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Displaying results 1 to 9 of 9.

  1. Location, industry structure and (the lack of) locally specific knowledge
    on the diverging development of rural areas in Germany's East and West
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg

    Some rural regions in Western Germany have experienced a very positive economic development in terms of employment and incomes in the past decade. This development, however, is in sharp contrast to the the enduring economic lag of many rural regions... more

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 507
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    Some rural regions in Western Germany have experienced a very positive economic development in terms of employment and incomes in the past decade. This development, however, is in sharp contrast to the the enduring economic lag of many rural regions in Eastern Germany. This paper seeks to find out, to what extent these differences in employment development can be explained by sectoral patterns and region-specific capacities and capabilities. We employ an extended shift-share regression model that explains the employment development in German districts between 2007 and 2016. The model differentiates between Western and Eastern German regions as well as between urban and rural regions by means of spatial location effects. This specification helps us to capture both: the historically evolved differences inherent in the socialist and capitalist past of Eastern and Western Germany and the varying economic environments in urban and rural areas. The extended shift-share regression confirms that simple industry effects, i.e. linear effects of industry shares, only explain a small part of the differences in employment development between rural regions. Most deviations are instead captured in the competitive share effects (CSE) that represents how employment development in a region systematically deviates from the average development of its industries at national level. Further analyses of the CSE reveal that the manufacturing sector, despite its general loss in employment shares, is of crucial importance for rural prosperity. In this regard, the apparent disadvantage of rural districts in Germany's East can be explained by a lack of locally specific, complementary immobile production capacities and capabilities for manufacturing. These locally specific skills develop endogenously. Urban districts in the East, in contrast, do not have to rely on endogenous factors alone but may overcome their historical disadvantage if they manage to exploit their agglomeration advantages in order to attract knowledge intensive industries and highskilled workers.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/206760
    Series: Working papers on innovation and space ; # 19, 04
    Subjects: rural regions; urban regions; East Germany; West Germany; employment development; structural change; industry structure; spatial externalities; shift share regression
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Biosecurity and disease management in China's animal agriculture sector
    Published: October 2013
    Publisher:  Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Ames, Iowa

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    VS 318
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working paper / Center for Agricultural and Rural Development ; 13-542 (October 2013)
    Subjects: animal health; global public goods; industry structure; public administration
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Gender gaps and the structure of local labor markets
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  School of Economics and Finance, Queen Mary University of London, London

    In this paper we discuss some strands of the recent literature on the evolution of gender gaps and their driving forces. We will revisit key stylized facts about gender gaps in employment and wages in a few high-income countries. We then discuss and... more

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 217
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    In this paper we discuss some strands of the recent literature on the evolution of gender gaps and their driving forces. We will revisit key stylized facts about gender gaps in employment and wages in a few high-income countries. We then discuss and build on one gender-neutral force behind the rise in female employment, namely the rise of the service economy, which is also closely related to the polarization of female employment and to the geographic distribution of jobs, which is expected to be espe- cially relevant for female employment prospects. We finally turn to currently debated causes of remaining gender gaps and discuss existing evidence on labor market con- sequences of women's heavier caring responsibilities in the household. In particular, we highlight how women's stronger distaste for commuting time may feed into gender pay gaps by making women more willing to trade off steeper wage gains for shorter commutes.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/247170
    Series: Working paper / School of Economics and Finance, Queen Mary University of London ; no. 901 (April 2020)
    Subjects: gender gaps; industry structure; local labor markets
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. Industry interconnectedness and regional economic growth in Germany
    Published: 28 April 2021
    Publisher:  Institute for Employment Research of the Federal Employment Agency, Nürnberg

    Urban systems, and regions more generally, are the epicenters of many of today's social issues. Yet they are also the global drivers of technological innovation and thus it is critical that we understand their vulnerabilities and what makes them... more

