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Displaying results 1 to 25 of 30.

  1. Collateral requirements, cost of credit, and firms’ discouragement from applying for bank loans
    Published: Ottobre 2024
    Publisher:  Arkadia, Cagliari

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    Language: English
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    ISBN: 9788868515447
    Edition: Prima edizione
    Series: Working papers / CRENoS ; 2024, 17
    Subjects: discouraged; denied; credit rationing; loans to collateral value; cost of application; multinomial logit
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Empirical measurement of credit rationing in agriculture
    a methodological survey
    Published: 2003
    Publisher:  IAMO, Halle (Saale)

    Empirical analysis of rural credit market failure has been of key scientific and political interest in recent years. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of various methods for measuring credit rationing of farms employed in the literature.... more

    Leibniz-Institut für Agrarentwicklung in Transformationsökonomien, Bibliothek
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    Empirical analysis of rural credit market failure has been of key scientific and political interest in recent years. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of various methods for measuring credit rationing of farms employed in the literature. Furthermore, based on a common analytical framework entailing a formal model of a credit rationed farm household, the methods are subjected to a comparativeevaluation of their specific strengths or shortcomings. Six approaches are distinguished: measurement of loan transaction costs, analysis of qualitative information collected in interviews, analysis of quantitative information collected in interviews by using the credit limit concept, analysis of spill-over effects with regard to secondary credit sources, econometric household modelling, and the econometric analysis of dynamic investment decisions. The first approach defines credit rationing as the impossibility to take a loan due to prohibitively high, measurable transaction costs on loan markets, which is a price rationing mechanism. All other approaches at least implicitly define credit rationing as a persistent private excess demand in terms of a quantity restriction. The six approaches are more or less closely linked to the neo-classical efficiency concept. An explicit comparison with a first-best solution is impossible in the first three approaches, since they essentially rely on a subjective assessment of borrowers' access to credit, based on qualitative or quantitative indicators. The fifth and sixth approach allow a rigorous interpretation in the framework of neo-classical equilibrium theory. The fourth approach takes an intermediate position, since spill-over on segmented loan markets reveals a willingness to pay with regard to the supposedly less expensive but rationed primary source. Approaches are fairly data demanding in general, usually requiring specific data on loan transactions. Even so, most approaches are applicable to cross-sectional household data. Only dynamic modelling of investment decisions necessitates the availability of panel data, therefore restricting the applicability in low-income and transition countries. With the exception of the first, all methods surveyed might plausibly be used to empirically detect credit rationing. Die empirische Analyse von Marktversagen auf ländlichen Kreditmärkten ist in den vergangenen Jahren von hohem wissenschaftlichen und politischen Interesse gewesen. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, einen Überblick über verschiedene in der Literatur angewandte Methoden zur Messung von Kreditrationierung zu geben. Auf der Grundlage eines gemeinsamen analytischen Bezugsrahmens werden die Methoden darüber hinaus einer vergleichenden Bewertung im Hinblick auf ihre Stärken und Schwächen unterzogen. Es werden sechs Vorgehensweisen unterschieden: die Messung von Kredittransaktionskosten, die Analyse von in Interviews gewonnenen qualitativen Informationen, die Analyse von in Interviews erhobenen quantitativen Information unter Rückgriff auf das Konzept des credit limits, die Analyse von Überschusseffekten im Hinblick auf sekundäre Kreditquellen, ökonometrische Haushaltsmodellierung sowie die ökonometrische Analyse von dynamischen Investitionsentscheidungen. Die erste Vorgehensweise versteht unter Kreditrationierung die Unmöglichkeit, einen Kredit zu erhalten aufgrund von prohibitiv hohen, messbaren Transaktionskosten auf Kreditmärkten. Es handelt sich hierbei um einen Mechanismus der Preisrationierung. Alle anderen Vorgehensweisen definieren Kreditrationierung zumindest implizit als andauernde Überschussnachfrage, folglich eine Mengenbeschränkung. Die sechs Vorgehensweisen sind mehr oder weniger eng mit dem neoklassischen Effizienzkonzept verbunden. Ein expliziter Vergleich mit einer first-best Lösung ist in den ersten drei Vorgehensweisen jedoch unmöglich, da sie auf einer subjektiven Einschätzung des Kreditzugangs beruhen. Die fünfte und sechste Methode erlauben hingegen eine strikte Interpretation im Rahmen der neoklassischen Gleichgewichtstheorie. Die vierte Vorgehensweise nimmt eine Zwischenstellung ein, da Überschusseffekte auf segmentierten Kreditmärkten eine Zahlungsbereitschaft im Hinblick auf die primäre, rationierte Kreditquelle implizieren. Die Methoden erfordern die Verfügbarkeit von geeigneten Datensätzen über Kredittransaktionen. Die meisten Ansätze können allerdings auf Querschnittsdaten angewendet werden. Lediglich die dynamische Modellierung von Investitionsentscheidungen erfordert Paneldaten und beschränkt daher die Einsatzmöglichkeit in Entwicklungs- und Transformationsländern. Mit Ausnahme des ersten können alle Ansätze auf plausible Weise für die empirische Untersuchung von Kreditrationierung eingesetzt werden.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/28579
    Series: Discussion paper / Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe ; 45
    Subjects: Agrarkredit; Kreditrationierung; Ländliches Finanzsystem; Messung; Mikroökonometrie; Theorie; agricultural finance; credit rationing; quantitative analysis; micro-econometrics; Agrarfinanzierung; Kreditrationierung; quantitative Analyse; Mikroökonometrie
    Scope: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 33 S., 0,15 MB), graph. Darst.
    Notes:

