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Displaying results 1 to 25 of 32.

  1. Milk and milk processing industry in Lithuania
    an analysis of horizontal and vertical integration
    Author: Kedaitiene, Angele; Hockmann, Heinrich
    Published: 2002
    Publisher:  IAMO, Halle (Saale)

    Despite significant progress in recent years, horizontal and vertical integration of the Lithuanian milk sector is not very much advanced. The primary sector is characterised by small-scale farming, the fragmentation of farmland and a low number of... more

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    Despite significant progress in recent years, horizontal and vertical integration of the Lithuanian milk sector is not very much advanced. The primary sector is characterised by small-scale farming, the fragmentation of farmland and a low number of livestock per farms. These features cause severe problems regarding the restructuring and modernisation of agricultural production since only a few farmers possess the capital resources to conduct necessary investments. However, despite the unfavourable conditions Lithuanian milk producers have made significant improvements concerning milk quality. In the last decade, the processing sector was due to drastic concentration processes. These were induced by the strong competition processes on the milk market and fostered by foreign direct investors. Today, the market is dominated by three companies. About ten enterprises supply almost the entire market of dairy products. The main mode of governance in the market for raw milk is contractual arrangements. The spot market of strong vertical control are unimportant. The basic rules of the contracts like duration or payment scheme are set by the Ministry of Agriculture, others, especially prices, are negotiated individually between farmer and processor. Because of advantages in terms of transport and transaction costs processors provide better conditions to large agricultural producers. Often the processors try to strengthen their relationships with large-scale producers by providing credits for farm modernisation and/or foodstuff. Most small producers do not deliver directly to processors but to milk collection centres. In general, these are owned by processors. So far, only a few farmers co-operatives have been established in order to take this function. ...

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/28593
    Series: Discussion paper / Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe ; 44
    Subjects: Milchverarbeitung; Lieferantenmanagement; Horizontale Integration; Vertikale Integration; Litauen; Horizontal and vertical integration; Lithuanian milk sector; foreign trade; consumption
    Scope: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 34 S., 0,14 MB), graph. Darst.
  2. Georgia's economic performance
    bright spots and remaining challenges
    Author: Akhvlediani, Tinatin; Havlik, Peter
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  Verein "Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche" (wiiw), Wien

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/204272
    Series: Policy notes and reports ; 29 (April 2019)
    Subjects: Georgia; foreign trade; foreign direct investment; economic integration
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Colombian liberalization and integration to world trade markets: much ado about nothing
    = Apertura e integración de Colombia a la red mundial de comercio
    Author: Cepeda L., Freddy; Gamboa-Estrada, Fredy; León, Carlos; Rincón Castro, Hernán
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  Banco de la Republica Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia

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    Language: English
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    Series: Borradores de economía ; no. 1065 (2019)
    Subjects: Colombia; foreign trade; centrality; network analysis; world trade network
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The economic impact of EU free trade agreements on Finland and the EU
    Author: Nilsson-Hakkala, Katariina; Kaitila, Ville; Kuusi, Tero; Lehmus, Markku; Wang, Maria
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  Prime Minister’s Office, Helsinki

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    Language: English
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    ISBN: 9789522878144
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    Series: Publications of the Government´s analysis, assessment and research activities ; 2019, 70
    Subjects: EU; free trade agreements; Finland; foreign trade; economic impact; research; research activities
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 140 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Tariffs, trade, and economic growth in Sweden 1858–1913
    Author: Persarvet, Viktor
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala

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    Language: English
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    ISBN: 9789151307633
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    Series: Uppsala studies in economic history ; 119
    Subjects: foreign trade; international trade; tariffs; effective rate of protection; trade policy; protectionism; taxes; Sweden; economic growth; structural change; industrialization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 216 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Sanctions and counter-sanctions
    what are their economic effects in Russia and elsewhere?
    Author: Korhonen, Iikka
    Published: 13 September 2019
    Publisher:  BOFIT, Helsinki

