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Displaying results 1 to 25 of 37.

  1. Structural transformation and labor market performance in Ghana
    Author: Mpumelelo Nxumalo; Raju, Dhushyanth
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Jobs, Washington, DC, USA

    Structural transformation can spur economic growth and development if it increases overall productivity growth. A labor market environment that enables workers and enterprises to transition smoothly across sectors and into more productive economic... more

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    Structural transformation can spur economic growth and development if it increases overall productivity growth. A labor market environment that enables workers and enterprises to transition smoothly across sectors and into more productive economic pursuits can enhance the effect of structural transformation on economic growth. This study examines Ghana’s recent record of structural transformation and labor market performance. Based on the findings, the study proposes ways to further transform the country’s economy, in a way that stimulates stronger, sustained growth and produces gainful, productive, and inclusive private employment. The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic and associated global economic crisis have posed a substantial setback to Ghana’s economic progress and plans, but these challenges also underscore the need for structural transformation that can both strengthen economic performance and improve labor conditions and outcomes

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10986/34849
    Series: Jobs working paper ; issue no. 55
    Subjects: labor; economic complexity; skills; Employment; enterprises; labor market; structural transformation; labor demand; labor supply; productivity; LABOR SKILLS
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 103 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. A armadilha do paradoxo de tostines
    financiamentos do BNDES por porte de empresas e seu potencial na transformação estrutural das microrregiões do Brasil
    Author: Teixeira, Felipe Orsolin; Nogueira, Mauro Oddo
    Published: outubro de 2024
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    The study aimed to investigate the potential spatial correlation between BNDES funding allocation across different company sizes and the structural transformation of micro-regions in Brazil. Economic complexity indices, both linear and non-linear,... more

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    The study aimed to investigate the potential spatial correlation between BNDES funding allocation across different company sizes and the structural transformation of micro-regions in Brazil. Economic complexity indices, both linear and non-linear, along with productivity in foreign trade, were utilized as proxies for measuring structural transformation in this context. The period used was from 2009 to 2020. The data indicated that the majority of BNDES resources for the manufacturing industry are destined for the South and Southeast regions and, mainly, for micro-regions that are home to large commercial centers. A low-low pattern (low financing intensity and low complexity) was also observed for the microregions in the central part of the country. On the other hand, the econometric results showed the existence of spatial spillover effects of BNDES financing for microenterprises in the structural transformation of the country's microregions.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/306781
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 3049
    Subjects: BNDES; company size; microregions; economic complexity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Price or quality?
    economic complexity and the heterogenous impacts of RER misalignments
    Author: Magacho, Guilherme R.; Rocha, Igor L.
    Published: July 2020
    Publisher:  Cambridge Centre for Economic and Public Policy, Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge, [Cambridge]

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: CCEPP WP ; 20, 04
    Subjects: economic growth; economic complexity; real exchange rate misalignments; price competitiveness; quality competitiveness; technological capabilities; productive capabilities
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten)
  4. A structural ranking of economic complexity
    Author: Schetter, Ulrich
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  Verein für Socialpolitik, [Köln]

    We propose a structural alternative to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI, Hidalgo and Hausmann 2009; Hausmann et al. 2011) that ranks countries by their complexity. This ranking is tied to comparative advantages. Hence, it reveals information... more

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    We propose a structural alternative to the Economic Complexity Index (ECI, Hidalgo and Hausmann 2009; Hausmann et al. 2011) that ranks countries by their complexity. This ranking is tied to comparative advantages. Hence, it reveals information different from GDP per capita on the deep underlying economic capabilities of countries. Our analysis proceeds in three main steps: (i) We first consider a simplified trade model that is centered on the assumption that countries' global exports are logsupermodular (Costinot, 2009a), and show that a variant of the ECI correctly ranks countries (and products) by their complexity. This model provides a general theoretical framework for ranking nodes of a weighted (bipartite) graph according to some underlying unobservable characteristic. (ii) We then embed a structure of log-supermodular productivities into a multi-product Eaton and Kortum (2002)-model, and show how our main insights from the simplified trade model apply to this richer set-up. (iii) We finally implement our structural ranking of economic complexity. The derived ranking is robust and remarkably similar to the one based on the original ECI.