    Zsfassung in engl. und dt. Sprache

  3. Credit rationing and French mature SMEs
    a disequilibrium model (2002-2010)
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  Equipe de recherche sur l'utilisation des données individuelles en lien avec la théorie économique, [Marne-la-Vallée]

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    Language: English
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    Format: Online
    Series: Series of ERUDITE working papers ; no 2019, 02
    Subjects: balanced panel; capital structure; credit rationing; disequilibrium model; France; SME
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten)
  4. Sorting in credit rationing
    an elementary survey
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Paris School of Economics, Paris

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    Series: Working paper / Paris School of Economics ; no 2020, 77
    Subjects: single crossing property; screening; credit rationing; performance incentives
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten)
  5. Access to credit in a market downturn
    Published: April 2020
    Publisher:  Centre for Banking Research, Cass Business School, City University of London, [London]

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    Series: Centre for Banking Research working paper series ; WP 20, 02
    Subjects: credit lines; relationship banking; forbearance lending; credit risk; sovereign debt crisis; credit rationing
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Quantifying credit gaps using survey data on discouraged borrowers
    Published: November 2023
    Publisher:  European Investment Bank, Luxembourg

    The credit gap in this study is given by the financing needs of firms that are bankable but discouraged from applying for a loan. To quantify the credit gap, we combine a scoring model that assesses the creditworthiness of discouraged firms with a... more

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    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    The credit gap in this study is given by the financing needs of firms that are bankable but discouraged from applying for a loan. To quantify the credit gap, we combine a scoring model that assesses the creditworthiness of discouraged firms with a credit allocation rule. Our study covers 35 emerging markets and developing economies and uses the 2018-2020 EBRD-EIB-World Bank Enterprise Survey. We show that on average discouraged firms are less creditworthy than successful applicants. Nonetheless, the share of bankable discouraged firms is large, suggesting inefficient credit rationing. The baseline results point to an aggregate credit gap of 8.4% of GDP with significant variation across countries. SMEs account for more than two-thirds of the total, reflecting both their contribution to economic activity and the fact that they are more likely to be credit-constrained.

