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  1. Envy, Poison, and Death : Women on Trial in Classical Athens
    Author: Eidinow, Esther
    Published: 2015
    Publisher:  Oxford University Press, Oxford

    At the heart of this book are some trials conducted in Athens in the fourth century BCE. In each case, the charges involved a combination of supernatural activities, including potion-brewing and cult activity; the defendants were all women. Because... more

     

    At the heart of this book are some trials conducted in Athens in the fourth century BCE. In each case, the charges involved a combination of supernatural activities, including potion-brewing and cult activity; the defendants were all women. Because of the brevity of the ancient sources, and their lack of agreement, the precise charges are unclear; the reasons for taking these women to court, even condemning some of them to die, remain mysterious. This book takes the complexity and confusion of the evidence not as a riddle to be solved, but as revealing multiple social dynamics. It explores the changing factors—material, ideological, and psychological—that may have provoked these events. It focuses in particular on the dual role of envy (phthonos) and gossip as processes by which communities identified people and activities that were dangerous, and examines how and why those local, even individual, dynamics may have come to shape official civic decisions during a time of perceived hardship. At first sight so puzzling, these trials come to provide a vivid glimpse of the sociopolitical environment of Athens during the early to mid-fourth century BCE, including responses to changes in women’s status and behaviour, and attitudes to particular supernatural/religious activities within the city. This study reveals some of the characters, events, and local social processes that shaped an emergent concept of magic: it suggests that the legal boundary of acceptable behaviour was shifting, not only within the legal arena, but also with the active involvement of society beyond the courts.

     
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    Source: OAPEN
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
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    Subjects: HBLA1; LAQ; HRKP3; JFSJ1; JHMC; HBTB; VXW; Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography; Social & cultural history; Law & society
    Other subjects: Athens; women; magic; religion; law; courts; trial; fourth century; emotions; envy; phthonos; gossip
    Scope: 1 electronic resource (436 p.)
  2. Optimal design of private litigation
    Author: Kaplow, Louis
    Published: 08/2017
    Publisher:  Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA

    This article translates and extends Becker (1968) from public law enforcement to private litigation by examining optimal legal system design in a model with private suits, signals of case strength, court error, and two types of primary behavior:... more

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    This article translates and extends Becker (1968) from public law enforcement to private litigation by examining optimal legal system design in a model with private suits, signals of case strength, court error, and two types of primary behavior: harmful acts that may be deterred and benign acts that may be chilled. The instruments examined are filing fees or subsidies that may be imposed on either party, damage awards and payments by unsuccessful plaintiffs (each of which may be decoupled), and the stringency of the evidence threshold (burden of proof). With no constraints, results arbitrarily close to the first best can be implemented. Prior analyses of optimal damage awards, decoupling, and fee shifting are shown to involve special cases. More important, previous results change qualitatively when implicit assumptions are relaxed. For example, introducing a filing fee can make it optimal to minimize what losing plaintiffs pay winning defendants and to reduce the evidence threshold as much as possible — even though the direct effect of these adjustments is to chill desirable behavior, a key feature absent in prior work

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    Series: Discussion paper / Harvard John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business ; no. 928
    Harvard Law School John M. Olin Center Discussion Paper ; No. 928
    Subjects: : litigation; law enforcement; courts; fee shifting; decoupling; filing fees; burden ofproof
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten)
  3. Judicial politics and sentencing decisions
    Author: Cohen, Alma; Yang, Crystal
    Published: December 19, 2017
    Publisher:  Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA

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    Language: English
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    Format: Online
    Series: Discussion paper / Harvard John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business ; no. 943 (12/2017)
    Subjects: racial and gender disparities; criminal sentencing; courts; judicial politics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten)
  4. Algorithmic risk assessment in the hands of humans
    Author: Stevenson, Megan T.; Doleac, Jennifer L.
    Published: December 2019
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    We evaluate the impacts of adopting algorithmic predictions of future offending (risk assessments) as an aid to judicial discretion in felony sentencing. We find that judges' decisions are influenced by the risk score, leading to longer sentences for... more

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    We evaluate the impacts of adopting algorithmic predictions of future offending (risk assessments) as an aid to judicial discretion in felony sentencing. We find that judges' decisions are influenced by the risk score, leading to longer sentences for defendants with higher scores and shorter sentences for those with lower scores. However, we find no robust evidence that this reshuffling led to a decline in recidivism, and, over time, judges appeared to use the risk scores less. Risk assessment's failure to reduce recidivism is at least partially explained by judicial discretion in its use. Judges systematically grant leniency to young defendants, despite their high risk of reoffending. This is in line with a long standing practice of treating youth as a mitigator in sentencing, due to lower perceived culpability. Such a conflict in goals may have led prior studies to overestimate the extent to which judges make prediction errors. Since one of the most important inputs to the risk score is effectively off-limits, risk assessment's expected benefits are curtailed. We find no evidence that risk assessment affected racial disparities statewide, although there was a relative increase in sentences for black defendants in courts that appeared to use risk assessment most. We conduct simulations to evaluate how race and age disparities would have changed if judges had fully complied with the sentencing recommendations associated with the algorithm. Racial disparities might have increased slightly, but the largest change would have been higher relative incarceration rates for defendants under the age of 23. In the context of contentious public discussions about algorithms, our results highlight the importance of thinking about how man and machine interact.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/215249
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12853
    Subjects: crime; risk assessment; prediction; algorithms; courts
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Terrorism, immigration and asylum approval
    Author: Brodeur, Abel; Wright, Taylor
    Published: September 2019
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Using the universe of individual asylum cases in the United States from 2000-2004 and a difference-in-differences research design, we test whether Sept. 11, 2001 decreased the likelihood that applicants from Muslim-majority countries were granted... more

