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Displaying results 1 to 13 of 13.

  1. Can ICT make small beautiful?
    examining the role of ICT in affecting the credit behavior of SMEs in India
    Author: Jain, Ritika; Biswas, Shreya
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo, Japan

    The paper explores the relationship between ICT adoption and credit behavior for small and medium enterprises in India. We use the latest round of the World Bank Enterprise Survey for India, conducted in 2021, and employ an instrumental variable... more

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    The paper explores the relationship between ICT adoption and credit behavior for small and medium enterprises in India. We use the latest round of the World Bank Enterprise Survey for India, conducted in 2021, and employ an instrumental variable estimation technique to account for any potential endogeneity between ICT adoption and credit behavior. We find that better ICT usage enhances the likelihood of obtaining credit and the size of credit for these firms. Additionally, it increases the likelihood of applying for loans and loan approvals. We also examine the result for micro firms in India and find confirmation of our findings. On exploring further, we find evidence that reduced information asymmetry, better financial awareness, innovation, and enhanced productivity are possible channels that improve access to credit for small and medium firms. The study underscores the role of ICT in reducing the credit constraints of small and medium enterprises.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/301964
    Series: ADBI working paper series ; no. 1459 (July 2024)
    Subjects: small and medium-sized enterprises; credit; information and communication technology
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten)
  2. Information and communication technology, hierarchy, and job design
    Author: Gerten, Elisa; Beckmann, Michael; Kräkel, Matthias
    Published: August 2022
    Publisher:  ECONtribute, Bonn

    In recent decades, information and communication technology (ICT) has been associated with far-reaching changes in the design of jobs. However, it still remains unclear whether these changes will lead to more centralization or more decentralization... more

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    In recent decades, information and communication technology (ICT) has been associated with far-reaching changes in the design of jobs. However, it still remains unclear whether these changes will lead to more centralization or more decentralization in firms. Previous literature on this debate has focused on a strict dichotomy between the two possible directions. In contrast, our theoretical and empirical analyses show that equipping employees with ICT leads to both more centralized and more decentralized job-design policies. This finding is particularly pronounced for executive employees, who are granted more work autonomy but also experience more control via stronger monitoring, while non-executive employees only experience more monitoring without receiving more work autonomy. Our theoretical setting is based on a modified principal-agent model. In our empirical approach we apply estimation models that account for both endogeneity and essential heterogeneity, thereby exploiting exogenous geographic variation in our instrumental variable.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/268022
    Series: ECONtribute discussion paper ; no. 189
    Subjects: information and communication technology; centralization; decentralization; monitoring; working from home; marginal treatment effects; essential heterogeneity; instrumental variable
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 113 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Information and communication technology, hierarchy, and job design
    Author: Gerten, Elisa; Beckmann, Michael; Kräkel, Matthias
    Published: August 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In recent decades, information and communication technology (ICT) has been associated with far-reaching changes in the design of jobs. However, it still remains unclear whether these changes will lead to more centralization or more decentralization... more

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    In recent decades, information and communication technology (ICT) has been associated with far-reaching changes in the design of jobs. However, it still remains unclear whether these changes will lead to more centralization or more decentralization in firms. Previous literature on this debate has focused on a strict dichotomy between the two possible directions. In contrast, our theoretical and empirical analyses show that equipping employees with ICT leads to both more centralized and more decentralized job-design policies. This finding is particularly pronounced for executive employees, who are granted more work autonomy but also experience more control via stronger monitoring, while non-executive employees only experience more monitoring without receiving more work autonomy. Our theoretical setting is based on a modified principal-agent model. In our empirical approach we apply estimation models that account for both endogeneity and essential heterogeneity, thereby exploiting exogenous geographic variation in our instrumental variable.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    hdl: 10419/265712
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 15491
    Subjects: information and communication technology; centralization; decentralization; monitoring; working from home; marginal treatment effects; essential heterogeneity; instrumental variable
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 114 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Accounting for cloud computing in the national accounts
    Author: Baer, Andrew L.; Lee, Kwangwon; Tebrake, James
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    Digitalization and the innovative use of digital technologies is changing the way we work, learn, communicate, buy and sell products. One emerging digital technology of growing importance is cloud computing. More and more businesses, governments and... more

