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  1. Submerged Literature in Ancient Greek Culture
    Volume 3, The Comparative Perspective
    Contributor: Ercolani, Andrea (Herausgeber); Giordano, Manuela (Herausgeber)
    Published: [2016]; ©2016
    Publisher:  De Gruyter, Berlin ; Boston

    The book is the third and concluding part of the investigation on Submerged literature in ancient Greece and beyond.The book expands the inquiry to a comparative perspective, in order to test the validity and usefulness of the hermeneutical approach... more

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    The book is the third and concluding part of the investigation on Submerged literature in ancient Greece and beyond.The book expands the inquiry to a comparative perspective, in order to test the validity and usefulness of the hermeneutical approach in other fields and cultures. The comparative case studies deal with gnostic text, Qumran texts, the Hebrew Bible, Early Christianity, Cuneiform Texts, Arabic-Islamic literature, ancient Rome, Medieval China, and contemporary southern Italy. The volume tackles themes and questions relating to author and authorship, cultural translation and transmission, the interaction between orality and literacy, myth and folktale. A particular emphasis is given to anthropological themes and methods. In this vein, the book further explores dynamics of emergence and submersion in ancient Greece, including cultural trends promoted respectively by Sparta and Athens.The volume provides the reader with a wide range of tools and methodological suggestions to reconstruct literary phenomena and cultural processes in a given historical epoch and context, as well as offering new insights for both classical and comparative studies

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Ercolani, Andrea (Herausgeber); Giordano, Manuela (Herausgeber)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783110428650
    Other identifier:
    Series: Submerged Literature in Ancient Greek Culture ; Volume 3
    Other subjects: Greek literature / History and criticism; Greek literature; Griechische Literatur; comparative analysis; oral poetry; textual transmission; LITERARY CRITICISM / Ancient & Classical
    Scope: 1 online resource (VIII, 278 p.)
  2. Submerged Literature in Ancient Greek Culture
    Volume 3, The Comparative Perspective
    Contributor: Ercolani, Andrea (Herausgeber); Giordano, Manuela (Herausgeber)
    Published: [2016]; ©2016
    Publisher:  De Gruyter, Berlin ; Boston

    The book is the third and concluding part of the investigation on Submerged literature in ancient Greece and beyond.The book expands the inquiry to a comparative perspective, in order to test the validity and usefulness of the hermeneutical approach... more

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    The book is the third and concluding part of the investigation on Submerged literature in ancient Greece and beyond.The book expands the inquiry to a comparative perspective, in order to test the validity and usefulness of the hermeneutical approach in other fields and cultures. The comparative case studies deal with gnostic text, Qumran texts, the Hebrew Bible, Early Christianity, Cuneiform Texts, Arabic-Islamic literature, ancient Rome, Medieval China, and contemporary southern Italy. The volume tackles themes and questions relating to author and authorship, cultural translation and transmission, the interaction between orality and literacy, myth and folktale. A particular emphasis is given to anthropological themes and methods. In this vein, the book further explores dynamics of emergence and submersion in ancient Greece, including cultural trends promoted respectively by Sparta and Athens.The volume provides the reader with a wide range of tools and methodological suggestions to reconstruct literary phenomena and cultural processes in a given historical epoch and context, as well as offering new insights for both classical and comparative studies

     
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    Content information
    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Ercolani, Andrea (Herausgeber); Giordano, Manuela (Herausgeber)
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9783110428650
    Other identifier:
    Series: Submerged Literature in Ancient Greek Culture ; Volume 3
    Subjects: Greek literature / History and criticism; Greek literature; Griechische Literatur; comparative analysis; oral poetry; textual transmission; LITERARY CRITICISM / Ancient & Classical
    Scope: 1 online resource (VIII, 278 p.)
  3. Solidarity in the Media and Public Contention over Refugees in Europe
    Author: Cinalli, Manlio; Trenz, Hans-Jörg; Brändle, Verena; Eisele, Olga; Lahusen, Christian
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Taylor & Francis

    This book examines the ‘European refugee crisis’, offering an in-depth comparative analysis of how public attitudes towards refugees and humanitarian dispositions are shaped by political news coverage. An international team of authors address the... more

     