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    Using the universe of individual asylum cases in the United States from 2000-2004 and a difference-in-differences research design, we test whether Sept. 11, 2001 decreased the likelihood that applicants from Muslim-majority countries were granted asylum. Our estimates suggest that the attacks resulted in a 4 percentage points decrease in the likelihood that applicants from Muslim-majority countries are granted asylum. The estimated effect is larger for applicants who share a country of origin with the Sept. 11, 2001 attackers. These effects do not differ across judge political affiliation. Our findings provide evidence that emotions affect the decisions of judges.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/207460
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 12635
    Subjects: courts; crime; immigration; judicial decision; sentencing and terrorism
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Contingent judicial deference
    theory and application to usury laws
    Author: Guimarães, Bernardo; Salama, Bruno Meyerhof
    Published: [2017]
    Publisher:  CFM, Centre for Macroeconomics, London

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: CFM discussion paper series ; CFM-DP 2017, 29 (September 2017)
    Subjects: adjudication; courts; prohibitions; interest rate cap
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Patent screening, innovation, and welfare
    Author: Schankerman, Mark; Schütt, Florian
    Published: 17 September 2020
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; DP15301
    Subjects: innovation; patent quality; screening; litigation; courts; patent fees; licensing
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Economic resilience: spillovers, courts, and vertical integration
    Author: Fazio, Dimas M.; Silva, Thiago Christiano; Skrastins, Janis
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Banco Central do Brasil, Brasília, DF, Brazil

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    Series: Working paper series / Banco Central do Brasil ; 531 (August 2020)
    Subjects: courts; economic resilience; contract enforcement; networks; propagation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Patent, screening, innovation and welfare
    Author: Schankerman, Mark; Schütt, Florian
    Published: September 2020
    Publisher:  CentER, Center for Economic Research, Tilburg

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    Series: Discussion paper / CentER, Center for Economic Research ; no. 2020, 024
    TILEC discussion papers ; no. 2020, 024
    Subjects: innovation; patent quality; screening; litigation; courts; patent fees; licensing
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten)
  10. Misdemeanor prosecution
    Author: Agan, Amanda; Doleac, Jennifer L.; Harvey, Anna
    Published: March 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Communities across the United States are reconsidering the public safety benefits of prosecuting nonviolent misdemeanor offenses. So far there has been little empirical evidence to inform policy in this area. In this paper we report the first... more

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    Communities across the United States are reconsidering the public safety benefits of prosecuting nonviolent misdemeanor offenses. So far there has been little empirical evidence to inform policy in this area. In this paper we report the first estimates of the causal effects of misdemeanor prosecution on defendants' subsequent criminal justice involvement. We leverage the as-if random assignment of nonviolent misdemeanor cases to Assistant District Attorneys (ADAs) who decide whether a case should move forward with prosecution in the Suffolk County District Attorney's Office in Massachusetts. These ADAs vary in the average leniency of their prosecution decisions. We find that, for the marginal defendant, nonprosecution of a nonviolent misdemeanor offense leads to large reductions in the likelihood of a new criminal complaint over the next two years. These local average treatment effects are largest for first-time defendants, suggesting that averting initial entry into the criminal justice system has the greatest benefits. We also present evidence that a recent policy change in Suffolk County imposing a presumption of nonprosecution for a set of nonviolent misdemeanor offenses had similar beneficial effects: the likelihood of future criminal justice involvement fell, with no apparent increase in local crime rates.

     
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/236265
    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14234
    Subjects: crime; prosecution; courts; recidivism
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 89 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Assessing public sector productivity
    the case of the courts, public prosecution service and the police in The Netherlands
    Author: Gerlach, Brianna
    Published: July 2021
    Publisher:  Statistics Netherlands, The Hague

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Discussion paper / Statistics Netherlands
    Subjects: Public sector; productivity; courts; public prosecution service; police
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. The rule of law approach for more resilient institutions
    judicial accountability and independence, and global economic activities
    Author: Mehmood, Sultan
    Published: [2023]
    Publisher:  Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo, Japan

    This policy paper explores the judiciary's pivotal role in development, covering property rights, government accountability, and contract enforcement. It underscores the importance of impartial judicial institutions, focusing on independence,... more