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    Digitalization and the innovative use of digital technologies is changing the way we work, learn, communicate, buy and sell products. One emerging digital technology of growing importance is cloud computing. More and more businesses, governments and households are purchasing hardware and software services from a small number of large cloud computing providers. This change is having an impact on how macroeconomic data are compiled and how they are interpreted by users. Specifically, this is changing the information and communication technology (ICT) investment pattern from one where ICT investment was diversified across many industries to a more concentrated investment pattern. Additionally, this is having an impact on cross-border flows of commercial services since the cloud service provider does not need to be located in the same economic territory as the purchaser of cloud services. This paper will outline some of the methodological and compilation challenges facing statisticians and analysts, provide some tools that can be used to overcome these challenges and highlight some of the implications these changes are having on the way users of national accounts data look at investment and trade in commercial services

     
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  5. How the past of outsourcing and offshoring is the future of post-pandemic remote work
    a typology, a model, and a review
    Author: Erickson, Christopher L.; Norlander, Peter
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    Information and communication technology (ICT) challenges traditional assumptions about the capacity to manage workers beyond organizational and physical boundaries. A typology connects a variety of non-traditional work organizations made possible by... more

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    Information and communication technology (ICT) challenges traditional assumptions about the capacity to manage workers beyond organizational and physical boundaries. A typology connects a variety of non-traditional work organizations made possible by ICT, including offshoring, outsourcing, remote work, virtual companies, and platforms. A model illustrates how new technology serves as a proximate cause for a revision of social contracts between capital, labor and government reached through bargaining, and how external shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the institutional environment, and limitations in practice influence how technology changes the organization of work. An historical case illustrates the general features of the model, and a review of the outsourcing and offshoring literature provides instructive examples of how features of the model will potentially influence the future of post-pandemic remote work.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/237089
    Series: GLO discussion paper ; no. 913
    Subjects: Informationstechnik; Arbeitsorganisation; Auslandsverlagerung; Telearbeit; Virtuelle Organisation; Schock; Institutioneller Wandel; information and communication technology; institutional change; offshoring; outsourcing; remote work
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. An empirical evidence and proposal on the spillover effects of information and communication technology infrastructure in India
    Author: Yoshino, Naoyuki; Siregar, Tifani Husna; Agarwal, Deepanshu; Ram, KE Seetha; Azhgaliyeva, Dina
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo, Japan

    The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of information and communications technology (ICT) not only for the economy but also for human well-being. However, the investment gap in ICT infrastructure has been growing and is expected to reach... more

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    The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of information and communications technology (ICT) not only for the economy but also for human well-being. However, the investment gap in ICT infrastructure has been growing and is expected to reach more than $30 billion by 2040. We argue that one of the ways to attract private sector involvement in ICT infrastructure is by creating a steady stream of income for the investors. We quantify the spillover effects of mobile network on tax revenues, using annual state-level data for 2005 to 2016 from India across all states. Using simple Fixed Effect (FE) as well as Fixed Effect (FE) Two-Stage Least-Squares (2SLS) estimations, we show that the rise in the number of mobile network subscribers is associated with an increase in the amount of regional tax revenues. On average, an increase in the number of The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) subscribers per capita by 1 percentage point is expected to raise annual state tax revenues per capita by ₹134 (3% of average annual state tax revenue per capita in 2016). The number of GSM subscribers affect tax revenues through increased economic activities, as shown by our 2SLS estimation results. The results of this study justify our proposal to share the increased tax revenues with the investors to create a steady stream of income for investors. The findings of this study also support the increased support for the development of digital and physical infrastructure in the national budget of India for 2022-2023.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/267763
    Series: ADBI working paper series ; no. 1330 (July 2022)
    Subjects: infrastructure; spillover effect; information and communication technology; tax revenue; Difference-in-Difference (DiD) method; 2SLS
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Reducing the gender digital divide amongst immigrant entrepreneurs
    Author: Drydakis, Nick
    Published: September 2024
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Information and communication technology (ICT) can boost existing socio-economic inequalities if the former is socially exclusive. Longstanding barriers prevent minoritized populations from accessing ICT, thus leading to a vicious circle between... more