    This book examines the ‘European refugee crisis’, offering an in-depth comparative analysis of how public attitudes towards refugees and humanitarian dispositions are shaped by political news coverage. An international team of authors address the role of the media in contesting solidarity towards refugees from a variety of disciplinary perspectives. Focusing on the public sphere, the book follows the assumption that solidarity is a social value, political concept and legal principle that is discursively constructed in public contentions. The analysis refers systematically and comparatively to eight European countries, namely, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Treatment of data is also original in the way it deals with variations of public spheres by combining a news media claims-making analysis with a social media reception analysis. In particular, the book highlights the prominent role of the mass media in shaping national and transnational solidarity, while exploring the readiness of the mass media to extend thick conceptions of solidarity to non-members. It proposes a research design for the comparative analysis of online news reception and considers the innovative potential of this method in relation to established public opinion research. The book is of particular interest for scholars who are interested in the fields of European solidarity, migration and refugees, contentious politics, while providing an approach that talks to scholars of journalism and political communication studies, as well as digital journalism and online news reception.

     
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  4. Förderung der Entwicklung des ländlichen Raumes in Polen und Bayern
    Author: Sroka, Wojciech; Happe, Kathrin
    Published: 2009
    Publisher:  IAMO, Halle (Saale)

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    Series: Discussion paper / Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe ; No. 123
    Subjects: Entwicklungspolitik; Wirtschaftsplanung; Vergleich
    Other subjects: (stw)Entwicklungsplanung; (stw)Vergleich; (stw)Polen; (stw)Bayern; (stw)Deutschland; Online-Publikation; Entwicklung ländlicher Räume; vergleichende Analyse; Polen; Bayern; Rural development; comparative analysis; Poland; Bavaria; jel:Q12; jel:Q18; Arbeitspapier; Graue Literatur; Buch; Online-Publikation
    Scope: 29 S., graph. Darst., 30 cm
  5. Förderung der Entwicklung des ländlichen Raumes in Polen und Bayern
    Author: Sroka, Wojciech; Happe, Kathrin
    Published: 2009
    Publisher:  Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO), Halle (Saale)

  6. Archetypen und das kollektive Unbewusste in Hermann Hesses "Demian" (1919) und in "Urtrost" (1924) von Áron Tamási : ein Vergleich
    Author: Jakabházi, Réka

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    Language: German
    Media type: Article (journal)
    Format: Online
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    Enthalten in: Germanistische Beiträge; Sibiu : Univ.-Verl., 1993-; 47.2021, S. 83-97; Online-Ressource
    Other subjects: collective unconscious; archetypes; myth; comparative analysis; Hermann Hesse; Áron Tamási
    Scope: Online-Ressource
  7. The determinants of SME capital structure across the lifecycle
    Author: Martinez Cillero, Maria; Lawless, Martina; O'Toole, Conor
    Published: February 19, 2019
    Publisher:  ESRI, Dublin

    While differences in capital structure between large and small firms have been extensively researched, relatively less empirical evidence is available explaining cross country differences in the capital structure of SMEs over the life cycle. This is... more

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    While differences in capital structure between large and small firms have been extensively researched, relatively less empirical evidence is available explaining cross country differences in the capital structure of SMEs over the life cycle. This is an important gap as many of the theoretical predictions on financing requirements and access can be linked to firm age. In this paper, we explore the determinants of SME capital structure across the age distribution of firms using firm-level panel data for 15 European countries. Our key findings demonstrate the existence of a non-linear relationship between age and capital structure that differs markedly across countries. We also find that firm level collateral and liquidity play a role in determining the age-debt relationship. Finally, we find that the age-debt relationship depends on the country level financial structure with more stock market financing reducing firm leverage disproportionately for young firms while foreign bank lending and bank concentration both increase firm leverage across the lifecycle.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/193950
    Series: Working paper / ESRI ; no. 614 (February 2019)
    Subjects: SMEs; firm lifecycle; firm indebtedness; comparative analysis; panel data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Young leading innovators and EU's R&D intensity gap
    Author: Cincera, Michele; Veugelers, Reinhilde
    Published: October 2010
    Publisher:  European Commission, Seville, Spain

    Innovation in the European Union remains weak according to a number of key "input" indicators, especially R&D investment by the business sector, and there are relatively few signs of progress. From a firm-level perspective, Europe's innovation gap... more