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    This policy paper explores the judiciary's pivotal role in development, covering property rights, government accountability, and contract enforcement. It underscores the importance of impartial judicial institutions, focusing on independence, accountability, and their role in stabilizing global supply chains and financial systems. In the first part, we derive three key policy implications from two research papers. First, we stress the significance of independent judicial appointments to enhance decision-making and economic integrity. Appointments based on merit, rather than political favoritism, bolster public trust and guard against judicial compromise. Second, we advocate for understanding the interplay between cultural norms and political institutions. We propose measures to separate religious and political power, including affirmative action in religious education regions and secularization of bureaucracies. Lastly, we call for the creation of judicial selection procedures to insulate judges from political influence, promoting an independent and accountable judiciary.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/296810
    Series: ADBI working paper series ; no. 1418 (December 2023)
    Subjects: presidential appointment; religious elites; governance; courts
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Do jurors and professional judges differ in their treatment of crime?
    evidence from French reform
    Author: Philippe, Arnaud
    Published: [2017]
    Publisher:  Toulouse School of Economics, [Toulouse]

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    Series: Working papers / Toulouse School of Economics ; no 17-763 (February 2017)
    Subjects: courts; sentencing; crime; judicial decision; jury members
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. The blurred lines of copyright infringement
    Author: Galasso, Alberto
    Published: 21 June 2023
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; DP18237
    Subjects: copyright; music; litigation; courts
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Violence in Late Victorian and Edwardian England
    A study of three Staffordshire towns 1880 - 1910
    Author: Felstead, Kevin
    Published: 2010
    Publisher:  LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken

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    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783838312330; 3838312333
    Other identifier:
    9783838312330
    Edition: 1. Auflage
    Other subjects: (Produktform)Electronic book text; edwardian; crime; sexual assault; marital; magistrates; courts; Victorian; Violence; (VLB-WN)1555: Geschichte/Neuzeit bis 1918
    Scope: Online-Ressource, 268 Seiten
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    Lizenzpflichtig. - Vom Verlag als Druckwerk on demand und/oder als E-Book angeboten
  16. A Survey on Sexual and Gender Based Violence in Kibera- Kenya
    Kibera and Sexual and Gender Based Violence
    Author: Abebe, Jack Onyisi; Jepkiyeny, Annaline; Angaga, Alloys
    Published: 2012
    Publisher:  LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, Saarbrücken

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    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783659284304; 3659284300
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    9783659284304
    Edition: 1. Aufl.
    Other subjects: (Produktform)Electronic book text; Community; Victims; Kenya; women; Culture; Gender; violence; Human rights; Research; crime; girls; courts; rape; Prevalence; men; Study; kibera; incest; sexual offences; GBV; VAW; Sexual Offences Act; (VLB-WN)1726: Soziologie/Frauenforschung, Geschlechterforschung
    Scope: Online-Ressource
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    Lizenzpflichtig. - Vom Verlag als Druckwerk on demand angeboten
  17. Preordered service in contract enforcement
    Author: Auerbach, Jan U.; Fonseca, Miguel A.
    Published: [2017]
    Publisher:  University of Exeter, Department of Economics, Exeter

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Economics Department discussion papers series ; paper number 17, 04
    Subjects: Judicial system; courts; judiciary performance; legal procedure; civil cases; caseload; contract enforcement; population of investment games; experiments
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. The Japanese judiciary
    Author: Ramseyer, J. Mark
    Published: June 2019
    Publisher:  Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Discussion paper / Harvard John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business ; no. 1007 (06/2019)
    Subjects: courts; judicial independence
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten)
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    Forthcoming in Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics Robert Pekkanen & Saadia Pekkanen, eds., New York: Oxford University Press
  19. Legal institutions, credit markets, and economic activity
    Author: Brown, James R.; Cookson, J. Anthony; Heimer, Rawley Z.
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio

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    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Working paper / Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland ; 1434
    Subjects: courts; law and finance; economic growth; external financing; contract enforcement
    Scope: Online-Ressource (45 S.), graph. Darst.
  20. Inside post-socialist courts
    the determinants of adjudicatory outcomes in Slovenian commercial disputes
    Author: Dimitrova-Grajzl, Valentina; Grajzl, Peter; Zajc, Katarina
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  CESifo, München

    Despite the judiciary's central role in the capitalist market system, micro-level empirical analyses of courts in post-socialist countries are remarkably rare. This paper draws on a unique hand-collected dataset of commercial claims filed at... more

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    Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
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    Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen
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    Despite the judiciary's central role in the capitalist market system, micro-level empirical analyses of courts in post-socialist countries are remarkably rare. This paper draws on a unique hand-collected dataset of commercial claims filed at Slovenian courts to examine the determinants of two salient adjudicatory outcomes: whether a case was resolved via trial or settlement and if the case was tried, whether the plaintiff was awarded the initial claim. Consistent with the divergent expectations theory of litigation, we find that trial-based resolution is more likely when the case is complex and less likely when parties use mediation. Addressing sample selection and endogeneity concerns, we show that defendant's legal representation, plaintiff's profitability, and, importantly, court identity are robust predictors of plaintiff victory at trial. Thus, more than two decades after the start of transition in Slovenia, the judicial system is still a source of legal inconsistency and uncertainty.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/102156
    Series: Array ; 4894
    Subjects: courts; post-socialist countries; commercial disputes; trial; settlement
    Scope: Online-Ressource ([1], 45 S.)