     
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    hdl: 10419/242451
    Edition: This Version: November 2019
    Series: Jahrestagung 2021 / Verein für Socialpolitik ; 136
    CID Research Fellow & Graduate Student Working Paper ; No. 119
    Working papers / Center for International Development at Harvard University
    Subjects: bipartite graph; economic complexity; international trade; laplacianmatrix; log-supermodularity; monotonic eigenvector; ranking
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. The survival of Latvian products and firms in export markets
    Author: Benkovskis, Konstantı̄ns; Jarrett, Peter; Krill, Ze'ev; Tkačevs, Oļegs; Yashiro, Naomitsu
    Published: April 22, 2022
    Publisher:  Latvijas Banka, Riga

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    Language: English
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    ISBN: 9789934578434
    Series: Working paper / Latvijas Banka ; 2022,2
    Subjects: Exports; economic complexity; trade; productivity; innovation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Place-specific determinants of income gaps
    new sub-national evidence from Chiapas, Mexico
    Author: Hausmann, Ricardo; Pietrobelli, Carlo; Santos, Miguel Angel
    Published: July 2018
    Publisher:  Center for International Development at Harvard University, [Cambridge, MA]

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: CID working paper ; no. 343
    Subjects: Chiapas; Mexico; economic complexity; development policy; public-private dialogue; internal migrations
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Technological development, structural change and digital transformation in Africa
    Author: Wohlmuth, Karl
    Published: Oktober 2019
    Publisher:  IWIM - Institut für Weltwirtschaft und Internationales Management, Universität Bremen, Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaft, Bremen

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    Series: Berichte aus dem Weltwirtschaftlichen Colloquium der Universität Bremen ; Nr. 128
    Subjects: digital transformation; technological capabilities; innovation capabilities; ICT capabilities; structural change; economic complexity; country cases from Tunisia, Nigeria and South Africa
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 98 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The decline in entrepreneurship in the West
    is complexity ossifying the economy?
    Author: Naudé, Wim
    Published: September 2019
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Entrepreneurship in most advanced economies is in decline. This comes as a surprise: many scholars have expected an upsurge in entrepreneurship. What are the reasons for the decline? In this paper I first document the extent of the decline in terms... more

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    Entrepreneurship in most advanced economies is in decline. This comes as a surprise: many scholars have expected an upsurge in entrepreneurship. What are the reasons for the decline? In this paper I first document the extent of the decline in terms of entrepreneurial entry rates; the share of young and small firms; and in terms of labor market mobility and in innovativeness. I then critically discuss the explanations that have been offered in the literature, which variously ascribes the decline to either the slowing of population growth, and/or growing market concentration, zombie-firm congestion, slower diffusion of knowledge, and burdensome business regulations. While having merit, these explanations tend to take a supply-side view and moreover fail to explain why the decline in entrepreneurship is largely confined to economies with high levels of economic complexity. I argue that we need to consider the potential of negative scale effects and evolutionary pressures from rising complexity, as well as long-run changes in aggregate demand and energy costs. Whether the decline in entrepreneurship and the ossification of the economy is undesirable, is a point for debate, calling for more research and more attention to entrepreneurship in growth theories.

     
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    hdl: 10419/207427
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12602
    Subjects: entrepreneurship; start-ups; development; economic complexity; growth theory
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The decline in entrepreneurship in the West
    is complexity ossifying the economy?
    Author: Naudé, Wim
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht, The Netherlands

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    Series: Working paper series / United Nations University, UNU-MERIT ; #2019, 030
    Subjects: Entrepreneurship; start-ups; development; economic complexity; growth theory
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Does birthplace diversity affect economic complexity?
    cross-country evidence
    Author: Bahar, Dany; Rapoport, Hillel; Turati, Riccardo
    Published: March 2020
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We empirically investigate the relationship between a country's economic complexity and the diversity in the birthplaces of its immigrants. Our cross-country analysis suggests that countries with higher birthplace diversity by one standard deviation... more

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    We empirically investigate the relationship between a country's economic complexity and the diversity in the birthplaces of its immigrants. Our cross-country analysis suggests that countries with higher birthplace diversity by one standard deviation are more economically complex by 0.1 to 0.18 standard deviations above the mean. This holds particularly for diversity among highly educated migrants and for countries at intermediate levels of economic complexity. We address endogeneity concerns by instrumenting diversity through predicted stocks from a pseudo-gravity model as well as from a standard shift-share approach. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that birthplace diversity boosts economic complexity by increasing the diversification of the host country's export basket.