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    Innovation in the European Union remains weak according to a number of key "input" indicators, especially R&D investment by the business sector, and there are relatively few signs of progress. From a firm-level perspective, Europe's innovation gap relative to the US results from an inappropriate industrial structure in which new firms do not play a significant role, especially in new high-tech sectors. This view of a structural EU innovation deficit has many supporters. But it has received little or no thorough empirical investigation. This paper aims to address this "evidence gap". We find that compared to the US, the EU has fewer young firms among its leading innovators. But this accounts for only about one-third of the EU-US differential. The largest part of the differential is due to the fact that young leading innovators in the EU are less R&D intensive than their US counterparts. Further unravelling shows that this is almost entirely due to a different sectoral composition. We thus confirm that the EU-US private R&D gap is indeed mostly a structural issue.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789279170393
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    hdl: 10419/202123
    Series: IPTS working paper on corporate r&d and innovation ; no. 2010, 07
    Subjects: research and development; comparative analysis; company research; industrial policy; research report; dynamics of firms; age of firms; EU-US R&D gap
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Breaking open the black box of the production function
    an agent-based model accounting for time in production processes
    Author: Birner, Jack; Mazzoli, Marco; Priori, Eleonora; Terna, Pietro
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  CCA, Fondazione Collegio Carlo Alberto, Torino

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Carlo Alberto notebooks ; no. 719 (May 2024)
    Subjects: agent-based models; production theory; time; national accounts; comparative analysis
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. The single market and accountability
    awareness, assessment, and attribution of European internal-market governance in comparative perspective
    Author: Jacobs, Nicholas F.; Parsons, Craig; Moland, Martin
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    How much is the European Single Market accountable to its citizens? A mountain of commentary and scholarship implies the answer, "not much." "You cannot fall in love with the Single Market" is an often-repeated quote from its most famous architect,... more

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    How much is the European Single Market accountable to its citizens? A mountain of commentary and scholarship implies the answer, "not much." "You cannot fall in love with the Single Market" is an often-repeated quote from its most famous architect, Jacques Delors. He meant to underscore the technical, low-salience nature of the regulatory project to ensure the "four freedoms" of goods, services, persons and capital across Europe. Influential accounts of its development portray a "regulatory state" (Majone 1996) that undertook "integration by stealth" (Genschel & Jachtenfuchs 2016) behind a "veil of law" (Burley & Mattli 1993), partly thanks to public inattention amid a "permissive consensus" of diffuse Europeanism (Hooghe & Marks 2009). Some experts defend the result as acceptably democratic-noting that technical regulation is rarely subject to broad accountability even in the healthiest democracies (Moravcsik 2002)- but many more see the Single Market as the heart of an EU "democratic deficit." They worry about the combination of little-understood regulatory responsibilities with a culturally fragmented "demos," an unelected executive, and "constitutionalization" of EU law in treaties that are very difficult to amend (among many, Weiler 1998; Føllesdal & Hix 2002; Hix 2013). These concerns seem highly plausible, but empirical evaluation of accountability in the Single Market confronts many challenges. Two motivate this paper. First, any such evaluation starts by documenting the citizen attitudes to which Single Market governance might or might not be accountable, but that data is scarce. Regular public surveys like Eurobarometer pose few questions about the Single Market or its core issues of market openness. Second, given reasons to expect that even in the most democratic arena, citizens will be less aware and engaged with technical-regulatory issues, what baseline helps us judge an acceptable level of accountability in a complex, continent-wide single market?

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789268139226
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    Edition: 1st edition
    Series: Single market economics papers ; Working Paper 22
    Subjects: EU-Binnenmarkt; Rechenschaftspflicht; Glaubwürdigkeit; Vergleich; Meinungsforschung; USA; single market; domestic market; economic governance (EU); economic forecasting; comparative analysis; European Union
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten)
  11. Assessing green job dynamics in the EU
    a comparison of alternative methodologies
    Author: Maldonado, Joana Elisa; Vandeplas, Anneleen; Vanyolos, Istvan; Vigani, Mauro; Turrini, Alessandro
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    As the green transition is set to accelerate swiftly over the next decades, its implications for labour markets and workers are of key concern to policymakers. The aim of this paper is to review different methodologies to identify green jobs in... more