     

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    ISBN: 9789286156212
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/280955
    Edition: This Version: 20 September 2023
    Series: Economics - working papers ; 2023, 06
    Subjects: credit rationing; discouraged borrowers; firm-level data; EMDEs; financial solvency; loan; credit policy; financial market; small and medium-sized enterprises; economic activity; borrowing; economic survey
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Credit market imperfection, lack of entrepreneurs and capital outflow from a developing economy
    Published: August 2020
    Publisher:  CESifo, Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute, Munich, Germany

    This paper explores the impact of credit market on the entrepreneurs and demand for credit in a credit constrained economy and the resultant impact on the capital flows. In standard trade models the capital flows across countries are explained as a... more

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    This paper explores the impact of credit market on the entrepreneurs and demand for credit in a credit constrained economy and the resultant impact on the capital flows. In standard trade models the capital flows across countries are explained as a result of the rate of return differentials due to presence/absence of capital among the countries whereby capital flows from the capital rich countries to capital poor countries. We show that the rate of return differentials could arise due to presence/absence of entrepreneurs, i.e., low price of capital in autarky may reflect lack of demand for credit due to scarcity of entrepreneurs and not capital abundance and eventually may lead to capital outflow from a capital scarce country. This is a different way of echoing the sentiment of the well-known "Lucas Paradox" which suggests that capital might flow from the poor to the rich countries. We also show the possibility of trade and capital flow being complements and not substitutes, as is usual in standard models.

     

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    hdl: 10419/223587
    Series: CESifo working paper ; no. 8515 (2020)
    Subjects: credit market imperfection; credit rationing; redistribution; entrepreneurs; capitalflows
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Worker debt, default and diversity of financial fragility
    Published: 2011
    Publisher:  Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Düsseldorf

    This paper presents a model addressing the conditions under which financial instability arises in the event of household debt. The model addresses two main cases. First, household debt is affected by functional income distribution. Second, household... more

    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    This paper presents a model addressing the conditions under which financial instability arises in the event of household debt. The model addresses two main cases. First, household debt is affected by functional income distribution. Second, household debt is affected by credit supply and depends on bank performances. The model shows that financial fragility arises through a Fisher effect in the first case and through a debt financed consumption boom in the second case. The model then explores two extensions. First, we raise the question of debt default and its impact on financial instability. Second, we discuss the ability of capital adequacy ratio to limit financial instability. Es wird ein Modell entwickelt, mit dem die Bedingungen beschrieben werden können, unter denen finanzielle Instabilität im Fall von privater Haushaltsverschuldung entsteht. Das Modell beschreibt zwei grundlegende Fälle: Im ersten Fall wird die private Haushaltsverschuldung durch die funktionale Einkommensverteilung beeinflusst. Im zweiten Fall wird die Verschuldung der Haushalte durch das Kreditangebot und die Ertragssituation der Banken beeinflusst. Das Modell zeigt, dass finanzielle Fragilität im ersten Fall durch einen Fisher-Effekt und im zweiten Fall durch einen schuldenfinanzierten Konsumboom entsteht. Das Modell entwickelt dann zwei Erweiterungen: Erstens betrachten wir den Effekt von Bankrotten auf die finanzielle Instabilität. Zweitens diskutieren wir, inwieweit Kapitaladäquanzregeln die finanzielle Instabilität begrenzen können.

     

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    hdl: 10419/105947
    Series: Working paper / IMK, Institut für Makroökonomie ; 2011,5
    Subjects: Private Verschuldung; Finanzkrise; Bankenkrise; Fisher-Effekt; Verbraucherkredit; Theorie; Households debt; booms; commercial banks; credit rationing; Minsky
    Scope: Online-Ressource (41 S.), graph. Darst.
    Notes:

    Zsfassung in dt. Sprache

  9. Empirical measurement of credit rationing in agriculture : a methodological survey
  10. Microfinance as a nexus of incentives
    Published: 2001
    Publisher:  Univ., Fachbereich Wirtschaftswiss., Frankfurt am Main