     
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    hdl: 10419/216390
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 13078
    Subjects: economic complexity; birthplace diversity; immigration; growth
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Turnin' it up a notch
    how spillovers from foreign direct investment boost the complexity of South Africa's exports
    Author: Sørensen, Bjørn Bo
    Published: January 2020
    Publisher:  UNU-WIDER, Helsinki

    Countries' economic complexity, and the associated diversification and sophistication of their exports, is a key determinant of economic growth. Understanding how South African firms learn to export more sophisticated products is, therefore, an... more

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    Countries' economic complexity, and the associated diversification and sophistication of their exports, is a key determinant of economic growth. Understanding how South African firms learn to export more sophisticated products is, therefore, an important policy issue. Using administrative data covering the entire tax-paying population of firms in South Africa, we argue that foreign direct investment can stimulate export upgrading in manufacturing firms. We find that the level of sophistication of the most complex product exported by local firms increases in tandem with the presence of multinational enterprises located in upstream, supplying sectors within the same province. The study is the first within the associated literature to (i) provide firm-level evidence of export upgrading induced by foreign direct investment in Africa, (ii) employ the fitness algorithm to measure export complexity, and (iii) detect spillover effects from foreign direct investment materializing at the top line of domestic firms' export basket.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292567606
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    hdl: 10419/229227
    Series: WIDER Working Paper ; 2020, 3
    Subjects: economic complexity; foreign direct investment (FDI); spillovers; export upgrading; manufacturing; South Africa
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Does birthplace diversity affect economic complexity?
    cross-country evidence
    Author: Bahar, Dany; Rapoport, Hillel; Turati, Riccardo
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    We empirically investigate the relationship between a country's economic complexity and the diversity in the birthplaces of its immigrants. Our cross-country analysis suggests that birthplace diversity is strongly and positively associated with... more

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    We empirically investigate the relationship between a country's economic complexity and the diversity in the birthplaces of its immigrants. Our cross-country analysis suggests that birthplace diversity is strongly and positively associated with economic complexity. This holds particularly for diversity among highly educated migrants and for countries at intermediate levels of economic complexity. The results are robust to accounting for previous trends in birthplace diversity as well as to using alternatives diversity measures. We address endogeneity concerns by instrumenting diversity through predicted stocks from a pseudo-gravity model as well as from a standard shift-share approach. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that birthplace diversity boosts economic complexity by increasing the diversification of the host country's export basket.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/214952
    Series: Array ; no. 7950 (November 2019)
    Subjects: economic complexity; birthplace diversity; immigration; growth
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Does birthplace diversity affect economic complexity?
    cross-country evidence
    Author: Bahar, Dany; Rapoport, Hillel; Turati, Riccardo
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  Institut de recherche économiques et sociales, UC Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 2078.1/223527
    Series: Discussion paper / UC Louvain, LIDAM ; 2019, 20
    Subjects: economic complexity; birthplace diversity; immigration; growth
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Economic complexity and structural transformation
    the case of Mozambique
    Author: Sørensen, Bjørn Bo; Estmann, Christian; Sarmento, Enilde Francisco; Rand, John
    Published: October 2020
    Publisher:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    Mozambique is among the world's least complex economies. By systematically accounting for both supply- and demand-side factors, we identify new products and sectors that can help to diversify and upgrade its economy. In a supply-side analysis, we use... more