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    hdl: 123456789/16334
    hdl: 10419/251685
    Series: BOFIT policy brief ; 2019, no. 2
    Subjects: sanctions; foreign trade; capital flows; oil price; Russia
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 14 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Russia and the slowdown of the Chinese economy
    Author: Nuutilainen, Riikka; Rautava, Jouko
    Published: 17 January 2020
    Publisher:  BOFIT, Helsinki

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    hdl: 123456789/16551
    hdl: 10419/251689
    Series: BOFIT policy brief ; 2020, no. 2
    Subjects: Russian economy; Chinese economy; economic relations; foreign trade; energy; economic growth
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Foreign trade and sustainable business practices - new evidence from Ghana
    Author: Ackah, Charles; Görg, Holger; Hanley, Aoife; Hornok, Cecília
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Kiel Centre for Globalization, [Kiel]

    Foreign trade and sustainability is high on the political agenda. German and international policy-makers undertake increasing efforts to use trade policy more effectively for sustainable development purposes. A growing toolbox is meant to facilitate... more

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    Foreign trade and sustainability is high on the political agenda. German and international policy-makers undertake increasing efforts to use trade policy more effectively for sustainable development purposes. A growing toolbox is meant to facilitate these policy aims, including sustainability chapters in trade agreements, sustainable value chains and sustainability standards. Meanwhile, scientific evidence on how trading activities impact on firms' sustainable behaviour is limited. This question is addressed by researchers from the Kiel Institute for the World Economy and the University of Ghana in a recent study 'Foreign Trade and Sustainable Development in Ghana'. The study provides new empirical evidence on the link between business sustainability and firms' engagement in international trade, using a survey database for more than 400 Ghanaian firms spanning 2013-2015, plus four case studies based on interviews. This unique information source provides a previously untapped wealth of information on various aspects of business sustainability in a Sub-Saharan African country. The key findings of the study are summarized in this policy paper.

     
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    hdl: 10419/225530
    Series: KCG policy paper ; no. 6 (August 2020)
    Subjects: Africa; Ghana; foreign trade; sustainability
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 8 Seiten)
  9. Coronavirus crisis
    trade effects for the Iberian and Visegrád countries
    Author: Éltető, Andrea
    Published: May 2020
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic and Regional Studies HAS, Budapest

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    ISBN: 9789633017005
    Series: Working papers / Institute for World Economics ; Nr. 260
    Subjects: Visegrád countries; Spain; Portugal; foreign trade; global value chains
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. The transnational impacts of global climate change for Germany
    abridged version
    Author: Peter, Martin; Guyer, Madeleine; Füssler, Jürg Stephan
    Published: January 2021
    Publisher:  Umweltbundesamt, Dessau-Roßlau

    Climate change will affect the frequency, intensity and regional occurrence of extreme weather events and lead to gradual climatic changes. Although climate change impacts appear locally at first, they spread beyond political borders due to the... more

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    Climate change will affect the frequency, intensity and regional occurrence of extreme weather events and lead to gradual climatic changes. Although climate change impacts appear locally at first, they spread beyond political borders due to the global physical and economic interconnectedness. Depending on a country’s extent of global interdependence and interaction with vulnerable countries, it may face the indirect consequences of the international impacts of climate change. This report provides an overview of the potential impact chains of global climate change on the German economy. The project used a qualitative analysis to consider the influences of climate change on the German economy and then evaluated their relevance. Some impact chains were subsequently selected to be used in a global macroeconomic model that would investigate the exposure and relevance of climate change-induced disruptions. Lastly, adaptation strategies and measures were developed that would be suitable to be deployed against the most significant global effects.