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    Format: Print
    DDC Categories: 330; 380; 650; 670
    Series: Working paper series / Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften : [...], Finance & accounting ; No. 87a
    Subjects: Kreditrestriktion; LEN-Modell; Corporate Governance; Theorie; Kleinkredit; Mikrofinanzierung; Entwicklungsländer; Kreditrestriktion; Corporate Governance
    Other subjects: (stw)Kreditrationierung; (stw)Prinzipal-Agent-Theorie; (stw)Corporate Governance; (stw)Theorie; (stw)Entwicklungsländer; (stw)Mikrofinanzierung; Development finance; institution building; credit rationing; corporate governance; networks; Arbeitspapier; Graue Literatur
    Scope: 40 S., graph. Darst., 30 cm
  11. Empirical measurement of credit rationing in agriculture
    a methodological survey
    Published: 2003
    Publisher:  IAMO, Halle (Saale)

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    DDC Categories: 630
    Series: Discussion paper / Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe ; No. 45
    Subjects: Agrarkredit; Kreditrestriktion; Ländlicher Raum; Kapitalmarkt; Messung; Mikroökonomisches Modell; Theorie
    Other subjects: (stw)Agrarkredit; (stw)Kreditrationierung; (stw)Ländliches Finanzsystem; (stw)Messung; (stw)Mikroökonometrie; (stw)Theorie; Online-Publikation; agricultural finance; credit rationing; quantitative analysis; micro-econometrics; Agrarfinanzierung; Kreditrationierung; quantitative Analyse; Mikroökonometrie; Agrarkredit; Ländlicher Finanzmarkt; Messung; Theorie; jel:Q12; jel:Q14; Arbeitspapier; Graue Literatur
    Scope: 33 S., graph. Darst., 30 cm
    Notes:

    Literaturverz. S. 29 - 33

  12. Microfinance als ein Geflecht der Anreizprobleme
    Published: 2001
    Publisher:  Univ., Fachbereich Wirtschaftswiss., Frankfurt am Main

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    Language: German
    Media type: Book
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    DDC Categories: 330; 380; 650; 670
    Series: Working paper series / Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften : [...], Finance & accounting ; No. 87
    Subjects: Kreditrestriktion; LEN-Modell; Corporate Governance; Theorie; Kleinkredit; Mikrofinanzierung; Mikrofinanzierung
    Other subjects: (stw)Kreditrationierung; (stw)Prinzipal-Agent-Theorie; (stw)Corporate Governance; (stw)Theorie; (stw)Entwicklungsländer; (stw)Mikrofinanzierung; development finance; institution building; credit rationing; corporate governance; networks; Arbeitspapier; Graue Literatur
    Scope: 38 S., graph. Darst., 30 cm
  13. Microfinance as a nexus of incentives
    Published: 2001
    Publisher:  Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main

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    DDC Categories: 330; 380; 650; 670
    Series: Universität Frankfurt am Main. Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften: [Working paper series / Finance and accounting] Working paper series, Finance & Accounting ; No. 87a
    Subjects: Kreditrestriktion; LEN-Modell; Corporate Governance; Theorie; Kleinkredit; Mikrofinanzierung; Entwicklungsländer; Kreditrestriktion; Corporate Governance
    Other subjects: (stw)Kreditrationierung; (stw)Prinzipal-Agent-Theorie; (stw)Corporate Governance; (stw)Theorie; (stw)Entwicklungsländer; (stw)Mikrofinanzierung; Development finance; institution building; credit rationing; corporate governance; networks; Arbeitspapier; Graue Literatur
    Scope: Online-Ressource
  14. The quantity of corporate credit rationing with matched bank-firm data
    Published: [2016]
    Publisher:  Banca d'Italia Eurosistema, [Rom]

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    VS 450 (1058)
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    Format: Online
    Series: Temi di discussione / Banca d'Italia ; number 1058 (February 2016)
    Subjects: credit rationing; bank-firm relationships; ML estimation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 81 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Household debt and income inequality
    evidence from Italian survey data
    Published: [2016]
    Publisher:  Banca d'Italia Eurosistema, [Rom]