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    As the green transition is set to accelerate swiftly over the next decades, its implications for labour markets and workers are of key concern to policymakers. The aim of this paper is to review different methodologies to identify green jobs in cross-country comparable data that are regularly and timely available for EU Member States and assess their usefulness for policy-relevant labour market analysis. Three different methodologies are compared, of which one draws on Eurostat's environmental accounts (EGSS) data. The two other methodologies use EU Labour Force Survey (LFS) data to implement taskbased approaches. The first task-based approach uses information on occupational task profiles from O*NET data, in line with several other existing studies. The second task-based approach uses a more novel source of information on occupational skills profiles, notably the European Classification of Occupations, Skills and Competences (ESCO). Two out of the three indicators show a rising trend in green jobs over recent years. Sectors such as industry, construction and agriculture account for the bulk of the green jobs; even if the proportion of service jobs among green jobs is on the rise. Green jobs are more likely to be taken up by men than non-green jobs. The geographical and skills distributions of green jobs depend on the methodology used. Based on the presented analysis, the national accounts (EGSS)-based approach seems the most reliable. Nevertheless, given its constraints in terms of opportunities for socioeconomic analysis, it still seems useful to consider other approaches to get at richer insights, while consistently verifying the robustness of results across different methodologies.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789268018248
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    Series: Array ; 206 (July 2024)
    Subjects: green jobs; task-based approach; environmental accounts; ESCO; O*NET; green economy; job creation; comparative analysis; environmental industry; professional qualifications; labour market; research method
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten)
  12. Tracking country innovation performance
    the Innovation Output Indicator 2023
    Author: Bello, Michela; Ravanos, Panagiotis; Smallenbroek, Oscar
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    This report presents the 2023 results of the Innovation Output Indicator (IOI), a composite indicator published by the European Commission since 2013 to offer an output-focused metric of innovation performance at the country and EU levels. The IOI... more

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    This report presents the 2023 results of the Innovation Output Indicator (IOI), a composite indicator published by the European Commission since 2013 to offer an output-focused metric of innovation performance at the country and EU levels. The IOI measures countries' capacity to derive economic benefits from innovation by tracking the extent to which innovative ideas reach the market, create knowledge-intensive jobs, and increase country technological capability. The report presents the latest figures for the composite index and its underlying indicators for 46 countries, including European Union (EU) Member States (MSs) and selected EFTA, OECD and emerging economies. According to the IOI, Sweden and Germany are the best performers in the EU and are followed by Finland, and Ireland. Germany outperforms the other EU countries in the domestic value added content of its knowledge-intensive manufacturing exports, whereas Sweden is very strong in terms of IP applications. Conversely, Romania, Latvia and Poland reported the lowest performance among EU countries. The EU, as a single block, leads New Zealand, Australia, China, and Brazil, but it still lags behind its main competitors, including United States, South Korea and Japan. The largest improvements over time in the IOI were achieved by South Korea, Japan, Norway, and China. Performance of the EU27 block also improved over time, while the same holds for the majority of the EU Member States. In addition, the top-ranked countries showcase relatively balanced achievements across the different dimensions considered in the IOI. The report includes an analysis of the change over the last decade in the innovation output performance using insights from non-parametric performance benchmarking and total factor productivity measurement. The aim of this section is to identify countries defining the frontier of innovation output possibilities, the economies that have pushed this frontier forward over time, as well as countries that have achieved large progress in their innovation outputs during the previous decade. The results indicate that there are six well-performing countries (Switzerland, Luxemburg, Japan, Israel, South Korea, and the United Kingdom) forming the frontier of innovation output possibilities. On average, in 2012 the innovation output of the EU27 Member States was 63% of that realised in the best-practice frontier, a figure which in 2022 had improved to 70.2%. In addition, performance improvements are found to be mostly driven by countries' own efforts in catching up with best practices over time. These findings can contribute to identifying successful innovation policies and point towards examples to follow for underperforming countries. The IOI results are complemented by a contextual analysis to better understand differences across EU countries in relation to the aggregate index, as well as to its single components. This section includes, among others, a comparison of the IOI scores with indicators related to the green and the digital nature of innovation outputs, which are crucial for realising the twin digital and green transition and decoupling economic growth from environmental harm. The results indicate that IOI scores are closely related to both environmental and digital patenting activity, highlighting that most countries which do well on total innovation output are also developing environment- and digital- related technologies.