     
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    Contributor: Friedl, Birgit (MitwirkendeR); Knittel, Nina (MitwirkendeR); Wegener, Bachner Gabriel (MitwirkendeR); Schwarze, Reimund (MitwirkendeR); Haße, Clemens (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Project No. (FKZ) 3716481020
    FB000266/KURZ,ENG
    Series: Climate change ; 2021, 03
    Departmental Research Planof the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
    Subjects: climate change; climate impacts; foreign trade; adaption to the impacts of climate change; world economy; German Climate Change Adaption Strategy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (40 ungezählte Seiten, 1,32 MB), Illustration, Diagramme
    Notes:

    Report completed in: July 2020

    This document is the translated and abridged version from Climate Change 15/2020 “Folgen des globalen Klimawandels für Deutschland – Abschlussbericht“ in German language
  11. Learn German, buy German?
    language-learning opportunities abroad and exports
    Author: Fieles-Ahmad, Omar Martin; Huber, Matthias
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany

    Using data on the presence of the Goethe Institutes (GI) in 134 importer countries between 1978 and 2014, we study the effect that language learning opportunities abroad have on German exports. We employ a gravity model of trade with a single... more

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    Using data on the presence of the Goethe Institutes (GI) in 134 importer countries between 1978 and 2014, we study the effect that language learning opportunities abroad have on German exports. We employ a gravity model of trade with a single exporter and use the Poisson-Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator to measure the relationship of interest. To gauge the importance of potential reverse causality, we also estimate the effect that institutes have on Swiss exports. Our findings for both Germany and German-speaking Swiss cantons show that institutes do stimulate exports to GI-hosting countries, but that this effect is confined to institutes offering language training services, which suggests that language requirements and acquisition underlie the positive link found between institutes and exports. This reading of our findings receives further support in additional explorations, where we study exports differentiated by Rauch (1999) product categories to account for differing communication requirements in trading.

     
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    hdl: 10419/243079
    Series: Jena economic research papers ; # 2021, 008
    Subjects: gravity model; foreign trade; language; cultural institute
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Lietuvos eksporto konkurencingumas: ne kainos veiksniai
    = Non price competitiveness of Lithuanian exports
    Author: Kostinas, Antonas; Vilniškis, Mantas
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Bank of Lithuania, Vilnius

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    Language: Lithuanian
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 11159/5539
    Series: Occasional paper series / Lietuvos Bankas ; no. 38 (2021)
    Subjects: export; foreign trade; external sector; competitiveness; cost competitiveness; non-cost competitiveness; real effective exchange rates
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten)
  13. How far is China from hitting its climate targets?
    an overview of China’s energy sector
    Author: Kaaresvirta, Juuso; Kerola, Eeva; Nuutilainen, Riikka; Parviainen, Seija; Solanko, Laura
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  BOFIT, Helsinki

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    Language: English
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    hdl: 123456789/17887
    hdl: 10419/251705
    Series: BOFIT policy brief ; 2021, no. 4
    Subjects: China; energy; oil; natural gas; coal; electricity; renewable energy; production; investment; foreign trade; emissions
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Assessment of the effects and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in The Bahamas
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  United Nations, ECLAC, Santiago de Chile

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 11362/47978
    Series: Coediciones
    United Nations publication
    Subjects: disasters; environment; sustainable development; Covid-19; viruses; epidemics; economic aspects; social aspects; environmental aspects; health; education; housing; tourism; foreign trade; fisheries; transport; water; sanitation services; energy resources; macroeconomics; development policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 167 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Assessing the dependency of Finland and the EU on Chinese imports
    Author: Kaaresvirta, Juuso; Kerola, Eeva; Nuutilainen, Riikka
    Published: 31 March 2023
    Publisher:  Bank of Finland, BOFIT, Bank of Finland Institute for Emerging Economies, Helsinki

    This policy brief provides an overview of Finland's dependency on imports from China in both a national and EU context. As trade figures based on value added only provide a rough notion of China's contribution to final consumption, we also consider... more