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    Mozambique is among the world's least complex economies. By systematically accounting for both supply- and demand-side factors, we identify new products and sectors that can help to diversify and upgrade its economy. In a supply-side analysis, we use network methods from the literature on economic complexity to identify a set of target products that are complex, require productive capabilities useful in the export of other products, and are close to Mozambique's existing productive structure. In a demand-side analysis, we use gravity models to predict the export potential of target products and markets given product-specific trade resistance and geographically dispersed demand. The broad sectoral focus of Mozambique's industrial policy is largely consistent with structural transformation and export promotion. The current prioritization of agriculture, agro-industry, and metals is especially important, while there are unexploited opportunities in machinery, vehicles, and transport equipment. We find some potential for Mozambique to export target products to neighbouring countries.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292568986
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    hdl: 10419/229365
    Series: WIDER working paper ; 2020, 141
    Subjects: economic complexity; trade; export upgrading; structural transformation; Mozambique
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Path dependence in regional structural change
    implications for the EU cohesion and innovation policy
    Author: Buccellato, Tullio; Corò, Giancarlo
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice Italy

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    Series: Working paper / Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Department of Economics ; 2020, no. 14
    Subjects: Resilience; economic complexity; regional disparities
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Structural transformation and labor market performance in Ghana
    Author: Mpumelelo Nxumalo; Raju, Dhushyanth
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Jobs, Washington, DC, USA

    Structural transformation can spur economic growth and development if it increases overall productivity growth. A labor market environment that enables workers and enterprises to transition smoothly across sectors and into more productive economic... more

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    Structural transformation can spur economic growth and development if it increases overall productivity growth. A labor market environment that enables workers and enterprises to transition smoothly across sectors and into more productive economic pursuits can enhance the effect of structural transformation on economic growth. This study examines Ghana’s recent record of structural transformation and labor market performance. Based on the findings, the study proposes ways to further transform the country’s economy, in a way that stimulates stronger, sustained growth and produces gainful, productive, and inclusive private employment. The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic and associated global economic crisis have posed a substantial setback to Ghana’s economic progress and plans, but these challenges also underscore the need for structural transformation that can both strengthen economic performance and improve labor conditions and outcomes

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10986/34849
    Series: Jobs working paper ; issue no. 55
    Subjects: labor; economic complexity; skills; Employment; enterprises; labor market; structural transformation; labor demand; labor supply; productivity; LABOR SKILLS
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 103 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. A diversification strategy for South Asia
    Author: Lian, Weicheng; Liu, Fei; Svirydzenka, Katsiaryna; Zhu, Biying
    Published: July 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    While South Asia has gone a long way in diversifying their economies, there is substantial scope to do more. Some countries - India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka - can build on their existing production capabilities; others - Bangladesh, Bhutan, and the... more

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    While South Asia has gone a long way in diversifying their economies, there is substantial scope to do more. Some countries - India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka - can build on their existing production capabilities; others - Bangladesh, Bhutan, and the Maldives - would need to undertake a more concerted push. We identify key policies from a large set of potential determinants that explain the variation in export diversification and complexity across 189 countries from 1962 to 2018. Our analysis suggests that South Asia needs to invest in infrastructure, education, and R and D, facilitate bank credit to productive companies, and open to trade in order to diversify and move up the value chains. Given the COVID-19 pandemic, investing in digital technologies as part of the infrastructure push and improving education are of even greater importance to facilitate the ability to work remotely and assist resource reallocation away from the less viable sectors

     
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  18. The structural outcomes of investment surges
    Author: Hoyos, Mateo; Libman, Emiliano; Razmi, Arslan
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst

    We study the extent to which countries undergo structural change during and after episodes of sustained investment surges. In particular, we explore the evolution of trade flows, considering (i) exports sophistication or complexity, (ii) exports... more

