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  1. A decade of action for a change of era
    fifth report on regional progress and challenges in relation to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean : Forum of the Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean on Sustainable Development : San José, 7-9 March 2022
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  United Nations, ECLAC, Santiago

    For the fifth time, the countries of the region are convening in the framework of the Forum of the Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean on Sustainable Development. On each occasion, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean... more

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    Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Bibliothek
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    For the fifth time, the countries of the region are convening in the framework of the Forum of the Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean on Sustainable Development. On each occasion, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) has presented a report on regional progress and challenges in relation to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Since 2020, efforts to assess progress towards meeting the 2030 Agenda have had to be undertaken amid the constraints imposed by measures to address the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.In this difficult context, ECLAC continued to step up its efforts to assess the progress towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Whereas in 2019 we only had 19 statistical series of SDG indicators for the region to analyse progress towards 2030, in this fifth report we are presenting the results for 359 series, corresponding to 111 targets, 73 of which are targets covered by the prioritized indicators for the region.Given the contradiction between, on the one hand, the growing institutional efforts to bring to fruition the Decade of Action of the Sustainable Development Goals called for by the United Nations Secretary-General and his proposal of Our Common Agenda and, on the other, the insufficient progress towards the achievement of the Goals, ECLAC stresses once again its proposal to launch a decade of action for a change of era. The Sustainable Development Goals will not be achieved by doing more of the same; we must move towards a new, inclusive and sustainable economic and social system.This document presents specific proposals in four areas in which we must continue to work: strengthening multilateralism, particularly in the area of financing for development; improving implementation of productive, social and environmental policies of national and regional scope; building up the resilience of institutions; and overcoming conflicts through agreements and compacts. Foreword .-- Chapter I. Asymmetries, the impact of the pandemic and the cost of not committing to the future. A. The economic impact of the pandemic has been stronger in Latin America and the Caribbean than in other regions of the world. B. Social impact amplified by the inequality matrix. C. Global warming and the environmental vulnerability of the region .-- Chapter II. Trends in the Sustainable Development Goal indicators .-- Chapter III. Progress on quality education, gender equality and marine and terrestrial ecosystems .-- Chapter IV. Institutional progress on the means of implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development .-- Chapter VAgreements for a decade of action. A. Multilateralism, international financing and regional integration. B. Public policy at the core of a transformative recovery. C. Governance in a new pattern of development. D. Conflicts, instability and social compacts for sustainable development.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Conference proceedings
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 11362/47746
    Corporations / Congresses: Forum of the Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean on Sustainable Development, 5. (2022, San José, Costa Rica)
    Series: Libros y documentos institucionales
    United Nations publication
    Subjects: financing for development; inclusive development; inequality; international trade; macroeconomics; public policies; sustainable development; 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; economic development; social development; viruses; epidemics; Sustainable Development Goals; education; gender equality; marine ecosystems; terrestrial ecosystems; international cooperation; civil society; multilateralism; development models; development finance; social policy; DESARROLLO ECONOMICO; DESARROLLO SOCIAL; DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE; COVID-19; VIRUS; EPIDEMIAS; OBJETIVOS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE; EDUCACION; IGUALDAD DE GENERO; ECOSISTEMAS MARINOS; ECOSISTEMAS TERRESTRES; AGENDA 2030 PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE; COOPERACION INTERNACIONAL; SOCIEDAD CIVIL; MULTILATERALISMO; MODELOS DE DESARROLLO; FINANCIACION DEL DESARROLLO; POLITICA SOCIAL; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; COVID-19; VIRUSES; EPIDEMICS; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS; EDUCATION; GENDER EQUALITY; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; CIVIL SOCIETY; MULTILATERALISM; DEVELOPMENT MODELS; DEVELOPMENT FINANCE; SOCIAL POLICY
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 180 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Forschungszusammenarbeit China-Deutschland
    Interdisziplinäre Zugänge und transkulturelle Perspektiven
    Contributor: Robak, Steffi (HerausgeberIn); Zizek, Boris (HerausgeberIn); Hu, Chunchun (HerausgeberIn); Stroth, Maria (HerausgeberIn)
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  transcript, Bielefeld

    Die wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit von China und Deutschland liefert in Zeiten gesellschaftlicher Transformation ein breites Potenzial an innovationsfähigen und transkulturellen Forschungsansätzen. Die Beiträge des Bandes eruieren hierzu zum einen... more

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    Die wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit von China und Deutschland liefert in Zeiten gesellschaftlicher Transformation ein breites Potenzial an innovationsfähigen und transkulturellen Forschungsansätzen. Die Beiträge des Bandes eruieren hierzu zum einen bildungs- und sozialwissenschaftliche Fragestellungen, die die Rolle von Bildung vor dem Hintergrund kritischer Analyse und mit der Perspektive auf Gestaltung und Partizipation thematisieren. Zum anderen wird interdisziplinär erörtert, wie komparative Perspektiven in der Forschung entwickelt und wie Kooperationen und der Umgang in diesen gestaltet werden können. Dabei wird auch das Thema China-Kompetenz diskutiert und eine breite Kooperationsperspektive eröffnet.