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    Information and communication technology (ICT) can boost existing socio-economic inequalities if the former is socially exclusive. Longstanding barriers prevent minoritized populations from accessing ICT, thus leading to a vicious circle between digital divide and poor development. The digital divide can be most important when assessing United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals No. 4 (lifelong learning opportunities), No. 5 (empowerment), No. 8 (growth), and No. 10 (reduced inequalities). The current study presents the outcomes of a business apps training intervention, targeting immigrant entrepreneurs running small firms in Greece, Cyprus and the UK. Multifaceted gender digital divides were unravelled, and training was found to improve entrepreneurs' internet/digital skills and firms' digital competencies, whilst also boosting empowerment and reducing gender digital disparities. Given the positive contribution of immigrant firms to countries' growth, ways to facilitate sustainable performances through digital skills training merit consideration. Further, improving immigrant female entrepreneurs' digital skills requires intersectional approaches that address a vector of socio-economic and cultural barriers, ensuring that ICT-driven sustainable development is much more inclusive.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    hdl: 10419/305717
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 17275
    Subjects: information and communication technology; digital divide; immigrants; business apps training; empowerment; digital competencies
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The supply of foreign talent
    how skill-biased technology drives the location choice and skills of new immigrants
    Author: Beerli, Andreas; Indergand, Ronald; Kunz, Johannes
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen

    An important goal of immigration policy is to facilitate the entry of foreignborn workers whose skills are in short supply in national labor markets. In recent decades, information and communication technology [ICT] has fueled the demand for highly... more

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    An important goal of immigration policy is to facilitate the entry of foreignborn workers whose skills are in short supply in national labor markets. In recent decades, information and communication technology [ICT] has fueled the demand for highly educated workers at the expense of lower educated groups. Exploiting the fact that different regions in Switzerland have been differentially exposed to ICT due to their pre-ICT industrial composition, we present evidence suggesting that more exposed regions experienced stronger ICT adoption, accompanied by considerably stronger growth in relative employment and wage-premia for college-educated workers. Following this change in the landscape of relative economic opportunities, we find robust evidence that these regions experienced a much stronger influx of highly educated immigrants in absolute terms as well as relative to lower educated groups. Our results suggest that immigrants' location decisions respond strongly to these long-run, technology-driven changes in their economic opportunities.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    hdl: 10419/247714
    Series: GLO discussion paper ; no. 998
    Subjects: immigrant sorting; international migration; skill-biased technical change; information and communication technology; skill supply
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Information and communication technology and firm geographic expansion
    Author: Jiang, Xian
    Published: May 2023
    Publisher:  CESifo, Munich, Germany

    This paper studies how information and communication technology (ICT) affects the firm geographic organization and its implications on aggregate efficiency. ICT can widen firms' geographic span of control by reducing their internal communication... more

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    This paper studies how information and communication technology (ICT) affects the firm geographic organization and its implications on aggregate efficiency. ICT can widen firms' geographic span of control by reducing their internal communication costs. Empirical evidence from confidential US Census data shows that firms with more advanced technology have both higher within-firm communication and larger geographic coverage. I then develop a quantitative spatial equilibrium model in which firms endogenously adopt ICT, choose multiple production locations, and trade domestically. I estimate the model by exploiting natural experimental variation from the Internet privatization of the early 1990s. The model quantifies that privatization led to an overall efficiency gain of 1.3%, two-fifths of which came from firm geographic expansion. The distribution of these gains across locations is shaped by multi-unit firms' location choices. Policy simulations show that, in reducing the digital gap, a coordinated national policy leads to larger efficiency gains than local policies.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
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    hdl: 10419/279201
    Series: CESifo working papers ; 10452 (2023)
    Subjects: information and communication technology; firm organization; geography
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 105 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. E-government and democracy in Botswana
    observational and experimental evidence on the effect of e-government usage on political attitudes
    Author: Bante, Jana; Helmig, Felix; Prasad, Lara; Scheu, Lea Deborah; Seipel, Jean Christoph; Geray, Markus; Schiller, Armin von; Sebudubudu, David; Ziaja, Sebastian
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik, Bonn