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    DS 98
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    Urban systems, and regions more generally, are the epicenters of many of today's social issues. Yet they are also the global drivers of technological innovation and thus it is critical that we understand their vulnerabilities and what makes them resilient to different types of shocks. We take regions to be systems composed of internal networks of interdependent components. As the connectedness of those networks increases, it allows information and resources to move more rapidly within a region. Yet, it also increases the speed and efficiency at which the effects of shocks cascade through the system. Here we analyze regional networks of interdependent industries and how their structures relate to a region's vulnerability to shocks. Methodologically, we utilize a metric of economic connectedness, known as tightness, which attempts to quantify the ambiguous notion of a region's internal connectedness relative to other regions. Using industry employment, we calculate the economic tightness of German regions during the Great Recession, comparing it to each region's economic performance during the shock (2007-2009) and during recovery (2009-2011). We find that tightness is negatively correlated with changes in economic performance during the shock but positively correlated with performance during recovery. This suggests that regional economic planners face a tradeoff between being more productive or being more vulnerable to the next economic shock. Finally, we speculate on how these findings from the Great Recession may highlight potential implications of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and suggest future research that would compare outcomes of these two global shocks. Urbane Systeme und Regionen im Allgemeinen sind die Epizentren vieler heutiger sozialer Herausforderungen. Sie sind aber auch die globalen Treiber für technologische Innovationen. Daher ist es entscheidend, dass wir ihre Schwachstellen verstehen und wissen, was sie widerstandsfähig gegenüber verschiedenen Arten von Schocks macht. Wir betrachten Regionen als Systeme, die aus internen Netzwerken von voneinander abhängigen Komponenten bestehen. Wenn die Stärke dieser Netzwerke zunimmt, können Informationen und Ressourcen schneller innerhalb einer Region fließen. Dies kann jedoch auch die Geschwindigkeit und Stärke erhöhen, mit der sich die Auswirkungen von Schocks kaskadenartig durch das System ausbreiten können. Im vorliegenden Beitrag analysieren wir regionale Netzwerke von voneinander abhängigen Industrien und wie ihre Strukturen mit der Anfälligkeit einer Region für Schocks zusammenhängen. Methodisch verwenden wir eine Metrik der wirtschaftlichen Verflechtung ('tightness'), welche versucht, den vielschichtigen Begriff der internen Verflechtung einer Region relativ zu anderen Regionen zu quantifizieren. Anhand von Beschäftigungsdaten auf Branchenebene berechnen wir die wirtschaftliche Verflechtung der deutschen Regionen während der globalen Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise und vergleichen sie mit der Entwicklung der Wirtschaftsleistung der einzelnen Regionen während des Schocks (2007-2009) und während der Erholung (2009-2011). Wir stellen fest, dass ein hohes Maß an tightness negativ mit der Wirtschaftsentwicklung während des Schocks, aber positiv mit der während der Erholung korreliert ist. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass im Rahmen der kommunalen und regionalen Wirtschaftspolitik ein ausgewogener Mittelweg zwischen Produktivität und Resilienz gefunden werden sollte. Abschließend stellen wir erste Überlegungen dazu an, ob diese Erkenntnisse aus der Weltwirtschafts- und Finanzkrise auch auf die Implikationen der COVID-19-Pandemie übertragen werden können.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/234302
    Series: IAB-discussion paper ; 2021, 7
    Subjects: co-occurrence; COVID-19 pandemic; Great Recession; labor dynamics; industry structure; Panarchy; regional science; resilience; workforce; regional policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. A survey of gender gaps through the lens of the industry structure and local labor markets
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    VS 449
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: CEP discussion paper ; no 1688 (April 2020)
    Subjects: gender gaps; industry structure; local labor markets
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Gender gaps and the structure of local labor markets
    Published: April 2020
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    In this paper we discuss some strands of the recent literature on the evolution of gender gaps and their driving forces. We will revisit key stylized facts about gender gaps in employment and wages in a few high-income countries. We then discuss and... more

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    Verlag (kostenfrei)
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    Resolving-System (kostenfrei)
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 4
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    In this paper we discuss some strands of the recent literature on the evolution of gender gaps and their driving forces. We will revisit key stylized facts about gender gaps in employment and wages in a few high-income countries. We then discuss and build on one gender-neutral force behind the rise in female employment, namely the rise of the service economy, which is also closely related to the polarization of female employment and to the geographic distribution of jobs, which is expected to be especially relevant for female employment prospects. We finally turn to currently debated causes of remaining gender gaps and discuss existing evidence on labor market consequences of women's heavier caring responsibilities in the household. In particular, we highlight how women's stronger distaste for commuting time may feed into gender pay gaps by making women more willing to trade o steeper wage gains for shorter commutes.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/216455
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13143
    Subjects: gender gaps; industry structure; local labor markets
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Will there be a concentration of alikes?
    the impact of labor market structure on industry mix in the presence of product market shocks
  8. Will there be a concentration of alikes? The impact of labor market structure on industry mix in the presence of product market shocks
  9. Union bargaining and intra-industry productivity differentials
    theory and evidence from Germany ; conference paper
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  ZBW, [Kiel

    This paper indicates that the extent of collective bargaining coverage in an industry may depend on the differences in firms productivity levels within the industry. Less pronounced differences in productivity levels make it easier to design... more

    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DSM 13
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    This paper indicates that the extent of collective bargaining coverage in an industry may depend on the differences in firms productivity levels within the industry. Less pronounced differences in productivity levels make it easier to design collective wage contracts that are accepted by a wider range of firms within an industry. Higher dispersion in productivity levels gives rise to the use of firm-level wage agreements reached by unions, while coverage by industry-wide contracts is likely to decrease. We measure correlations between productivity variation and collective bargaining coverage in various industries using German linked-employer-employee data from 2000-2008 and find that the share of industry-wide collective bargaining agreements may indeed be negatively correlated with the dispersion of plant productivity within an industry, while the opposite might hold true for firm-level contracts.

     

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    Content information
    Volltext (kostenfrei)
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/79852
    Edition: Preliminary version
    Series: Array ; V2
    Subjects: collective bargaining; trade unions; labor productivity; industry structure
    Scope: Online-Ressource (19 S.)