     

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  3. Country reports internationalisation of business R&D investments by country
    annex
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  European Commission, Brussels

    Austria is one of the most internationalised countries in the European Union in terms of inward BERD. Inward BERD amounts to 50% of total BERD in 2013. The sectors with the highest share of inward BERD are mostly high- and medium-high-technology... more

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    Austria is one of the most internationalised countries in the European Union in terms of inward BERD. Inward BERD amounts to 50% of total BERD in 2013. The sectors with the highest share of inward BERD are mostly high- and medium-high-technology industries - electrical machinery and apparatus, motor vehicles, computer, electronic products or pharmaceuticals. The share of service industries is growing fast. Inward BERD in Austria mainly originates from two neighbouring countries - Germany and Switzerland - which together account for around 60% of total inward BERD in Austria. The share of these two countries, however, is decreasing due considerable growth of R&D activities by non-EU firms, most notably the US. Asian countries have also a fair share on this development. Altogether, R&D internationalisation in Austria became less dependent on investment from other EU countries in recent years.

     

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  4. Advancing macroprudential tools for cyber resilience
    operational policy tools : a review of national and pan-European frameworks
    Published: April 2024
    Publisher:  European Systemic Risk Board, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Cyber threats continue to pose significant risks to financial stability in the EU and beyond. The persistently heightened cyber threat environment in Europe is evidenced by the sabotage of undersea telecommunications cables, the disruptions to... more

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    Cyber threats continue to pose significant risks to financial stability in the EU and beyond. The persistently heightened cyber threat environment in Europe is evidenced by the sabotage of undersea telecommunications cables, the disruptions to systems in large banks and third-party providers, and the increased sophistication of cyberattacks and the skills of hackers. This shows how even financial institutions with mature cybersecurity and tested disaster plans are not immune to cyber risk. It also highlights that financial institutions need to assess their own third-party providers' cybersecurity fitness in the interests of overall financial stability. Incidents like the ransomware attacks on the ION Group and ICBC Financial Services in 2023 show that key economic functions such as securities trading and the US Treasury market impact financial markets (see Box 1). Also, if contingencies and mitigants had not been available or had not worked effectively, these incidents could have been amplified and could have had a significant impact on firms, with potentially systemic financial stability impacts. Recovery from a serious ransomware attack takes time and if a key node in the financial system is affected (such as a financial market infrastructure, FMI) it will be likely to crystallise systemic impacts and require the authorities to take action to prevent financial stability contagion.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789294723840
    Other identifier:
    Subjects: computer crime; data protection; fight against crime; European security; exchange of information; digital technology; risk management; information security; international cooperation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten)
    Notes:

    Bibl. : p. 40-41

  5. Entwicklung als Ideologie?
    das klassische Entwicklungsparadigma und die Post-Development-Kritik ; ein Beitrag zur Analyse des Entwicklungsdiskurses
    Author: Ziai, Aram
    Published: 2004
    Publisher:  DÜI, Hamburg

    Auswärtiges Amt, Referat 116, Bibliothek, Informationsvermittlung
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    Fachinformationsverbund Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
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    AF528
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    Frei 119: Q-IX-A-0787-00
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    2011 A 8354
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    A/437439
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    A 2005/2621
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    Content information
    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: German
    Media type: Dissertation
    Format: Print
    ISBN: 3926953616
    Other identifier:
    9783926953612
    RVK Categories: MD 4790
    Series: Schriften des Deutschen Übersee-Instituts Hamburg ; 61
    Subjects: Entwicklungstheorie; Entwicklungshilfe; Ökonomische Ideengeschichte; Kritik; Theorie; Entwicklungstheorie; Wissenschaftstheorie; Auseinandersetzung; Wissenschaft; Entwicklung; Definition; Begriff
    Other subjects: Array
    Scope: XI, 414 S.
    Notes:

    Literaturverz. S.375 - 410

    Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., FB Sozialwiss., Diss., 2003

  6. Europe - the global centre for excellent research
    study requested by the ITRE committee
    Published: April 2019
    Publisher:  European Union, [Brussels]

    The world of research and innovation is becoming increasingly multipolar with China joining the ranks of science and technology leaders. For the EU, increased global research capacities offer a larger global talent pool and opportunities for... more

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    Fachinformationsverbund Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
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    The world of research and innovation is becoming increasingly multipolar with China joining the ranks of science and technology leaders. For the EU, increased global research capacities offer a larger global talent pool and opportunities for specialisation, but also increased competition for investment, talent and the position as world-leader in critical technological fields. To be a global centre for excellent research, the EU and its Framework Programme must support the further integration of the intra-EU excellent research pole and at the same time being open for foreign talent and internationally connected with strong extra-EU partners.

     

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  7. Cross-border nuclear safety, liability and cooperation in the European Union
    study for the PETI committee
    Published: Feburary 2019
    Publisher:  European Parliament, Brussels

    This study, commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the PETI Committee, aims at gaining deeper insights into the legal aspects of cross border nuclear safety and... more

    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    This study, commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the PETI Committee, aims at gaining deeper insights into the legal aspects of cross border nuclear safety and cooperation in the European Union. It analyses the legal framework of nuclear safety as well as the liability and insurance schemes for nuclear accidents. The study examines the current liability and insurance framework and formulates possibilities for a further involvement of the EU in the liability regime. Specific attention is paid to citizen and NGO involvement in decision-making concerning nuclear power plants. The study analyses the case law in that respect and formulates various recommendations to improve the regime concerning cross-border nuclear safety, liability and corporation in the EU.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789284645800
    Other identifier:
    Subjects: Nukleare Sicherheit; Atomrecht; Kernkraftwerk; EU-Staaten; nuclear safety; nuclear accident; nuclear energy; nuclear policy; nuclear technology; nuclear power station; energy cooperation; international cooperation; the EU's international role; European Union; report
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 144 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Modelos de organização da assistência farmacêutica na atenção ambulatorial
    uma análise comparada
    Published: fevereiro de 2022
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro

    The objective of this text is to identify different models of organization of pharmaceutical services (PS) in outpatient care and factors that influence this organization. A comparative analysis of the forms of PS organization in outpatient care... more

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    The objective of this text is to identify different models of organization of pharmaceutical services (PS) in outpatient care and factors that influence this organization. A comparative analysis of the forms of PS organization in outpatient care adopted by 25 countries was carried out. To do so, the theoretical model proposed by the Pan American Health Organization (Paho) was based on the factors that influence its organization. For the characterization of the models, a table was elaborated that summarizes the relations between the main functions to be performed and the structures, policies and processes commonly used by the countries. Two factors that influence the models were investigated for being considered more relevant and for the availability of information, health policy and financing. The relationship between having a cooperation agreement with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the implementation of a specific model was also analyzed. Public documents and data were used to prepare the description of the PS organization in each country. These descriptions were processed with the support of the Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (Iramuteq) software, enabling the identification of three different models of PS organization. A logistic regression analysis was performed using the RStudio software, finding as a predictor variable of one of the models the national per capita income in dollars per purchasing power parity (PPP). It is concluded that there are similarities in the execution by countries of various functions related to PS. However, differences related to the financing of medicines, the management of the logistics and the dispensation of medicines generate the three identified models, with the country’s income being a relevant factor in determining the adoption of one of them.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/261049
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2734
    Subjects: pharmaceutical services; health systems; organizational models; international cooperation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. A decade of action for a change of era
    fifth report on regional progress and challenges in relation to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean : Forum of the Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean on Sustainable Development : San José, 7-9 March 2022
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  United Nations, ECLAC, Santiago

    For the fifth time, the countries of the region are convening in the framework of the Forum of the Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean on Sustainable Development. On each occasion, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean... more

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    Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Bibliothek
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    For the fifth time, the countries of the region are convening in the framework of the Forum of the Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean on Sustainable Development. On each occasion, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) has presented a report on regional progress and challenges in relation to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Since 2020, efforts to assess progress towards meeting the 2030 Agenda have had to be undertaken amid the constraints imposed by measures to address the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.In this difficult context, ECLAC continued to step up its efforts to assess the progress towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Whereas in 2019 we only had 19 statistical series of SDG indicators for the region to analyse progress towards 2030, in this fifth report we are presenting the results for 359 series, corresponding to 111 targets, 73 of which are targets covered by the prioritized indicators for the region.Given the contradiction between, on the one hand, the growing institutional efforts to bring to fruition the Decade of Action of the Sustainable Development Goals called for by the United Nations Secretary-General and his proposal of Our Common Agenda and, on the other, the insufficient progress towards the achievement of the Goals, ECLAC stresses once again its proposal to launch a decade of action for a change of era. The Sustainable Development Goals will not be achieved by doing more of the same; we must move towards a new, inclusive and sustainable economic and social system.This document presents specific proposals in four areas in which we must continue to work: strengthening multilateralism, particularly in the area of financing for development; improving implementation of productive, social and environmental policies of national and regional scope; building up the resilience of institutions; and overcoming conflicts through agreements and compacts. Foreword .-- Chapter I. Asymmetries, the impact of the pandemic and the cost of not committing to the future. A. The economic impact of the pandemic has been stronger in Latin America and the Caribbean than in other regions of the world. B. Social impact amplified by the inequality matrix. C. Global warming and the environmental vulnerability of the region .-- Chapter II. Trends in the Sustainable Development Goal indicators .-- Chapter III. Progress on quality education, gender equality and marine and terrestrial ecosystems .-- Chapter IV. Institutional progress on the means of implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development .-- Chapter VAgreements for a decade of action. A. Multilateralism, international financing and regional integration. B. Public policy at the core of a transformative recovery. C. Governance in a new pattern of development. D. Conflicts, instability and social compacts for sustainable development.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Conference proceedings
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 11362/47746
    Corporations / Congresses: Forum of the Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean on Sustainable Development, 5. (2022, San José, Costa Rica)
    Series: Libros y documentos institucionales
    United Nations publication
    Subjects: financing for development; inclusive development; inequality; international trade; macroeconomics; public policies; sustainable development; 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; economic development; social development; viruses; epidemics; Sustainable Development Goals; education; gender equality; marine ecosystems; terrestrial ecosystems; international cooperation; civil society; multilateralism; development models; development finance; social policy; DESARROLLO ECONOMICO; DESARROLLO SOCIAL; DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE; COVID-19; VIRUS; EPIDEMIAS; OBJETIVOS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE; EDUCACION; IGUALDAD DE GENERO; ECOSISTEMAS MARINOS; ECOSISTEMAS TERRESTRES; AGENDA 2030 PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE; COOPERACION INTERNACIONAL; SOCIEDAD CIVIL; MULTILATERALISMO; MODELOS DE DESARROLLO; FINANCIACION DEL DESARROLLO; POLITICA SOCIAL; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; COVID-19; VIRUSES; EPIDEMICS; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS; EDUCATION; GENDER EQUALITY; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; CIVIL SOCIETY; MULTILATERALISM; DEVELOPMENT MODELS; DEVELOPMENT FINANCE; SOCIAL POLICY
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 180 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. End of assignment report
    2008 - 2022
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  United Nations, ECLAC, Santiago

    This document contains a report on the term in office of Alicia Bárcena as Executive Secretary of ECLAC (2008–2022), by area of work of the Commission. more

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    This document contains a report on the term in office of Alicia Bárcena as Executive Secretary of ECLAC (2008–2022), by area of work of the Commission.