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    Series: Temi di discussione / Banca d'Italia ; number 1095 (December 2016)
    Subjects: income inequality; household debt; credit rationing; great recession; regional data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Does public debt produce a crowding out effect for public investment in the EU?
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  ESM, Luxembourg

    This paper exploits a panel dataset for 26 EU countries, between 1995 and 2015, to examine the extent to which increased levels of public debt have led to reduced public investment, the so-called 'debt overhang' hypothesis. To address endogeneity... more

    Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Universitätsbibliothek
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    This paper exploits a panel dataset for 26 EU countries, between 1995 and 2015, to examine the extent to which increased levels of public debt have led to reduced public investment, the so-called 'debt overhang' hypothesis. To address endogeneity concerns, we use an instrumental variable approach based on a GMM estimation. Our results validate the debt overhang hypothesis and remain robust across various estimation techniques. The GMM specification with year dummies indicates that a 1% increase in public debt in the EU brings about a reduction in public investment of 0.03%. Moreover, we find evidence that: 1) the results are mainly driven by high-debt countries; 2) the negative impact of debt on investment is slightly smaller in the Eurozone than in the entire EU; 3) both the stock and flow of public debt play a role in reducing public investment with the impact of the latter that is found to be more profound.

     

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    ISBN: 9789295085565
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    Series: Working paper series / European Stability Mechanism ; 36 (2019)
    Subjects: debt overhang; credit rationing; public investment; public debt; euro area; credit; international finance; European Union
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. From financial to real economic crisis
    evidence from individual firm–bank relationships in Germany
    Published: 2015
    Publisher:  Oxford University Centre for Business Taxation, Oxford

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    Series: Working paper / Oxford University Centre for Business Taxation ; 15,16
    Subjects: financial crisis; contagion; credit rationing; relationship lending; investment
    Scope: Online-Ressource (51, [4] S.), graph. Darst.
  18. Austerity
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  SAFE, Frankfurt am Main

    We shed light on the function, properties and optimal size of austerity using the standard sovereign model augmented to include incomplete information about credit risk. Austerity is defined as the shortfall of consumption from the level desired by a... more

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    We shed light on the function, properties and optimal size of austerity using the standard sovereign model augmented to include incomplete information about credit risk. Austerity is defined as the shortfall of consumption from the level desired by a country and supported by its repayment capacity. We find that austerity serves as a tool for securing a more favorable loan package; that it is associated with over-investment even when investment does not create collateral; and that low risk borrowers may favor more to less severe austerity. These findings imply that the amount of fresh funds obtained by a sovereign is not a reliable measure of austerity suffered; and that austerity may actually be associated with higher growth. Our analysis accommodates costly signalling for gaining credibility and also assigns a novel role to spending multipliers in the determination of optimal austerity.

     

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    hdl: 10419/106146
    Series: SAFE working paper series ; 78
    Subjects: Haushaltskonsolidierung; Öffentliche Schulden; Gleichgewichtsmodell; Kreditrisiko; Unvollkommene Information; Kreditrationierung; Investition; Wirtschaftswachstum; Staatsbankrott; Theorie; austerity; credit rationing; default; growth; incomplete information; investment; pooling equilibrium; separating equilibrium
    Scope: Online-Ressource (27 S.), graph. Darst.
  19. Austerity
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Study Center Gerzensee, Gerzensee

    We shed light on the function, properties and optimal size of austerity using the standard sovereign debt model augmented to include incomplete information about credit risk. Austerity is defined as the shortfall of consumption from the level desired... more

    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 529 (2014,7)
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    We shed light on the function, properties and optimal size of austerity using the standard sovereign debt model augmented to include incomplete information about credit risk. Austerity is defined as the shortfall of consumption from the level desired by a country and supported by its repayment capacity. We find that austerity serves as a tool for securing a more favourable loan package; that it is associated with over-investment even when investment does not create collateral; and that low risk borrowers may favour more to less severe austerity. These findings imply that the amount of fresh funds obtained by a sovereign is not a reliable measure of austerity suffered; and that austerity may actually be associated with higher growth. Our analysis accommodates costly signalling for gaining credibility and also assigns a novel role to spending multipliers in the determination of optimal austerity.