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    We study the extent to which countries undergo structural change during and after episodes of sustained investment surges. In particular, we explore the evolution of trade flows, considering (i) exports sophistication or complexity, (ii) exports diversification, and (iii) capital goods imports. Using the episodes identified by Libman et al. (2019), we document the heterogeneous nature of these episodes and find that, while imports of capital goods increase, they are not systematically related to changes in sophistication, complexity and diversification of exports, at least for the available sample of 130 episodes over the period 1962-2014. High investment may often be a necessary but not sufficient condition for structural change.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/238157
    Series: Economics Department working paper series ; 2021, 09
    Subjects: Capital accumulation; diversification; economic complexity; development
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten)
  19. A simple theory of economic development at the extensive industry margin
    Author: Diodato, Dario; Hausmann, Ricardo; Schetter, Ulrich
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Center for International Development at Harvard University, [Cambridge, MA]

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    Edition: This version: September 2022
    Series: CID faculty working paper ; no. 416 (September 2022)
    Subjects: economic complexity; economic convergence; export diversifcation; industrial policy; multiple equilibria; poverty trap; product space; structuralchange
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Functional upgrading and downgrading in global value chains
    evidence from EU regions using a relatedness/complexity framework
    Author: Hernández-Rodríguez, Eduardo; Boschma, Ron; Morrison, Andrea; Ye, Xianjia
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  Utrecht University, Human Geography and Planning, [Utrecht]

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    Series: Papers in evolutionary economic geography ; # 23, 16
    Subjects: Global value chains; upgrading; downgrading; economic complexity; relatedness; EU regions
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Gender economic inclusion, governance institutions and economic complexity in Africa
    Author: Emeka, Ekene; Asongu, Simplice; Ngoungou, Yolande E.
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    This study examines the effects of gender economic inclusion on economic complexity in Africa, as well as the moderating role of governance institutions on the relationship between gender inclusion and economic complexity. The analysis was based on... more

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    This study examines the effects of gender economic inclusion on economic complexity in Africa, as well as the moderating role of governance institutions on the relationship between gender inclusion and economic complexity. The analysis was based on the pooled OLS and the system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation techniques, with data from 34 African economies between 2010-2021. The analysis uncovered several important findings. First, from the most robust model (i.e., GMM), positive synergies are apparent because gender economic inclusion promotes economic complexity, and governance dynamics further enhance the positive effect of gender economic inclusion on economic complexity. Second, regardless of the adopted technique, a predominantly positive and statistically significant relationship was identified between gender economic inclusion and economic complexity. Third, it was observed that while governance institutions exhibit a negative relationship with economic complexity, they play a positive role in moderating the relationship between gender inclusion and economic complexity. Fourth, factors such as foreign direct investment inflow, trade openness, and international tourism were identified as potent drivers of economic complexity in Africa, while the impact of human capital appears to be relatively subdued. Consequently, the study emphasizes the need for institutional reforms to improve governance transparency, accountability, and efficiency, alongside advocating for gender-inclusive policies and increased investment in education.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/298273
    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/24, 012
    Subjects: Gender economic inclusion; economic complexity; governance institutions; panel data; Africa
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. From products to capabilities
    constructing a genotypic product space
    Author: Schetter, Ulrich; Diodato, Dario; Protzer, Eric; Neffke, Frank; Hausmann, Ricardo
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Utrecht University, Human Geography and Planning, [Utrecht]

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    Series: Papers in evolutionary economic geography ; # 24, 19
    Subjects: product space; economic complexity; economic convergence; export diversification; industrial policy; poverty trap; structural change
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Multidimensional economic complexity
    how the geography of trade, technology, and research explain inclusive green growth
    Author: Stojkoski, Viktor; Koch, Philipp; Hidalgo, César A.
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Utrecht University, Human Geography and Planning, [Utrecht]

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    Series: Papers in evolutionary economic geography ; # 22, 28
    Subjects: economic complexity; inclusive green growth; complex systems
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 103 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Knowledge is non-fungible
    Author: Hidalgo, César A.
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Utrecht University, Human Geography and Planning, [Utrecht]

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    Series: Papers in evolutionary economic geography ; # 22, 29
    Subjects: knowledge; non-fungible; economic complexity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. The policy implications of economic complexity
    Author: Hidalgo, César A.
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Utrecht University, Human Geography and Planning, [Utrecht]

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    Series: Papers in evolutionary economic geography ; # 22, 30
    Subjects: economic complexity; economic policy; structural change
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten), Illustrationen