     

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  11. 45 years of the Regional Gender Agenda
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  United Nations, ECLAC, Santiago

    Forty-five years ago, the first Regional Conference on the Integration of Women into the Economic and Social Development of Latin America was held (Havana, 1977), as an intergovernmental platform for the region following the World Conference of the... more

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    Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Bibliothek
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    Forty-five years ago, the first Regional Conference on the Integration of Women into the Economic and Social Development of Latin America was held (Havana, 1977), as an intergovernmental platform for the region following the World Conference of the International Women’s Year (Mexico City, 1975). This meeting culminated in the adoption by the governments of the region of the Regional Plan of Action for the Integration of Women into Latin American Economic and Social Development, the region’s first road map for active inclusion of women in economic, political, social and cultural life, and increased awareness of the obstacles they faced in improving their circumstances, given multiple inequalities. The governments of the region thus gave the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) a mandate to convene periodically, at intervals of no more than three years, a Regional Conference on Women.This report is a contribution to implementation of the commitments assumed. It compiles the agreements adopted by governments at the sessions of the Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean, and is a tool for consultation, but above all for action and construction of a future based on the collective memory of the women of Latin America and the Caribbean and of the care society; a future of sustainable development with equality and sustainability of life as principles to drive the change of era sought by the region. Foreword .-- Regional Plan of Action La Habana (1977) .-- Regional Programme of Action Mar del Plata (1994) .-- Santiago Consensus (1997) .-- Lima Consensus (2000) .-- Mexico City Consensus (2004) .-- Quito Consensus (2007) .-- Brasilia Consensus (2010) .-- Santo Domingo Consensus (2013) .-- Montevideo Strategy (2016) .-- Santiago Commitment (2020) .-- Reservations and declarations.

     

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  12. Modos de financiar una recuperación de la crisis de la COVID-19 centrada en las personas y una acción decisiva contra el cambio climático en todo el mundo
    el momento de la verdad de la cooperación internacional en el siglo XXI
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    International cooperation and financing for development in particular face a moment of truth. A lack of national capacity to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change anywhere is a threat to the security and well-being of people everywhere. The... more

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    Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht, Bibliothek
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 709
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    International cooperation and financing for development in particular face a moment of truth. A lack of national capacity to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change anywhere is a threat to the security and well-being of people everywhere. The most feasible way to mobilize the large additional sums required to advance a fully inclusive, human-centred recovery from the pandemic and a rapid acceleration of climate action on a worldwide basis - including in resource-constrained low-and lower-middle-income countries - is for the international community to apply the public capital it has already invested in the International Monetary Fund and multilateral development banksmore efficiently and expansively. This could be achieved by applying the balance sheets and tools of these institutions just as imaginatively for such common purposes as those of central banks and treasuries in advanced countries have been applied for domestic purposes during the pandemic. The paper proposes a set of initiatives to this end in order to fully fund the WHO ACT-A/COVAX Initiative, adequately resource debt relief and restructuring, social protection floors and job-rich sustainable infrastructure and industry in these countries, and finance a global effort to avoid a lock-in of greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired power generation, which represents the single largest and most time sensitive aspect of the climate action required to achieve the goals of the Paris climate agreement. This fuller utilization of the existing international financial architecture to implement multilaterally agreed objectives would generate an average increase in annual external flows of about 4% of GDP to 82 poorer developing countries during the next seven years, exceeding the Marshall Plan's support of Europe's efforts to "build back better" from World War II, while using such additional international assistance in a similar manner to generate complementary increases in domestic resource mobilization.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Spanish
    Media type: Ebook
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    ISBN: 9789220355626; 9789220355633; 9789220355640
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265582
    Series: Documento de trabajo de la OIT / Organización Internacional del Trabajo ; 40 (Octubre 2021)
    Subjects: decent work; future of work; social protection; development cooperation; economic recovery; international monetary system; international cooperation; multilateral system; COVID-19; climate change
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Building mass support for global pandemic recovery efforts in the United States
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Center for International Development at Harvard University, [Cambridge, MA]

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Series: CID faculty working paper ; no. 408 (March 2022)
    Subjects: vaccine nationalism; international cooperation; redistribution
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 122 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Information provision and preferences for education spending
    evidence from representative survey experiments in three countries
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    Do differences in citizens’ policy preferences hamper international cooperation in education policy? To gain comparative evidence on public preferences for education spending, we conduct representative experiments with information treatments in... more

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    Do differences in citizens’ policy preferences hamper international cooperation in education policy? To gain comparative evidence on public preferences for education spending, we conduct representative experiments with information treatments in Switzerland using identical survey techniques previously used in Germany and the United States. In Switzerland, providing information about actual spending and salary levels reduces support for increased education spending from 54 to 40 percent and for increased teacher salaries from 27 to 19 percent, respectively. The broad patterns of education policy preferences are similar across the three countries when the role of status-quo and information are taken into account.