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    This policy brief provides an overview of Finland's dependency on imports from China in both a national and EU context. As trade figures based on value added only provide a rough notion of China's contribution to final consumption, we also consider import dependence from the goods imports figures of Finnish Customs to assess import dependence directly for specific product groups. As many products of Chinese origin are imported as semifinished goods or components for products finished in another EU country, we break down also the import dependency of the EU on China by specific product groups. We then compare Finland's domestic production of select industrial product groups against comparable imports from China. We analyze Finland's dependence on China for critical raw materials and identify potential alternative sources for key product groups for which Finland and the EU are currently dependent on China.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/270849
    Series: BOFIT policy brief ; 2023, no. 7
    Subjects: China; Finland; EU; foreign trade; imports; dependency
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. The Russian economy amidst the war and sanctions
    Author: Astrov, Vasily; Kochnev, Artem; Stamer, Vincent; Teti, Feodora
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Verein "Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche" (wiiw), Wien

    The marked turnaround in Russia's foreign trade in 2023 exerted strong downward pressure on the Russian rouble, which lost around 30% of its value. Global oil prices were declining in the first half of the year, the EU import embargo on Russian oil... more

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    The marked turnaround in Russia's foreign trade in 2023 exerted strong downward pressure on the Russian rouble, which lost around 30% of its value. Global oil prices were declining in the first half of the year, the EU import embargo on Russian oil depressed prices even further; and on top of all that, Russia lost a large slice of what has historically been its main gas market - the EU. In response to a weakening rouble, the central bank has tightened policy markedly, although inflationary pressures have remained high so far. Otherwise, the economy continues its recovery on the back of domestic demand, driven in large part by (war-related) fiscal stimulus - officially estimated at around 10% of GDP in 2022-2023. Official data suggest that capacity utilisation has reached very high levels, the labour market is extremely tight, and unemployment has plunged to an all-time low. With no end in sight to the war, the current growth trajectory will likely continue for some time, despite the fact that the economy is suffering from increased labour shortages and is falling behind on the technological front, due to the Western sanctions.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/303471
    Series: Russia monitor / wiiw ; 1 (January 2024)
    Subjects: Russia; economic growth; labour market; monetary policy; fiscal policy; foreign trade; inflation; exchange rate; econometric modelling
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    The present report was prepared on 4 October 2023 as the outcome of research cooperation between the Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw, coordinator), the Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW), the Leibniz Institute for Economic Research (ifo) and the Austrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO) on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action
  17. Are Western trade sanctions effective?
    Author: Astrov, Vasily; Teti, Feodora; Scheckenhofer, Lisa; Semelet, Camille
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Verein "Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche" (wiiw), Wien

    Recent high-frequency data suggest a further strengthening of growth momentum, driven by the ongoing tightness of the labour market and the muted response of credit expansion to last year’s monetary policy tightening. At the same time, the short- and... more

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    Recent high-frequency data suggest a further strengthening of growth momentum, driven by the ongoing tightness of the labour market and the muted response of credit expansion to last year’s monetary policy tightening. At the same time, the short- and medium-term fiscal outlook has brightened – despite increased military and social spending. On the external front, imports picked up at the end of 2023, but have suffered more recently due to increased payment difficulties – a result of renewed US pressure on banks from third countries dealing with Russia. The effectiveness of trade sanctions crucially hinges on the degree to which missing high-quality Western goods can be replaced with lower-quality products from third countries. Our calculations suggest that in 2023, the share of sanctioned CHP items that Russia was able to obtain ranged from 60% to 170% of the 2021 level, depending on underlying assumptions regarding the extent of the deterioration in quality.