     

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    hdl: 10419/128089
    Series: Working paper / Study Center Gerzensee ; 14.07
    Subjects: Haushaltskonsolidierung; Öffentliche Schulden; Gleichgewichtsmodell; Kreditrisiko; Unvollkommene Information; Kreditrationierung; Investition; Wirtschaftswachstum; Staatsbankrott; Theorie; Austerity; credit rationing; default; incomplete information; investment; growth; pooling equilibrium; separating equilibrium
    Scope: Online-Ressource (27 S.), graph. Darst.
  20. Austerity
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  CESifo, München

    We shed light on the function, properties and optimal size of austerity using the standard sovereign debt model augmented to include incomplete information about credit risk. Austerity is defined as the shortfall of consumption from the level desired... more

    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 63 (5146)
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    We shed light on the function, properties and optimal size of austerity using the standard sovereign debt model augmented to include incomplete information about credit risk. Austerity is defined as the shortfall of consumption from the level desired by a country and supported by its repayment capacity. We find that austerity serves as a tool for securing a more favourable loan package; that it is associated with over-investment even when investment does not create collateral; and that low risk borrowers may favour more to less severe austerity. These findings imply that the amount of fresh funds obtained by a sovereign is not a reliable measure of austerity suffered; and that austerity may actually be associated with higher growth. Our analysis accommodates costly signaling for gaining credibility and also assigns a novel role to spending multipliers in the determination of optimal austerity.

     

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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/107336
    Series: Array ; 5146
    Subjects: Haushaltskonsolidierung; Öffentliche Schulden; Gleichgewichtsmodell; Kreditrisiko; Unvollkommene Information; Kreditrationierung; Investition; Wirtschaftswachstum; Staatsbankrott; Theorie; austerity; credit rationing; default; incomplete information; investment; growth; pooling equilibrium; separating equilibrium
    Scope: Online-Ressource (27 S.), graph. Darst.
  21. Cross-border liquidity, relationships and monetary policy
    evidence from the Euro area interbank crisis
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Dt. Bundesbank, Frankfurt am Main

    We analyze the impact of financial crises and monetary policy on the supply of wholesale funding liquidity, and also on the compositional supply effects through cross-border and relationship lending. For empirical identification, we draw on the... more

    Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle, Bibliothek
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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 12 (2014,45)
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    Universitätsbibliothek Osnabrück
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    We analyze the impact of financial crises and monetary policy on the supply of wholesale funding liquidity, and also on the compositional supply effects through cross-border and relationship lending. For empirical identification, we draw on the proprietary bank-to-bank European interbank dataset extracted from Target2 and also exploit the Lehman and sovereign crisis shocks as well as the main Eurosystem non-standard monetary policy measures. The robust results imply that the crisis shocks lead to worse access, volumes and spreads (in both the overnight and longer-term maturities). The quantitative impact on interbank access and volume is stronger than on spreads. Liquidity supply restrictions are exacerbated for cross- border lending after the Lehman failure; for banks headquartered in periphery countries, the impact is quantitatively stronger in the sovereign debt crisis. Moreover, the interbank market – unlike other credit markets – allows to exploit the price dispersion from different lenders on identical credit contracts, i.e. overnight uncollateralized loans in the same morning for the same borrower. This price dispersion increases massively with the crisis, and even more for riskier borrowers. Cross-border and previous relationship lenders charge higher prices for identical contracts in the crisis. Importantly, this price dispersion substantially decreases when the Eurosystem promises unlimited access to liquidity at a fixed price in October 2008 and announces the 3-year LTRO in December 2011, with economically stronger effects for borrowers in weaker countries.