     

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    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/214938
    Series: Array ; no. 7936 (November 2019)
    Subjects: policy preferences; cross-country comparison; international cooperation; Switzerland; Germany; United States; education spending; information; survey experiments
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Information provision and preferences for education spending
    evidence from representative survey experiments in three countries
    Published: December 2019
    Publisher:  Universität Zürich, IBW - Institut für Betriebswirtschaftslehre, Zürich

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    Series: Working paper / Swiss Leading House ; no. 163
    Subjects: policy preferences; cross-country comparison; international cooperation; Switzerland; Germany; United States; education spending; information; survey experiments
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Fragmentation in global financial markets
    good or bad for financial stability?
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  Bank for International Settlements, Monetary and Economic Department, [Basel]

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    Media type: Book
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    Series: BIS working papers ; no 815 (October 2019)
    Subjects: financial stability; fragmentation; segmentation; financial integration; regulation; international cooperation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Information provision and preferences for education spending
    evidence from representative survey experiments in three countries
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  Graduate School of Business and Economics, Maastricht

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    Series: [Research memorandum] / Maastricht University, Graduate School of Business and Economics (GSBE) ; RM/19, 027
    Subjects: policy preferences; cross-country comparison; international cooperation; Switzerland,Germany; United States; education spending; information; survey experiments
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Information provision and preferences for education spending
    evidence from representative survey experiments in three countries
    Published: November 2019
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Do differences in citizens' policy preferences hamper international cooperation in education policy? To gain comparative evidence on public preferences for education spending, we conduct representative experiments with information treatments in... more

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    Do differences in citizens' policy preferences hamper international cooperation in education policy? To gain comparative evidence on public preferences for education spending, we conduct representative experiments with information treatments in Switzerland using identical survey techniques previously used in Germany and the United States. In Switzerland, providing information about actual spending and salary levels reduces support for increased education spending from 54 to 40 percent and for increased teacher salaries from 27 to 19 percent, respectively. The broad patterns of education policy preferences are similar across the three countries when the role of status-quo and information are taken into account.

     

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    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/215145
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12749
    Subjects: policy preferences; cross-country comparison; international cooperation; Switzerland; Germany; United States; education spending; information; survey experiments
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Global Bitcoin Markets and Local Regulations
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Asian Development Bank, Metro Manila, Philippines

    Since the launch of Bitcoin in 2009, the spectacular rise and fall of cryptocurrencies and the underlying blockchain technology have attracted global attention. While the application of distributed ledger technology presents great economic and... more

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    DS 496
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    Since the launch of Bitcoin in 2009, the spectacular rise and fall of cryptocurrencies and the underlying blockchain technology have attracted global attention. While the application of distributed ledger technology presents great economic and business potential, significant volatility and speculative trading of cryptocurrencies have raised concerns over investor and consumer protection and prompted government interventions within their respective jurisdictions. This study focuses on the six Bitcoin trading markets comprising 99% of global trading volume as of February 2018. Adopting the event study methodology to newly compiled information about local regulation events, we find that the effect of government regulations on the Bitcoin price is only short-lived, but regulations discourage trading activities for a longer term in local markets. Interestingly, however, the repressive effect of domestic regulations on trading activities can be mitigated by the domestic financial market openness. Together, these findings are consistent with the view that Bitcoin markets are globally integrated and that, to uphold market integrity, international cooperation would be essential.

     

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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/230357
    Series: ADB economics working paper series ; no. 605 (January 2020)
    Subjects: Bitcoin; cryptocurrency; financial market openness; international cooperation; regulation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Forschungszusammenarbeit China-Deutschland
    interdisziplinäre Zugänge und transkulturelle Perspektiven
    Contributor: Robak, Steffi (HerausgeberIn); Zizek, Boris (HerausgeberIn); Hu, Chunchun (HerausgeberIn); Stroth, Maria (HerausgeberIn)
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  transcript, Bielefeld

    Die wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit von China und Deutschland liefert in Zeiten gesellschaftlicher Transformation ein breites Potenzial an innovationsfähigen und transkulturellen Forschungsansätzen. Die Beiträge des Bandes eruieren hierzu zum einen... more

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    Die wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit von China und Deutschland liefert in Zeiten gesellschaftlicher Transformation ein breites Potenzial an innovationsfähigen und transkulturellen Forschungsansätzen. Die Beiträge des Bandes eruieren hierzu zum einen bildungs- und sozialwissenschaftliche Fragestellungen, die die Rolle von Bildung vor dem Hintergrund kritischer Analyse und mit der Perspektive auf Gestaltung und Partizipation thematisieren. Zum anderen wird interdisziplinär erörtert, wie komparative Perspektiven in der Forschung entwickelt und wie Kooperationen und der Umgang in diesen gestaltet werden können. Dabei wird auch das Thema China-Kompetenz diskutiert und eine breite Kooperationsperspektive eröffnet.

     

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  21. Forschungszusammenarbeit China-Deutschland
    interdisziplinäre Zugänge und transkulturelle Perspektiven
    Contributor: Robak, Steffi (HerausgeberIn); Zizek, Boris (HerausgeberIn); Hu, Chunchun (HerausgeberIn); Stroth, Maria (HerausgeberIn)
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  transcript, Bielefeld

    Die wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit von China und Deutschland liefert in Zeiten gesellschaftlicher Transformation ein breites Potenzial an innovationsfähigen und transkulturellen Forschungsansätzen. Die Beiträge des Bandes eruieren hierzu zum einen... more

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    Die wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit von China und Deutschland liefert in Zeiten gesellschaftlicher Transformation ein breites Potenzial an innovationsfähigen und transkulturellen Forschungsansätzen. Die Beiträge des Bandes eruieren hierzu zum einen bildungs- und sozialwissenschaftliche Fragestellungen, die die Rolle von Bildung vor dem Hintergrund kritischer Analyse und mit der Perspektive auf Gestaltung und Partizipation thematisieren. Zum anderen wird interdisziplinär erörtert, wie komparative Perspektiven in der Forschung entwickelt und wie Kooperationen und der Umgang in diesen gestaltet werden können. Dabei wird auch das Thema China-Kompetenz diskutiert und eine breite Kooperationsperspektive eröffnet Frontmatter -- Inhalt -- Einleitung -- Geleitwort: Wissenschaft, Transformation, Einstellungswandel -- Begriffsgeschichte als transnationales Paradigma -- »Ein gutes Leben« und die gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen aus Sicht der chinesischen und deutschen Geschichte und Philosophie -- Welches Europa? Und welche Krise? -- Kulturerbe als Ressource der gesellschaftlichen Entwicklung? -- Fabricating cultural identity through floral fabrics -- Bitcoin, Kryptowährung und die Blockchain -- Die Öffnung des chinesischen Bildungssektors und Chinas wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Entwicklung -- Studiengewinn und Studienzufriedenheit chinesischer Studierender an deutschen Universitäten -- Changing values and worlds of experience in late modern China -- Inklusive Bildung -- Critical Factors of Quality Assurance in China Online Higher Education -- China-Kompetenz in Deutschland -- Kategorisierungen, Diversity und komparative Perspektiven -- Transkulturelle China-Kompetenz -- China-Kompetenz an der Leibniz Universität Hannover -- Autorinnen und Autoren

     

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  22. Options for multilateral initiatives to close the global 2030 climate ambition and action gap
    policy field energy transition
    Published: [Januar 2021?]
    Publisher:  Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau

    To achieve the turnaround towards carbon neutrality, countries need to take much more ambitious action in this decade. One of the key fields of action is the transition of the energy sector –from fossil to renewable fuels, while ... more

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    Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) / Leibniz-Informationszentrum Technik und Naturwissenschaften und Universitätsbibliothek
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    To achieve the turnaround towards carbon neutrality, countries need to take much more ambitious action in this decade. One of the key fields of action is the transition of the energy sector –from fossil to renewable fuels, while drastically reducing energy consumption. This paperdiscusses options how such action can be enhanced through multilateral cooperation. To do so, it first provides an overview of the landscape of the most relevant international initiatives (partnerships, platforms, alliances and networks) that work on issues related to energy transition, particularly on promoting energy efficiency, the uptake of renewable energies, access to energy or the phase-out of fossil fuels. Out of these, five initiatives are analysed in greater detail and described in terms of their role and expected impact. Finally, the paper describes five potential initiatives for enhanced international cooperation on energy transition, particularly in the framework of the G20: an initiative to coordinate efforts for a green recovery from the COVID-19 crisis, an initiative to reduce the supply of fossil fuels, a club of national and sub-national governments that commit to a fully renewable energy supply, a dedicated institution to foster energy efficiency and energy conservation, and an alliance specifically aimed at the non-usual suspects. Um die Wende zu einer klimaneutralen Wirtschaftsweise einzuleiten, bedarf es in der Klimapolitik einer deutlichen Ambitionssteigerung in den 2020er Jahren. Eine zentrale Herausforderung ist die Energiewende – weg von fossilen und hin zu erneuerbaren Energieträgern, bei gleichzeitig deutlich gestiegener Energieeffizienz. Dieses Policy Paper erörtert, wie multilaterale Partnerschaften zu dieser Ambitionssteigerung beitragen können. Dazu gibt es zunächst einen Überblick über die Landschaft der wichtigsten internationalen Initiativen (Partnerschaften, Plattformen, Allianzen und Netzwerke), die zu Fragen der Energiewende arbeiten, insbesondere zur Förderung der Energieeffizienz, des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien, dem Zugang zu Energie oder dem Ausstieg aus fossilen Brennstoffen. Von diesen werden fünf Initiativen eingehender analysiert und hinsichtlich ihrer Rolle und ihren erwarteten Auswirkungen beschrieben. Schließlich beschreibt das Papier fünf mögliche Initiativen, um die internationale Zusammenarbeit zur Energiewende, insbesondere im Rahmen der G20, auszubauen. Dies sind eine Initiative für klimafreundliche Konjunkturpakete als Antwort auf die COVID-19-Pandemie, eine Initiative, um die Förderung fossiler Brennstoffe zu verringern, ein Club von Ländern und anderen Gebietskörperschaften, die sich eine vollständig erneuerbare Energieversorgung zum Ziel gesetzt haben, eine eigene Institution für Energieeffizienz und Energieeinsparung, und eine Allianz, die sich spezifisch an die Länder richtet, die in den bestehenden Initiativen, Foren und Netzwerken unterrepräsentiert sind

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Auerochs, Hannah (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Series: Climate change ; 2021, 01
    Ressortforschungsplan of the Federal Ministry for the Enviroment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
    Subjects: Global climate protection; greenhouse gas mitigation; energy transition; international cooperation; G20; renewable energies; energy efficiency
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (vi, 30 Seiten, 0,7 MB)
    Notes:

    Report completed in: November 2020

    This policy paper is part of the research project “ Accelerating global climate action before 2030” (FKZ 3719 41 109 0) that investigates intergovernmental cooperation initiatives by G20 countries and their possible contribution to accelerate climate action before 2030. The project focuses on four policy areas: energytransition, synthetic e- fuels, food supply and forest protection; this paper looks at energy transition. The project is financed by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, supervised by the German Environment Agency and carried out by the Ecologic Institute, Oeko-Institutand Climate Analytics. The policy papers are scientific in nature, and all reflections and suggestions are derived by the authors’ experiences and from careful analysis. They aim to identify options to accelerate climate action in order to meet the globally agreed goal of staying within a temperature increase of 1.5°C or well below 2°C above preindustrial levels, without intending to prescribe specific policies

    Erscheinungsdatum fehlerhaft in der Publikation: January 2020; Erscheinungsdatum auf der Webseite des Umweltbundesamtes: Januar 2021

  23. Options for multilateral initiatives to close the global 2030 climate ambition and action gap
    policy field synthetic efuels
    Published: January 2021
    Publisher:  Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau

    Achieving the Paris Agreement long-term temperature goal requires closing the ambition and action gap. G20 countries have a crucial role to play in realising increased climate policy ambition. Synthetic electro fuels (e-fuels) were ... more

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    Achieving the Paris Agreement long-term temperature goal requires closing the ambition and action gap. G20 countries have a crucial role to play in realising increased climate policy ambition. Synthetic electro fuels (e-fuels) were identified as one of the key policy areas and promising options for intergovernmental cooperation between the G20 nations. This policy paper provides a comprehensive but condensed analysis of the current landscape of the promotion of synthetic e-fuels. It provides concrete policy recommendations to improve existing and develop future initiatives in the area of production and use of synthetic post-fossil fuels. In the context of an overall decarbonisation of the energy system, the paper focuses on aviation and maritime transport and the role of green hydrogen for indirect electrification of industry sectors in addition to direct electrification. Based on the analysis of already existing initiatives four new initiatives for the promotion of an accelerated uptake of synthetic e-fuels are suggested: a Sustainable e-Kerosene Alliance, a Sustainable e-fuel Alliance for Maritime Shipping, a Hard-to-Abate Sector Partnership and finally a Global supply-demand-partnership. Um das langfristige Temperaturziel des Pariser Abkommens zu erreichen, müssen die Ambitions- und Handlungslücke geschlossen werden. Die G20-Länder spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Umsetzung gestiegener klimapolitischer Ambitionen. Synthetische Elektrokraftstoffe (E-Kraftstoffe) wurden als einer der wichtigsten Politikbereiche und vielversprechenden Optionen für die zwischenstaatliche Zusammenarbeit zwischen den G20-Staaten identifiziert. Dieses Strategiepapier bietet eine umfassende, aber komprimierte Analyse der aktuellen Landschaft der Förderung synthetischer Elektrokraftstoffe und enthält konkrete politische Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung bestehender und zur Entwicklung künftiger Initiativen im Bereich der Herstellung und Verwendung synthetischer postfossiler Brennstoffe. Im Rahmen einer umfassenden Dekarbonisierung des Energiesystems liegt der Schwerpunkt neben der direkten Elektrifizierung speziell auf der Luftfahrt und dem Seeverkehr sowie auf der Rolle von grünem Wasserstoff für die indirekte Elektrifizierung von Industriezweigen. Basierend auf der Analyse bereits bestehender Initiativen werden vier neue Initiativen zur Förderung einer beschleunigten Einführung synthetischer E-Kraftstoffe vorgeschlagen: eine Sustainable E-Kerosene Alliance, eine Sustainable E-Fuel Alliance für die Seeschifffahrt, eine Hard-to-Abate-Sektor Partnerschaft und schließlich eine globale Angebot-Nachfrage-Partnerschaft.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Auerochs, Hannah (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Project No. (FKZ) 3719411090
    FB000380/ZW,2,ENG
    Series: Climate change ; 2021, 02
    Ressortforschungsplan of the Federal Ministry for the Enviroment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
    Subjects: Global climate protection; greenhouse gas mitigation; international cooperation; G20; synthetic e-fuels; green hydrogen; defossilization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (vi, 25 Seiten, 0,55 MB)
    Notes:

    Report completed in: December 2020

    This policy paper is part of the research project “Accelerating global climate action before 2030” (FKZ 3719 41 109 0) that investigates intergovernmental cooperation initiatives by G20 countries and their possible contribution to accelerate climate action before 2030. The project focuses on four policy areas: energy transition, synthetic e-fuels, sustainable food systems and forest protection; this paper looks at forest protection. The project is financed by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, supervised by the German Environment Agency and carried out by the Ecologic Institute, Oeko-Institut and Climate Analytics. The policy papers are scientific in nature, and all reflections and suggestions are derived by the authors’ experiences and from careful analysis. They aim to identify options to accelerate climate action in order to meet the globally agreed goal of staying within a temperature increase of well below 2°C above preindustrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C, without intending to prescribe specific policies

  24. Exploring the feasibility of content analysis in understanding international cooperation in APEC
    Published: December 2020
    Publisher:  Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, Philippines

    International relations is considered an important aspect in the development of an economy and of a region by providing them opportunities to work together to address economic, social, political issues, environmental, and security issues. It allows... more

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    International relations is considered an important aspect in the development of an economy and of a region by providing them opportunities to work together to address economic, social, political issues, environmental, and security issues. It allows economies to share information, technology, and best practices that can help them progress together. Such cooperation is realized through the participation and commitments in regional blocs, such as the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), where cooperation comes in many forms. Exploring the patterns of such cooperation provides an understanding of how APEC has evolved. It may highlight the achievements and learn from shortcomings. Also, exploring patterns of such cooperation provides direction APEC may take in the next decades. The quality of cooperation may also reveal how member economies have fared so far in their participation, as well as their economic or political stance on certain issues. To do such analysis, however, it must be noted that there are pieces of information that cannot be easily discerned by quantitatively analyzing available structured data. Analyzing cooperation may require a different type of methodology. This paper, therefore, explores the concepts and potential uses of content analysis in understanding international cooperation.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/241047
    Series: Discussion paper series / Philippine Institute for Development Studies ; no. 2020, 58 (December 2020)
    Subjects: content analysis; text analysis; international cooperation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Background paper: methodology and criteria for assessing multilateral initiatives to close the global 2030 climate ambition and action gap
    Published: April 2021
    Publisher:  Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau

    A broad range of mitigation options have been identified and assessed in the literature that enable countries to close the existing gap between 2030 emission projections resulting from the aggregate efforts of countries to achieve their Nationally... more

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    A broad range of mitigation options have been identified and assessed in the literature that enable countries to close the existing gap between 2030 emission projections resulting from the aggregate efforts of countries to achieve their Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Agreement and the emissions level consistent with the Paris Agreement 1.5°C limit. This report documents the methodology chosen and the criteria applied for selecting and assessing promising options for intergovernmental cooperation in the G20 countries with relevance for closing the ambition gap in four key policy areas: 1) energy transition (from fossil to renewable energy sources), 2) synthetic e-fuels (production, trade, use of fuels from renewable energies), 3) sustainable food systems (reduction of post-harvest losses, food waste, animal products), and 4) forest protection (conservation and restoration of forests). The report presents the overall approach of the analysis by sketching its four working steps: Step 1 describes the status quo and the selection of initiatives to be reviewed. Step 2 constitutes an evaluation of selected initiatives, based on a number of criteria, including chances of success and effectiveness, efficiency and costs, transparency and institutional structures, sustainability and environmental integrity, and scope for improvements and need for additional multilateral cooperation. Step 3 aims at identifying options for closing policy gaps found in step 2. These options are further elaborated, and recommendations are formulated to support the options. Finally, step 4 provides a summary and conclusions regarding the options presented in an evaluation table. Analysen zufolge besteht eine Lücke zwischen den Emissionsprojektionen für 2030, die sich aus den aggregierten Anstrengungen der Länder zur Erreichung ihrer national festgelegten Beiträge zum Pariser Abkommen ergeben, und dem Emissionsniveau, das mit dem 1,5°C-Limit des Pariser Abkommens vereinbar ist. In der Literatur wurde eine breite Palette von Minderungsoptionen identifiziert und bewertet, die es Ländern ermöglichen, diese Lücke zu schließen. Dieser Bericht dokumentiert die gewählte Methodik und die angewandten Kriterien für die Auswahl und Bewertung vielversprechender Optionen für zwischenstaatliche Kooperationen in den G20-Ländern mit Relevanz für die Schließung der Ambitionslücke in vier zentralen Politikbereichen: 1) Energiewende (von fossilen zu erneuerbaren Energiequellen), 2) synthetische E-Kraftstoffe (Produktion, Handel, Nutzung von Kraftstoffen aus erneuerbaren Energien), 3) nachhaltige Ernährungssysteme (Reduzierung von Nachernteverlusten, Lebensmittelabfällen, tierischen Produkten) und 4) Waldschutz (Erhaltung und Wiederherstellung von Wäldern). Der Bericht stellt den Gesamtansatz der Analyse dar, indem er die vier Arbeitsschritte skizziert: Schritt 1 beschreibt den Status quo und die Auswahl der zu überprüfenden Initiativen. Schritt 2 stellt eine Bewertung der ausgewählten Initiativen dar, basierend auf einer Reihe von Kriterien, einschließlich Erfolgschancen und Effektivität, Effizienz und Kosten, Transparenz und institutionelle Strukturen, Nachhaltigkeit und Umweltintegrität sowie Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten und Bedarf an zusätzlicher multilateraler Zusammenarbeit. Schritt 3 zielt auf die Identifizierung von Optionen zur Schließung der in Schritt 2 gefundenen Politiklücken. Diese Optionen werden ausgearbeitet, und es werden Empfehlungen formuliert, wie die Umsetzung der Optionen unterstützt werden kann. Schritt 4 liefert mithilfe einer übersichtlichen Bewertungstabelle eine abschließende Zusammenfassung und Schlussfolgerungen zu den erarbeiteten Optionen.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Auerochs, Hannah (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Project No. (FKZ) 3719 41 109 0
    Report No. FB000380/ZW,3,ENG
    Series: Climate change ; 2021, 12
    Ressortforschungsplan of the Federal Ministry for the Enviroment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
    Subjects: Global climate protection; greenhouse gas mitigation; Paris Agreement; Literature analysis; international cooperation; methodology; assessment criteria
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (17 Seiten, 0,22 MB)
    Notes:

    Report completed in: March 2021

    This method paper is part of the research project “Accelerating global climate action before 2030” (FKZ 3719 41 109 0) that investigates multilateral initiatives by G20 countries and their possible contribution to accelerate climate action before 2030. The project focuses on four policy areas: energy transition, synthetic e-fuels, sustainable food systems and forest protection. This paper provides methodology and criteria description for the selection and analysis of initiatives for multilateral cooperation and the elaboration of options. The project is financed by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, supervised by the German Environment Agency and carried out by the Ecologic Institute, Oeko-Institut and Climate Analytics