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  11. Accounting for cloud computing in the national accounts
    Author: Baer, Andrew L.; Lee, Kwangwon; Tebrake, James
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    Digitalization and the innovative use of digital technologies is changing the way we work, learn, communicate, buy and sell products. One emerging digital technology of growing importance is cloud computing. More and more businesses, governments and... more

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    Digitalization and the innovative use of digital technologies is changing the way we work, learn, communicate, buy and sell products. One emerging digital technology of growing importance is cloud computing. More and more businesses, governments and households are purchasing hardware and software services from a small number of large cloud computing providers. This change is having an impact on how macroeconomic data are compiled and how they are interpreted by users. Specifically, this is changing the information and communication technology (ICT) investment pattern from one where ICT investment was diversified across many industries to a more concentrated investment pattern. Additionally, this is having an impact on cross-border flows of commercial services since the cloud service provider does not need to be located in the same economic territory as the purchaser of cloud services. This paper will outline some of the methodological and compilation challenges facing statisticians and analysts, provide some tools that can be used to overcome these challenges and highlight some of the implications these changes are having on the way users of national accounts data look at investment and trade in commercial services

     
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  12. An empirical study of the development of information and communication technology in Hungary
    Author: Sasvari, Peter
    Published: 2010
    Publisher:  University of Miskolc, Faculty of Economics, Miskolc, Hungary

    As I could not find a reliable mathematical and statistical method for studying the effect of information communication technology on businesses in the literature, I proposed a new research and analysis method that I also used to study the Hungarian... more

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    As I could not find a reliable mathematical and statistical method for studying the effect of information communication technology on businesses in the literature, I proposed a new research and analysis method that I also used to study the Hungarian economic sectors. An essential question for enterprises is what factors have an effect on their net income. First, I studied the potential indicators related to economic sectors, then I compared those indicators to the net income of the enterprises surveyed. The data resulting from this comparison showed that the growing penetration of electronic marketpalces contributed to the change in the net income of enterprises in various Hungarian economic sectors to the extent of 37%. Among all the potential indicators, only the indicator of electronic marketplaces has a direct influence on the net income of enterprises. However, the effect of electronic presence is also significant as it has a huge effect on the potential indicator of electronic marketplaces. It was practical to determine two clusters based on the potential indicators. Eight economic sectors have been placed in the first, while five sectors have been placed in the second cluster. Only the money which is spent on professional training has a more significant effect on what cluster a sector belongs to.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/76453
    Parent title: Sonderdruck aus: Theory, Methodology, Practice, 2010 Vol. 5, Iss. 1, pp. 51-57;
    Subjects: information society; information and communication technology; economic branch; ICT; electronic presence; electronic marketplace
    Scope: Online-Ressource ([8] S.), Ill., graph. Darst.
  13. ICT as an enabler of innovation
    evidence from German microdata
    Author: Fabritz, Nadine
    Published: 2015
    Publisher:  ifo Inst., Munich

    Using data from a survey of German manufacturing firms, this paper empirically tests the hypothesis that investment in ICT enables product innovation at the firm level. The empirical approach employs a value-added model, which controls for... more

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    Using data from a survey of German manufacturing firms, this paper empirically tests the hypothesis that investment in ICT enables product innovation at the firm level. The empirical approach employs a value-added model, which controls for time-invariant firm characteristics. We instrument with exogenous impulses that affect firms’ decision to invest in ICT to account for remaining endogeneity that arises due to the fact that firms may decide to innovate and invest in ICT simultaneously. In addition, we employ matching methods to corroborate the results. We find consistent evidence that ICT investment increases firms’ product innovations.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/108762
    Series: Ifo working papers ; 195
    Subjects: Innovation; information and communication technology; manufacturing sector
    Scope: Online-Ressource (34 S.), graph. Darst.