majority of experimental participants refuses to... more

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    We test the importance of social norms for market interactions associated with negative real-world externalities in a large-scale experiment with a heterogeneous population sample from Germany. The majority of experimental participants refuses to trade, thus behaving in a moral way. Our data suggest the importance of norm conformity for the decision to trade as a significant share of buyers and sellers condition market entry on the decisions of others. Moreover, a majority of observers is willing to incur personal costs to sanction trading. Moral behavior is significantly linked to demographic characteristics and stated preferences and attitudes of the participants.

     
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    hdl: 10419/231303
    Series: Discussion paper / ZEW ; no. 21, 017 (02/2021)
    Subjects: Markets; moral behavior; negative externalities; social norms; punishment; large population sample; experiment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (81 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Shifting punishment on minorities
    experimental evidence of scapegoating
    Author: Roland, Gérard; Bauer, Michal; Cahlíková, Jana; Chytilová, Julie; Želinský, Tomáš
    Published: 14 August 2021
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Series: Array ; DP16453
    Subjects: punishment; minority groups; inter-group conflict; discrimination; scapegoating; lab-infieldexperiments
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Deviant or wrong?
    the effects of norm information on the efficacy of punishment
    Author: Bicchieri, Cristina; Dimant, Eugen; Xiao, Erte
    Published: May 2021
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Research examining the effect of weak punishment on conformity indicates that punishment can backfire and lead to suboptimal social outcomes. We examine whether this effect is due to a lack of perceived legitimacy of rule enforcement, which would... more

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    Research examining the effect of weak punishment on conformity indicates that punishment can backfire and lead to suboptimal social outcomes. We examine whether this effect is due to a lack of perceived legitimacy of rule enforcement, which would enable agents to justify selfish behavior. We address the question of legitimacy by shedding light upon the importance of social norms and their interplay with weak punishment in the context of a trust game. Across six conditions, we systematically vary the combination of existence of weak punishment and norm information. Norm information may refer either to what most others do (empirical) or to what most others deem appropriate (normative). We show that in isolation, neither weak punishment nor empirical/normative information increase prosocial, reciprocal behavior. We instead find that reciprocity significantly increases when normative information and weak punishment are combined, but only when compliance is relatively cheap. When compliance is more costly, we find that the combination of punishment and generic empirical information about others’ conformity can have detrimental effects. In additional experiments, we show that this negative effect can be attributed to the punishment being perceived as unjustified, at least in some individuals. Our results have important implications for researchers and practitioners alike.

     
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    hdl: 10419/235437
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 9067 (2021)
    Subjects: conformity; punishment; social norms; trust
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Shifting punishment on minorities: experimental evidence of scapegoating
    Author: Bauer, Michal; Cahlíková, Jana; Chytilová, Julie; Roland, Gérard; Želinský, Tomáš
    Published: July 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This paper provides experimental evidence showing that members of a majority group systematically shift punishment on innocent members of an ethnic minority. We develop a new incentivized task, the Punishing the Scapegoat Game, to measure how... more

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    This paper provides experimental evidence showing that members of a majority group systematically shift punishment on innocent members of an ethnic minority. We develop a new incentivized task, the Punishing the Scapegoat Game, to measure how injustice affecting a member of one's own group shapes punishment of an unrelated bystander ("a scapegoat"). We manipulate the ethnic identity of the scapegoats and study interactions between the majority group and the Roma minority in Slovakia. We find that when no harm is done, there is no evidence of discrimination against the ethnic minority. In contrast, when a member of one's own group is harmed, the punishment "passed" on innocent individuals more than doubles when they are from the minority, as compared to when they are from the dominant group. These results illuminate how individualized tensions can be transformed into a group conflict, dragging minorities into conflicts in a way that is completely unrelated to their behavior.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/245659
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14608
    Subjects: punishment; minority groups; inter-group conflict; discrimination; scapegoating; lab-in-field experiments
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Shifting punishment on minorities: experimental evidence of scapegoating
    Author: Bauer, Michal; Cahlíková, Jana; Chytilová, Julie; Roland, Gérard; Želinský, Tomáš
    Published: July 2021
    Publisher:  Charles University, Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education, Prague

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    ISBN: 9788073435042; 9788073445997
    Series: Working paper series / CERGE-EI ; 697
    Subjects: punishment; minority groups; inter-group conflict,discrimination; scapegoating; lab-in-field experiments
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Crime and (a preference for) punishment
    the effects of drug policy reform on policing activity
    Author: Soliman, Adam
    Published: June 25, 2021
    Publisher:  Economic Research Initiatives @ Duke (ERID), Durham, NC

    We still know very little about the incentives of police, often due to data constraints and the underlying policy environment. Using geocoded crime data and a novel source of within-city spatial and temporal variation in punishment severity, I am... more

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    We still know very little about the incentives of police, often due to data constraints and the underlying policy environment. Using geocoded crime data and a novel source of within-city spatial and temporal variation in punishment severity, I am able to shed light on enforcement behavior. I find that in parts of a city where drug penalties were weakened, there is a 13% decrease in drug arrests within a year; there is no displacement of non-drug offenses and majority black neighborhoods have a larger decline in drug arrests. If offenders were significantly deterred by harsher penalties, as the law intended and Becker’s (1968) model predicts, there should have been an increase in drug arrests. My results are therefore consistent with police treating enforcement effort and punishment severity as complementary. I also find that citywide crime and drug use do not increase following the weakening of drug penalties; this calls into question the "War on Drugs" view of punishment and suggests that certain types enforcement can be reduced without incurring large public safety costs

     
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    Series: ERID working paper ; number 303
    Subjects: crime; enforcement; deterrence; punishment; enhanced penalty zones
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen