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  1. Decency of primary occupations in the Indian fishing industry
    Author: Rajeev, Meenakshi; Nagendran, Pranav
    Published: [2018]
    Publisher:  kassel university press GmbH, [Kassel]

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    ISBN: 9783737604536
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    Series: ICDD working papers ; no. 21 (May 2018)
    Subjects: Fisheries; labour conditions; decent work
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Economic development and barriers to (decent) work for women in SSA and MENA
    Author: Stöcker, Alexander; Zintl, Tina
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS) gGmbH, Bonn

    Gender inequality not only leads to poor labour market outcomes for women, both in terms of participation and the type of employment, but is also a constraining factor for economic development worldwide. While there is a sizeable pool of literature... more

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    Gender inequality not only leads to poor labour market outcomes for women, both in terms of participation and the type of employment, but is also a constraining factor for economic development worldwide. While there is a sizeable pool of literature on the underlying barriers to female employment, it remains unclear how these barriers play out across different world regions. This paper discusses and compares the barriers to (decent) work faced by women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It is inspired by the three labour market transitions as countries develop economically over time (paid work, wage work and occupational variety) as presented by Bandiera et al. (2022a). Against this background, we identify the factors that are most helpful in explaining why so many women (i) do not take up any paid work; (ii) cannot find more decent (wage) work; and (iii) are rarely employed in specialized, well-remunerated and highly productive work. We find that labour market outcomes of women in both regions are negatively affected by gender norms, yet in a remarkably different way. Women in the MENA region especially do not often take up paid work at all (first transition) due to strong prevailing social norms and prioritised personal commitments, such as care work and other household chores. Women in SSA are more often detained from finding wage work with better working conditions (second transition). For economic reasons, many African women need to contribute to the household income so gendered labour market barriers, such as care responsibilities and time constraints, frequently push them to accept precarious jobs. Possibilities to get into more specialised occupations (third transition) are slim for women in both our regions of interest, as they tend to continue working in traditionally female-dominated sectors. Yet, in MENA, occupational segregation often arises due to gender norms around appropriate workplace and tasks or transportation, while this link is less pronounced in SSA. Our approach, thus, allows us to compare the barriers to labour market inclusion and advancement that deny women better jobs and a more active role in economic development in different world regions.

     
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    Series: IDOS discussion paper ; 2024, 16
    Subjects: gender equality; labour markets; labour force participation; female employment; occupational segregation; social norms; necessity entrepreneurship; decent work; barriers to employment
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Policy sequences during and after COVID-19
    a review of labour market policy patterns
    Author: Eichhorst, Werner; Marx, Paul; Rinne, Ulf; Brunner, Johannes
    Published: June 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    After an initial policy emphasis on stabilizing jobs and income through job retention and various types of income support measures, more subsequent country responses to the economic shock generated by the COVID-19 pandemic also include policies to... more

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    After an initial policy emphasis on stabilizing jobs and income through job retention and various types of income support measures, more subsequent country responses to the economic shock generated by the COVID-19 pandemic also include policies to support labour market (re-)entry. This policy brief tracks the sequential logic of labour market policies across a sample of countries from all world regions. It shows the temporal overlap of many measures and highlights potential lessons for a future-oriented and more resilient institutional set-up. Although the implementation of policy measures across countries did not follow a clear sequencing as in previous recessions, it is encouraging to see that the latest experiences from policy responses to the COVID-19 crisis already show developments that could be part of a post-pandemic set-up of labour market policies. Some policy responses to COVID-19 also reflect learning from the difficulties and deficits encountered during and after the Great Recession.

     
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    hdl: 10419/273695
    Series: IZA policy paper ; no. 186
    Subjects: work; decent work; employment policy; education; skills; rapid assessment; economic recovery; economic sectors; gender equality; youth; COVID-19; survey
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 12 Seiten)
  4. Job retention schemes during COVID-19
    a review of policy responses
    Author: Eichhorst, Werner; Marx, Paul; Rinne, Ulf; Brunner, Johannes
    Published: June 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    This policy brief provides an update on job retention policies in a sample of 20 countries representing the main world regions as well as the diverse types of job retention schemes, in particular short-time work, furlough and wage subsidy schemes as... more

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    This policy brief provides an update on job retention policies in a sample of 20 countries representing the main world regions as well as the diverse types of job retention schemes, in particular short-time work, furlough and wage subsidy schemes as they have been implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We show the diversity of these policies as well as the available information about their (re-)design as the pandemic evolved up to the most recent period. The policy brief raises main issues regarding the implementation and adaptation of job retention policies and illustrated this with four case studies.

     
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    hdl: 10419/273696
    Series: IZA policy paper ; no. 187
    Subjects: work; decent work; employment policy; education; skills; rapid assessment; economic recovery; economic sectors; gender equality; youth; COVID-19; survey
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Promoting youth employment during COVID-19
    a review of policy responses
    Author: Eichhorst, Werner; Marx, Paul; Rinne, Ulf; Brunner, Johannes
    Published: June 2022
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Economic and social disruptions caused by the COVID-19 crisis have particularly affected younger people, and therefore policy should respond with measures, programmes and initiatives targeted at this population group. Next to broader labour market... more

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    Economic and social disruptions caused by the COVID-19 crisis have particularly affected younger people, and therefore policy should respond with measures, programmes and initiatives targeted at this population group. Next to broader labour market and economic measures, which ultimately also benefit younger people, youth-targeted measures are needed given the specific impacts of the pandemic and resulting challenges. Against this background, this policy brief gives an overview on actual policy responses in the area of youth employment during the COVID-19 crisis in 20 selected countries. If such measures are implemented, they share the common goals of reducing the negative impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on younger workers and avoiding long-term scarring effects. However, the precise nature, extent and scope of such measures substantially differ across countries. Given the fragility and large uncertainty of economic recovery that is still present in early 2022, broader policy support continues to be needed, including specific policy measures targeting youth.

     
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    hdl: 10419/273697
    Series: IZA policy paper ; no. 188
    Subjects: work; decent work; employment policy; education; skills; rapid assessment; economic recovery; economic sectors; gender equality; youth; COVID-19; survey
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten)
  6. The footwear industry and plastic recycling
    a case of circular economy and green jobs in Yucatán, México
    Author: Hernández-Cuevas, Francisco Iván; Pérez-Herrera, Norma Elena; Becerril-García, Javier; Perera-Rios, Javier Humberto; Sosa, Allan
    Published: 11/2021
    Publisher:  kassel university press, Kassel, Germany

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    ISBN: 9783737609296
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    Series: ICDD Working Papers ; no. 36 (Nov. 2021)
    Subjects: circular economy; environmental health; decent work; toxicity; green jobs
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Why should we integrate income and employment support?
    a conceptual and empirical investigation
    Author: Asenjo, Antonia; Escudero, Verónica; Liepmann, Hannah
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    The integration of active labour market policies within income support schemes - such as unemployment insurance and social assistance - has been a key component of social protection in high-income countries since the 1990s, with a rich literature... more

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    The integration of active labour market policies within income support schemes - such as unemployment insurance and social assistance - has been a key component of social protection in high-income countries since the 1990s, with a rich literature reviewing its effects and implementation characteristics. More recently, this approach has spread beyond high-income economies, and is prominent today in many middle-income economies. Yet, despite the increasing adoption of integrated approaches, their conceptual and practical applications have not been studied in detail outside of high-income countries. This paper conceptualizes, for the first time, the implementation of integrated approaches, focusing on low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We first develop a conceptual framework to understand how integrated policies can address labour market challenges, exploring the theoretical effects they exert on selected labour market and social dimensions. We then contrast these theoretical expectations with findings from the empirical literature on the effectiveness of integrated approaches. While many empirical studies find positive effects across different labour market dimensions, this is evidently not always the case. To reconcile this discrepancy, we investigate the design and implementation of integrated approaches across LMIC and identify factors which contribute to their effectiveness.

     
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    ISBN: 9789220374412; 9789220374429; 9789220374443; 9789220374436
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    hdl: 10419/263133
    Series: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 72 (July 2022)
    Subjects: decent work; employment; informal employment; employment policy; employment creation; employment services; unemployment; conditions of employment; remuneration; low wages; social assistance; unemployment benefits; training; skills; lifelong learning; inequality; poverty; working poor; enterprise creation; household income; informal economy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. How corporate social responsibility and sustainable development functions impact the workplace
    a review of the literature
    Author: Gond, Jean-Pascal; Augustine, Grace; Shin, Hyemi; Tirapani, Alessandro; Mosonyi, Szilvia
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    This report sets out to analyse the emergence and distinctive impact of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development (CSR/SD) functions and professionals within organizations. By evaluating the literature on this topic, it seeks to... more

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    This report sets out to analyse the emergence and distinctive impact of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development (CSR/SD) functions and professionals within organizations. By evaluating the literature on this topic, it seeks to clarify how leveraging the already established CSR/SD functions and professionals across organizations can contribute to the International Labour Organization's (ILO) objective of achieving a future of work that provides decent and sustainable work opportunities for all. An extensive and integrative review of the academic literature was undertaken and an interview with a panel of academic experts conducted in order to highlight various aspects of CSR/SD functions and professionals. The focus was on three core topics: the embedding of CSR/SD functions and professionals (Topic #1); their role in managing stakeholder relations (Topic #2); and, more specifically, their contribution to the shaping of interactions with employees and trade unions (Topic #3). While CSR and SD have different historical roots, the two concepts overlap significantly. The umbrella term "CSR/SD" is therefore used throughout the report. "CSR/SD" itself is defined as encompassing corporate interactions with society and in particular with the multiple stakeholder groups from the corporate environment. "CSR/SD professionals" are defined as organizational actors either working within CSR/SD functions or whose role and activities at least have to do with managing CSR/SD issues. These functions are not a new phenomenon: a first wave emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Renewed managerial interest in CSR/SD matters triggered the second wave in the 1990s, which was, paradoxically perhaps, strengthened by the 2008 financial crisis.

     
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    ISBN: 9789220374146; 9789220374153; 9789220374160; 9789220374177
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    hdl: 10419/263132
    Series: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 71 (July 2022)
    Subjects: decent work; future of work; social dialogue; human resources development; management development; public private partnerships; sustainable development; business; corporate responsibility; enterprise development; multinational enterprises; business strategy; private sector; governance; research
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 85 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. A global analysis of worker protest in digital labour platforms
    Author: Bessa, Ioulia; Joyce, Simon; Neumann, Denis; Stuart, Mark; Trappmann, Vera; Umney, Charles
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    This paper presents findings from the Leeds Index of Platform Labour Protest, a database of platform worker protest events around the world which gathers data from online news media reports and other online sources. For the period January 2017 to... more

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    This paper presents findings from the Leeds Index of Platform Labour Protest, a database of platform worker protest events around the world which gathers data from online news media reports and other online sources. For the period January 2017 to July 2020, we identified 1,271 instances of worker protest in four platform sectors: ride-hailing, food delivery, courier services and grocery delivery. Our results show that the single most important cause of platform worker protest is pay, with other protested issues including employment status, and health and safety. In most global regions, strikes, log-offs and demonstrations predominated as a form of protest. Furthermore, platform worker protests showed a strong tendency to be driven from below by worker self-organization, although trade unions also had an important presence in some parts of the world. From the four platform sectors examined, ride-hailing and food delivery accounted for most protest events. Although the growth of platform worker organization is remarkable, formal collective bargaining is uncommon, as is formal employment, with ad hoc self-organized groups of workers dominating labour protest across the different sectors, particularly in the global South.

     
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    ISBN: 9789220372449; 9789220372456; 9789220372463; 9789220372470
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    hdl: 10419/263131
    Series: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 70 (July 2022)
    Subjects: decent work; future of work; precarious employment; self employment; digital labour; employment security; conditions of employment; remuneration; labour disputes; trade unions; gig economy; workers rights
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. The current state of research on the two-way linkages between productivity and well-being
    Author: Sharpe, Andrew; Fard, Shahrzad Mobasher
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    Interest in the topic of well-being has burgeoned in recent years as the weaknesses of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita as a proxy for well-being have become more apparent. At the same time, the global economy has experienced a productivity... more

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    Interest in the topic of well-being has burgeoned in recent years as the weaknesses of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita as a proxy for well-being have become more apparent. At the same time, the global economy has experienced a productivity slowdown. Since productivity growth is recognized as being by far the most important long-term source of sustainable gains in living standards, this development has implications for the future of living standards around the world. These two developments raise a number of issues related to the two-way linkages between productivity and well-being. First, does slower productivity growth constitute a significant threat to the betterment of the well-being of the world's population, and, if so, by how much? Second, given that many indicators of well-being can have positive effects on productivity, should one aspect of any strategy to revive productivity growth be to focus on policies that improve well-being? The objective of this report is to survey the current state of research on the two-way linkages between productivity and well-being.

     
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    ISBN: 9789220367773; 9789220367780; 9789220367797; 9789220367803
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    hdl: 10419/263119
    Series: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 56 (March 2022)
    Subjects: Produktivität; Sozialer Indikator; Soziale Lage; Lebensqualität; Zufriedenheit; Gesundheit; Lohn; Theorie; decent work; future of work; employment; quality of working life; productive development; productivity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (44 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Gesehen am 09.08.2022
  11. (Un)employment and skillsformation in Chile
    an explorationof the effects of training in labourmarket transitions
    Author: Bogliaccini, Juan A.; Madariaga, Aldo; Rojas Peralta, Miski; Marzoa, Soledad
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    Labour markets are currently undergoing tremendous challenges. Automation, skilled-biased technological change, or offshoring are transforming challenges and opportunities for workers. In this context, international organizations have highlighted the... more

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    Labour markets are currently undergoing tremendous challenges. Automation, skilled-biased technological change, or offshoring are transforming challenges and opportunities for workers. In this context, international organizations have highlighted the crucial role of labour market policies and institutions, particularly but not exclusively re-training and skills formation policies, to cope with the said transformations and allow individuals to better adapt and benefit from them (for example, ILO 2017; OECD 2019). Existing research on the effects of labour market changes and skills formation has concentrated on advanced economies. There is limited knowledge about the impact of skills formation and training in Latin America (ILO 2016), in part due to a lack of information and data on training programmes, particularly longitudinal data. In this paper, we analyse the effects of training on labour market transitions in Chile, using available longitudinal data. We focus on the transitions from unemployment to employment and between different types of employment. Using individual-level panel data spanning seven years of individuals' work trajectories and training instances, we estimate the average effect of attending training courses while unemployed on individuals' yearly ratio of unemployment. In addition to this, we explore whether training improves the probability of workers changing occupational categories. Our results suggest that there is a small but still significantly positive effect of training in reducing post-training unemployment events. For employed workers, results show how training occurs mostly among highly educated workers or workers in very specific occupations, which limits the potential equalizing effects of training policies.

     
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    ISBN: 9789220368626; 9789220368633; 9789220368640; 9789220368657
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    hdl: 10419/263120
    Series: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 57 (March 2022)
    Subjects: decent work; future of work; employment; unemployment; quality of working life; productive development; productivity
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Modos de financiar una recuperación de la crisis de la COVID-19 centrada en las personas y una acción decisiva contra el cambio climático en todo el mundo
    el momento de la verdad de la cooperación internacional en el siglo XXI
    Author: Samans, Richard
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    International cooperation and financing for development in particular face a moment of truth. A lack of national capacity to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change anywhere is a threat to the security and well-being of people everywhere. The... more

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    International cooperation and financing for development in particular face a moment of truth. A lack of national capacity to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change anywhere is a threat to the security and well-being of people everywhere. The most feasible way to mobilize the large additional sums required to advance a fully inclusive, human-centred recovery from the pandemic and a rapid acceleration of climate action on a worldwide basis - including in resource-constrained low-and lower-middle-income countries - is for the international community to apply the public capital it has already invested in the International Monetary Fund and multilateral development banksmore efficiently and expansively. This could be achieved by applying the balance sheets and tools of these institutions just as imaginatively for such common purposes as those of central banks and treasuries in advanced countries have been applied for domestic purposes during the pandemic. The paper proposes a set of initiatives to this end in order to fully fund the WHO ACT-A/COVAX Initiative, adequately resource debt relief and restructuring, social protection floors and job-rich sustainable infrastructure and industry in these countries, and finance a global effort to avoid a lock-in of greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired power generation, which represents the single largest and most time sensitive aspect of the climate action required to achieve the goals of the Paris climate agreement. This fuller utilization of the existing international financial architecture to implement multilaterally agreed objectives would generate an average increase in annual external flows of about 4% of GDP to 82 poorer developing countries during the next seven years, exceeding the Marshall Plan's support of Europe's efforts to "build back better" from World War II, while using such additional international assistance in a similar manner to generate complementary increases in domestic resource mobilization.

     
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    Language: Spanish
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    ISBN: 9789220355626; 9789220355633; 9789220355640
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    hdl: 10419/265582
    Series: Documento de trabajo de la OIT / Organización Internacional del Trabajo ; 40 (Octubre 2021)
    Subjects: decent work; future of work; social protection; development cooperation; economic recovery; international monetary system; international cooperation; multilateral system; COVID-19; climate change
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Liberalización del comercio, resultados del mercado laboral y Trabajo Decente en México
    el caso de las industrias automotriz y textil
    Author: Moreno-Brid, Juan Carlos; Gómez Tovar, Rosa; Sánchez Gómez, Joaquín; Gómez Rodríguez, Lizzeth
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

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    ISBN: 9789220359174; 9789220359181; 9789220359198
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    hdl: 10419/265583
    Series: Documento de trabajo de la OIT / Organización Internacional del Trabajo ; 36 (12/2021)
    Subjects: decent work; trade liberalization; value chains
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Trade and labour market outcomes
    theory and evidence at the firm and worker levels
    Author: Aleman-Castilla, Benjamin
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    The literature on the impact of trade on labour market outcomes has experienced a remarkable evolution in recent decades. Theory has moved on from oversimplified to more comprehensive models that take into account previously disregarded... more

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    The literature on the impact of trade on labour market outcomes has experienced a remarkable evolution in recent decades. Theory has moved on from oversimplified to more comprehensive models that take into account previously disregarded characteristics of firms and of product and labour markets, such as firm heterogeneity and labour market frictions. Thanks mainly to the availability of higher-quality data, greater computational capacity and improved econometric techniques, an increasing number of empirical studies provide valuable feedback that can be used for the continuous enhancement of the underlying theory. This working paper surveys the literature on the impact of international trade on firms and workers, presenting the main theoretical and methodological frameworks, including the assumptions on which these are based and the results obtained. It also discusses briefly the challenges that need to be addressed in future research, such as the collection of more and even higher-quality data, and the development of new statistical indicators that better reflect the dimensions of decent work.

     
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    ISBN: 9789220334249; 9789220334287; 9789220334294
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    hdl: 10419/263078
    Series: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 12 (October 2020)
    Subjects: decent work; labour market; workers; globalization; enterprises; trade liberalization; developed countries; developing countries
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Internships, employability and the search for decent work experience
    Contributor: Stewart, Andrew (HerausgeberIn); Owens, Rosemary Cullen (HerausgeberIn); O'Higgins, Shane Niall (HerausgeberIn); Hewitt, Anne (HerausgeberIn)
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Edgar Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK ; International Labour Office, Northampton, MA, USA

    "This groundbreaking book examines the growing phenomenon of internships and the policy issues they raise, during a time when internships or traineeships have become an important way of transitioning from education into paid work." more

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    "This groundbreaking book examines the growing phenomenon of internships and the policy issues they raise, during a time when internships or traineeships have become an important way of transitioning from education into paid work."

     
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  16. Ride-hailing versus traditional taxi services
    the experiences of taxi drivers in Lebanon
    Author: Yassin, Jad; Rani, Uma
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    Lebanon is experiencing a structural transformation of its economy and labour market, but at the same time has been hit by a series of crises in recent years. In the face of rising unemployment, it is often argued that digital platforms can offer new... more

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    Lebanon is experiencing a structural transformation of its economy and labour market, but at the same time has been hit by a series of crises in recent years. In the face of rising unemployment, it is often argued that digital platforms can offer new employment and income-generating opportunities. The platform economy's role in structural change is not yet clear, but digital labour platforms undoubtedly have significant growth potential. An important concern is whether digital platforms can provide not merely jobs but decent jobs that could help to dampen the effects of rampant unemployment in Lebanon. This paper provides insights into the working conditions of platform-based taxi drivers, examining, among other aspects, the question of flexibility and autonomy at work and algorithmic management practices. It engages critically with the trajectory and development of taxi platforms and shows how they depend heavily on venture capital funds, the "non-uberized" economy, the State and the non-market society in Lebanon. The paper also identifies areas in which regulations are required to harness the potential of digital platforms and other technological innovations to generate decent work opportunities.

     
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    ISBN: 9789220384688; 9789220384695; 9789220384701; 9789220384718
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    hdl: 10419/278240
    Series: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 85 (12/2022)
    Subjects: decent work; future of work; informal employment; digital labour; conditions of employment; work organization; trade unions; social security; gig economy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Women's access to quality work
    a cross-country analysis
    Author: Araar, Abdelkrim; Arunatilake, Nisha; Fontana, Marzia; Gunewardena, Dileni; Jayawardena, Priyanka; Perera, Usha
    Published: June 2024
    Publisher:  PEP, Partnership for Economic Policy, [Nairobi]

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    Series: PEP working paper series ; 2024, 08
    Subjects: women’s labor-force participation; decent work; gender equality; family policies; occupational segregation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. From invisible door to glass ceiling
    barriers to women obtaining decent work in Brazil
    Author: Cabral, Bernardo Pereira; Sousa, Filipe Lage de; Sousa Ferreira, Glaucia Estefânia de; Corrêa Dias, Isabella; Santana, Synthia Kariny Silva de
    Published: May 2024
    Publisher:  PEP, Partnership for Economic Policy, [Nairobi]

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    Series: PEP working paper series ; 2024, 06
    Subjects: Gender economics; family economics; gender equality; decent work; female work; early childhood; childcare
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Digital work in Eastern Europe
    overview of trends, outcomes and policy responses
    Author: Aleksynska, Marijya
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    This paper documents the emergence and growth of digital labour markets in Eastern Europe. It shows that the development of two types of digital work – online work through online labour platforms and offline work mediated by mobile apps – have a... more

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    This paper documents the emergence and growth of digital labour markets in Eastern Europe. It shows that the development of two types of digital work – online work through online labour platforms and offline work mediated by mobile apps – have a different history, root causes and dynamics. While both are enabled by digital technologies, each attracts a different worker profile and results in different outcomes for workers. The paper also reviews policy responses to digital work in three areas: bringing digital work under the scope of existing regulations; ensuring fair competition with workers in traditional forms of employment; and improving formalization and better tax compliance of digital workers. It concludes by discussing how low scope for organizing digital workers, poor law enforcement and proliferation of new modes of digital work remain key obstacles for effective regulation.

     
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    ISBN: 9789220336847; 9789220336854; 9789220336861
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    hdl: 10419/263098
    Series: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 32 (May/2021)
    Subjects: decent work; future of work; non-standard forms of employment; digital labour; conditions of employment; social dialogue; labour standards; digital work; online labour markets; gig economy; labour platforms; work via apps
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (59 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Gesehen am 29.11.2021
  20. Turning up the heat
    exploring potential links between climate change and gender-based violence and harassment in the garment sector
    Author: Anderson Hoffner, Laurel; Simpson, Joni; Martinez-Fernandez, M. Cristina; Patumtaewapibal, Aruch
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    Violence and harassment are widespread issues within the garment sector in Asia, and with the effects of climate change increasing, it is possible that these behaviours could escalate. Using Bangladesh as a case study, this working paper will... more

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    Violence and harassment are widespread issues within the garment sector in Asia, and with the effects of climate change increasing, it is possible that these behaviours could escalate. Using Bangladesh as a case study, this working paper will highlight the intersection between climate change and gender-based violence and harassment by exploring how climate change, measured by increasing heat stress and extreme weather events, could lead to heightened violence being faced by the (mostly female) workers in the sector as a result of its impact on productivity. It is important to note that gender-based violence in the world of work exists independently of climate change; however, evidence finds that violence in the garment sector can be linked to workplace intensity, which is likely to be further stressed by the impacts of climate change, should current trends continue. In addition, gender-based violence tends to increase with higher levels of socio-economic vulnerability, which climate change will also increase. Accordingly, while addressing harmful social norms is key to improving gender equality and reducing gender-based violence and harassment in the world of work, this working paper will explore how climate change will further exacerbate the factors associated with the prevalence of such behaviours within the current context and how, if left unaddressed, this combination of factors could ultimately contribute towards heightened levels of violence and harassment within the garment sector.

     
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    ISBN: 9789220341636; 9789220348185; 9789220348192
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    hdl: 10419/263097
    Series: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 31 (May/2021)
    Subjects: decent work; clothing and textile industries; partnerships; gender; environment; climate change
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (17 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Gesehen am 29.11.2021
  21. Labour conditions in regional versus global value chains
    insights from apparel firms in Lesotho and Eswatini
    Author: Pasquali, Giovanni
    Published: September 2021
    Publisher:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    We explore how decent work varies across Southern Africa apparel firms participating in global value chains (GVCs) and regional value chains (RVCs), respectively. We draw on crosssection survey data from 135 workers in 31 firms across Eswatini and... more

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    We explore how decent work varies across Southern Africa apparel firms participating in global value chains (GVCs) and regional value chains (RVCs), respectively. We draw on crosssection survey data from 135 workers in 31 firms across Eswatini and Lesotho, two large apparel exporters serving both global and regional markets. We use a linear probability model to estimate how measurable standards and enabling rights vary depending on whether supplier firms participate in GVCs or RVCs. Our results show that whilst private audits are significantly more likely to take place among GVCs suppliers, these only reflect higher measurable standards in terms of paid sick leave, maternity leave, and production bonuses. However, no major difference emerges, with workers' conditions being fairly poor across GVCs and RVCs. Importantly, other factors such as ownership, country legislation, firm size, and gender are critical in explaining variations in decent work.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292670856
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    hdl: 10419/248359
    Series: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 145
    Subjects: regional value chains; global value chains; decent work; apparel; Lesotho; Eswatini; firms
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Eine Europäische Arbeitslebensversicherung?
    auf den Spuren des Revolutionärs Immanuel Kant
    Author: Schmid, Günther
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH, Berlin

    Die Arbeitsmarktpolitik auf europäischer Ebene hat durch die Krisen der letzten Jahre wiederholt neue Impulse erhalten. Mit den Initiativen für eine europäische Arbeitslosenrückversicherung, einen europäischen Mindestlohn, eine europäische... more

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    Die Arbeitsmarktpolitik auf europäischer Ebene hat durch die Krisen der letzten Jahre wiederholt neue Impulse erhalten. Mit den Initiativen für eine europäische Arbeitslosenrückversicherung, einen europäischen Mindestlohn, eine europäische Jugendgarantie und - vor kurzem - Europäische Sozialanleihen, ist die EU mittlerweile ein arbeitsmarktpolitischer Akteur, der die nationalen Aktivitäten ergänzt oder unterstützt. Die COVID-19-Krise könnte ein Gelegenheitsfenster sein, den Europäischen Sozialfonds um bestimmte Elemente einer Europäischen Arbeitslebensversicherung weiter zu entwickeln. Das Ziel sollte nicht nur darin bestehen, in europäischer Solidarität auf zyklische oder pandemische Krisen des Arbeitsmarkts zu reagieren, sondern auch die nationalen Kapazitäten zu stärken, um Einkommensrisiken im gesamten Erwerbsverlauf abzusichern. Die Innovation dieses Essay besteht darin, die Grundzüge einer Arbeitslebensversicherung auf die revolutionäre Trias "Freiheit, Gleichheit, Selbständigkeit" von Immanuel Kant zurückzuführen. Kants Konzept der "bürgerlichen Selbständigkeit" - anstelle der "Solidarität" - erweist sich als überaus fruchtbar, um ein institutionell fundiertes Grundrecht auf würdige Arbeit zu begründen. The labour market policy at the European level has been repeatedly given new impetus by the crises of recent years. With its initiatives for a European unemployment re-insurance scheme, a European minimum wage, a European Youth Guarantee, and - most recently - European Social Bonds, the EU has become an actor in the field of labour market policy that complements or supports national activities. The COVID-19 crisis could be a window of opportunity to further develop the European Social Fund through certain elements of work-life-insurance. The aim should not only be to respond in European solidarity to cyclical or pandemic labour market crises, but also to enhance the national capacities for social protection against income risks during the whole work-life course. The innovation of this essay is to argue for a work-lifeinsurance on the basis of Kant's triad "freedom, equality, self-reliance". Kant's concept of "civic self-reliance" - instead of "solidarity" - turns out to be quite fruitful to argue for a right to decent work based on sound legal institutions.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/242943
    Series: Discussion Paper / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Emeriti ; EME 2021, 002 (September 2021)
    Subjects: Europa; Sozialunion; Arbeitsmarkt; würdige Arbeit; Arbeitsmarktpolitik,Löhne/Mindestlohn; Arbeitslosenversicherung; Gerechtigkeit; Arbeitsrecht; Arbeitsverhältnis; Europe; EU; Social Union; labour market; decent work; labour market policy; wages/minimumwages; unemployment insurance; justice; labour law; labour relationship
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten)
  23. Exploring policies and initiatives for online workers in the Philippines
    Author: Serafica, Ramonette B.; Oren, Queen Cel A.
    Published: January 2022
    Publisher:  Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, Philippines

    Digitalization has created new forms of work and work arrangements. While online work offers economic opportunities, it also raises issues in ensuring decent work. As such, the government is increasingly paying attention to the welfare of online... more

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    Digitalization has created new forms of work and work arrangements. While online work offers economic opportunities, it also raises issues in ensuring decent work. As such, the government is increasingly paying attention to the welfare of online workers and the challenges they face. To understand the policy environment shaping online work, this study examines existing and proposed laws in the Philippines and various initiatives relevant to online work using Heeks' overlapping domains of decent work as an organizing framework. It also discusses the issues surrounding platform work, particularly the vagueness of the employment status of online work, which complicate access to social protection and other benefits, as well as tax contribution. Recommendations are provided to help in the formulation of policies and programs that will benefit online workers. These include updating existing social protection programs to accommodate various types of online workers, collaboration between education and training institutions and public-private partnerships to equip online workers for employment, collection of data on the digital economy to guide government programs, and greater social dialogue between the government and stakeholders to improve working conditions of online workers.

     
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    hdl: 10419/256883
    Series: Discussion paper series / Philippine Institute for Development Studies ; no. 2022, 01 (January 2022)
    Subjects: online work; digital work; decent work; platform work
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Labour market projections and time allocation in Myanmar
    application of a new computable general equilibrium (CGE) model
    Author: Jensen, Henning Tarp; Keogh-Brown, Marcus; Tarp, Finn
    Published: December 2021
    Publisher:  United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland

    Myanmar has, in recent years, strengthened its focus on human capital as a development pillar, and introduced legislation and adopted conventions on child labour. But child exploitation continues, including use of forced labour by the military and... more

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    Myanmar has, in recent years, strengthened its focus on human capital as a development pillar, and introduced legislation and adopted conventions on child labour. But child exploitation continues, including use of forced labour by the military and children performing hazardous work. Moreover, Myanmar faces a rapidly closing window of opportunity within which to train its workforce to meet the future challenges of declining population growth and an ageing society. To address the twin challenges of child exploitation and future labour market needs, we study a comprehensive stylized education reform package for child workers aged 10-14. We employ a newly developed dynamically recursive 2021-40 computable general equilibrium model for Myanmar to analyse the economic and household income distribution impacts of a combined child work elimination and education programme allowing current child workers to achieve the same distribution of educational attainment as wider society over a 15-year transition period. While child work elimination would be costly for disadvantaged rural households, the combined programme may leave them better off, though only after a long transition period. At the societal level, the opportunity costs of child work elimination outweigh the long-term economic benefits of education over our 20-year horizon. In spite of the lack of societal economic benefits, our proposed reforms do seem to be advantageous, dealing with the unethical and appalling continuation of child labour practices while improving income distribution in favour of disadvantaged rural households. This would allow Myanmar to move towards the goal of SDG8, 'Decent Work and (Inclusive) Economic Growth', while training current generations to support an ageing Myanmarese society.

     
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    ISBN: 9789292671204
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    hdl: 10419/249486
    Series: WIDER working paper ; 2021, 180
    Subjects: Myanmar; child labour; education reform; decent work; household income distribution
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. Supporting decent work and the transition towards formalization through technology-enhanced labour inspection
    Author: Gallo, Michael; Thinyane, Hannah
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    The development and expansion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has had far-reaching consequences for governance and the world of work, including how labour administrations and inspectorates manage and deliver services. Labour... more

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    The development and expansion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has had far-reaching consequences for governance and the world of work, including how labour administrations and inspectorates manage and deliver services. Labour inspection is an essential part of labour administration and ensures the enforcement of worker's rights and compliance with relevant legal obligations. As such, labour inspection is one of the many different pathways available for reducing informality through inspectorates' mandated information sharing and sanctioning activities. An increasing number of governments around the world are interested in exploring, promoting and unlocking the full potential of new technologies to facilitate the transition from the informal to the formal economy. Research and evidence on effective strategies, programs, and practical applications of ICTs in this area to date is limited and policymakers stand to benefit from a greater understanding of what works in addressing informality through technology. In this working paper, we broadly explore the relationship and intersection between labour inspection, technology, and formalization and provide a detailed case study of Apprise, an innovative mobile solution that was developed to assist inspectors and other frontline responders in their preliminary screening of workers for indicators of labour violations and exploitation. Although additional impact evaluation studies are necessary, the study concludes that technology-enhanced labour inspection shows promise as a central component of integrated strategies targeting reductions in informality.

     
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    ISBN: 9789220357934; 9789220357941; 9789220357958
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/263107
    Series: ILO working paper / International Labour Organization ; 41 (October/2021)
    Subjects: decent work; migrant workers; informal economy; labour inspection; COVID-19; information and communication technologies
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (31 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Gesehen am 07.11.2021