     

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    Content information
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783957291110
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/106789
    Edition: This version: November 2014
    Series: Discussion paper / Deutsche Bundesbank ; 45/2014
    Subjects: Interbankenmarkt; Finanzkrise; Zinsstruktur; Kreditrationierung; Bankenkrise; Internationaler Finanzmarkt; Bankenliquidität; Schätzung; Geldpolitik; Eurozone; EU-Staaten; Bankinsolvenz; USA; Interbank liquidity; financial crises; monetary policy; credit supply; credit rationing; information asymmetry; euro area; financial globalization
    Scope: Online-Ressource (49, [3] S.), graph. Darst.
    Notes:

    Datei gelöscht auf Wunsch der Autoren

  22. Business operations of agrodealers and their participation in the loan market in Nigeria
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Internat. Food Policy Research Inst., Washington, DC

    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: IFPRI discussion paper ; 1400
    Subjects: agrodealers; loan demand; credit rationing; value-chain financing
    Scope: Online-Ressource (VII, 55 S.), graph. Darst.
  23. Loan demand and rationing among small-scale farmers in Nigeria
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Internat. Food Policy Research Inst., Washington, DC

    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: IFPRI discussion paper ; 1403
    Subjects: loan demand; credit policy; credit risks; credit rationing
    Scope: Online-Ressource (VI, 52 S.), graph. Darst.
  24. Financial frictions and foreign direct investment
    theory and evidence from Japanese microdata
    Published: 2015
    Publisher:  Kiel Inst. for the World Economy, Kiel

    We use Japanese microdata to examine how financial market frictions affect foreign direct investment (FDI). The Japanese land price bubble and banking trouble in the late 1980s and early 1990s serve as a quasi natural experiment to identify two... more

    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle, Bibliothek
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    Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, Zentralbibliothek
    EWP 1
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 3 (1992)
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    We use Japanese microdata to examine how financial market frictions affect foreign direct investment (FDI). The Japanese land price bubble and banking trouble in the late 1980s and early 1990s serve as a quasi natural experiment to identify two possible transmission channels from financial shocks to FDI: (i) a collateral channel, whereby changes in the value of collateral affect investors’ ability to borrow; and (ii) a lending channel, whereby changes in bank health affect banks’ ability to lend. We find evidence that both transmission channels are statistically significant and economically important.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/107904
    Series: Kiel working paper ; 1992
    Subjects: Foreign direct investment; multinational enterprise; financing; credit rationing; collateral; bank health; Japan
    Scope: Online-Ressource (35 S.), graph. Darst.
  25. Student loans and the allocation of graduate jobs
    Published: 2015
    Publisher:  CESifo, München

    Higher education is not just a signal of innate ability. At least a certain level of educational achievement (degree level, degree mark) is strictly required to perform a graduate job. School leavers fall into two categories, the rich and the poor.... more

    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    DS 63 (5230)
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    Higher education is not just a signal of innate ability. At least a certain level of educational achievement (degree level, degree mark) is strictly required to perform a graduate job. School leavers fall into two categories, the rich and the poor. Ability is distributed in the same way in both groups. Graduate jobs are differentiated by quality. The output of each graduate job-worker match depends on the worker's ability and educational achievement as well as on the quality of the job. Individual wealth and ability are private information. Educational achievement and realized productivity are common knowledge. Graduates and graduate jobs are matched by tournament. In laissez faire, only the rich can buy enough education and enter the tournament. The poor are confined to the non-graduate labour market. This is doubly inefficient because some of the rich buy too much education, and some of the graduates have lower ability than some of the non-graduates. Student loans allow the more able among the poor to buy a higher education, discourage the less able among the rich from so doing, and bring individual education investments closer to their efficient levels. Unless the loan is large enough to allow a poor school leaver to invest as much, and thus get as good a job, as a rich one of the same ability, however, jobs of the same quality are assigned to graduates with the same education but different ability. Competition among employers will then result in poor graduates being paid a higher salary than rich graduates doing the same job.

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/108780
    Series: Array ; 5230
    Subjects: higher education; matching tournaments; credit rationing; separating equilibria
    Scope: Online-Ressource ([1], 27 S.), graph. Darst.