     
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    hdl: 10419/303476
    Series: Russia monitor / wiiw ; 6 (September 2024)
    Subjects: economic growth; fiscal situation; foreign trade; sanctions; unit value ratios
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Global value chains and equilibrium exchange rate
    evidence from central European economies
    Author: Kuziemska-Pawlak, Kamila; Mućk, Jakub
    Published: March 2024
    Publisher:  Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of Economic Analysis, [Warsaw]

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    hdl: 20.500.12182/1260
    Series: Collegium of Economic Analysis working paper series ; number: 100 (2024)
    Subjects: exchange rate; current account; foreign trade; Global Value Chains
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Hospodársky vývoj Slovenska v roku 2023
    zaostrené na: po búrke smerom k stabilite (?)
    Author: Morvay, Karol
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Ekonomický ústav SAV, v.v.i., Bratislava

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    Language: Czech
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    Series: Pracovné listy EÚ SAV ; 118
    Subjects: economic growth; macroeconomic indicators; labour market; inflation; public spendings; foreign trade; direct foreign investments; convergence; monetary policy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 126 Seiten)
  20. Global value chains and equilibrium exchange rate: evidence from Central European Economies
    Author: Kuziemska-Pawlak, Kamila; Mućk, Jakub
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  Narodowy Bank Polski, Warsaw

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    Language: English
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    Series: NBP working paper ; no. 354
    Subjects: exchange rate; current account; foreign trade; Global Value Chains
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. High-priority battlefield items and television sets
    how sanctions reduced Russians' access to goods
    Author: Korhonen, Iikka; Simola, Heli
    Published: 27 February 2024
    Publisher:  BOFIT, the Bank of Finland Institute for Emerging Economies, Helsinki

    We examine Russian imports since a coalition of countries imposed sanctions on exports to Russia. As Russia no longer publishes detailed statistics on foreign trade, we rely on export data from its largest trading partners (mirror statistics). We are... more

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    DS 686
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    We examine Russian imports since a coalition of countries imposed sanctions on exports to Russia. As Russia no longer publishes detailed statistics on foreign trade, we rely on export data from its largest trading partners (mirror statistics). We are particularly interested in trade diversion, i.e. the extent to which Russian imports have shifted from sanctioning countries to other countries. Our analysis is based on monthly export data and focuses on technology goods (HS codes 84 and 85) utilizing a difference-in-difference approach. Our dataset covers exports to Russia at the HS6-level of disaggregation from 26 sanctioning and 14 non-sanctioning countries during 2018-2023. We find that the exports of sanctioning countries to Russia fell drastically overall, with exports of sanctioned goods declining more than average exports. On the other hand, the export of sanctioned goods to Russia by non-sanctioning countries have risen more than their overall exports, indicating that Russia has managed to replace some goods no longer available from sanctioning countries, but not all of them.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/283904
    Series: BOFIT discussion papers ; 2024, 3
    Subjects: Russia; sanctions; foreign trade
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Promoting districts as export hubs in the export policy
    India's experiment with the one district one product programme
    Author: Gaur, Pankhuri
    Published: November 2023
    Publisher:  RIS, Research and Information System for Developing Countries, New Delhi (India)

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: RIS discussion paper series ; RIS-DP # 285
    Subjects: district exports; ODOP; inclusive growth; India; foreign trade
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. European neighbourhood
    challenges and opportunities for EU competitiveness
    Published: 2012
    Publisher:  Verein "Wiener Inst. für Internat. Wirtschaftsvergleiche" (WIIW), Wien

    Location:
    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    Signature:
    W 1402 (382)
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: Research reports / Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies ; 382
    Subjects: EU-Staaten; Internationaler Wettbewerb; Internationale Wirtschaft; Auslandsinvestition; Internationale Migration; Rücküberweisungen; Europa; EU neighbourhood; European Union; FDI; competitiveness; foreign trade; labour market; migration; remittances
    Scope: I, 153 S., graph. Darst., 30 cm
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  24. Milk and milk processing industry in Lithuania : an analysis of horizontal and vertical integration
    Author: Kedaitiene, Angele; Hockmann, Heinrich
    Published: 2002
    Publisher:  Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO), Halle (Saale)

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  25. Milk and milk processing industry in Lithuania
    an analysis of horizontal and vertical integration
    Author: Kedaitiene, Angele; Hockmann, Heinrich
    Published: 2002
    Publisher:  IAMO, Halle (Saale)

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