     
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    ISBN: 9789268165027
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    Series: EUR ; 31951
    JRC ; 137117
    Subjects: type of business; innovation; research and development; EU statistics; competitiveness; economic growth; economic sector; comparative analysis; report
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten)
  13. Long-term projections of pension adequacy in a selection of countries
    report produced in the context of the 2024 pension adequacy report
    Author: Dekkers, Gijs J. M.; Halvorsen, Elin; Kruse, Herman; Kump, Nataša; Suchomel, Marek; Van den Bosch, Karel
    Published: April 2024
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    Every three years, the European Commission and the Social Protection Committee publish a Pension Adequacy Report, which provides an overview of the current and future adequacy of old-age incomes in EU Member States. A crucial indicator of adequacy is... more

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    Every three years, the European Commission and the Social Protection Committee publish a Pension Adequacy Report, which provides an overview of the current and future adequacy of old-age incomes in EU Member States. A crucial indicator of adequacy is the at-risk-of-poverty rate of older people. Results for this indicator are however only given for past years. Future adequacy is assessed mainly on the basis of the Theoretical Replacement Rates (TRRs), which show future theoretical replacement rates for a range of model persons (e.g. the base case is a person who has worked 40 years full-time at the average wage). The purpose of this report is to show for a selection of countries (Belgium, Slovenia, Czechia, and Norway) that dynamic microsimulation models can produce projections of the future at-risk-of-poverty rates of older people and pensioners. These simulations are made in such a way that they are consistent with projections of both Eurostat (for the demography) and the Ageing Working Group (AWG), which gets its mandate from the Economic Policy Committee. In this way, they allow to assess jointly the financial and social sustainability of pensions in these countries, using the AWG reference scenario and several sensitivity tests and alternative policy scenarios. Similar simulations of at-risk-of-poverty rates were produced in the contexts of the Pension Adequacy Reports of 2015, 2018 and 2021, though the sets of countries varied: Belgium, Hungary and Sweden in 2015, Belgium, Italy and Sweden in 2018 and Belgium, Hungary and Italy in 2021. See Dekkers et al. (2015), Dekkers et al. (2018) and European Union (2021). The simulations presented in this report are produced through dynamic microsimulation models. The Belgian results are produced by the model MIDAS, developed and used by the Belgian Federal Planning Bureau. The results for Norway come from the model MOSART; which is developed and used by Statistics Norway. The results for Slovenia come from the model DYPENSI from the Institute for Economic Research, Slovenia. Finally, the results for Czechia are produced by the model NEMO, from the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of Czechia. This note is structured as follows. The next section describes briefly the AWG projections and hypotheses for the countries involved in this microsimulation project. These projections are used as input for the dynamic microsimulation models and also form the background by which the adequacy results can be evaluated. It also presents the reference scenario and the alter-native scenarios which serve as sensitivity tests. Section three, after a short introduction to dynamic microsimulation models, discusses the simulation results by country. Section four contains a brief conclusion.

     
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    ISBN: 9789268156797
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    Subjects: population ageing; pension scheme; administrative reform; public expenditure; comparative analysis; long-term forecast; EU Member State; report
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten)
    Notes:

    Manuscript completed in 2024. - Bibl. : p. 184-190
  14. Size, structure and distribution of transport subsidies in Europe
    Published: 2007
    Publisher:  Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg

    Transport contributes to several environmental problems such as climate change, air emissions and noise and is at the same time favoured by significant subsidies. An EEA report identifies European transport subsidies worth at least EUR 270 to 290... more

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    Transport contributes to several environmental problems such as climate change, air emissions and noise and is at the same time favoured by significant subsidies. An EEA report identifies European transport subsidies worth at least EUR 270 to 290 billion a year. Road transport receives EUR 125 billion in annual subsidies, most of it as infrastructure subsidies, assuming that taxes on road transport are not regarded as contributions to finance infrastructure. Aviation, as the mode with the highest specific climate impact, gets significant subsidies in the form of preferential tax treatment, in particular exemptions from fuel tax and VAT, which add up to EUR 27 to 35 billion per year. Rail is subsidised with EUR 73 billion per year and benefits the most from other on-budget subsidies. For water-borne transport, EUR 14 to 30 billion in subsidies have been identified.

     
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    ISBN: 9789291679188
    Series: EEA technical report ; 2007,3
    Subjects: Infrastrukturfinanzierung; Subvention; EU-Verkehrspolitik; EU-Staaten; environmental impact; transport policy; economic support; support policy; comparative analysis; mode of transport; Europe
    Scope: Online-Ressource, 36 S. = 729 KB, Text, ill.
  15. The determinants of unemployment rate in developing economies
    does banking system credit matter?
    Author: Azolibe, Chukwuebuka Bernard; Dimnwobi, Stephen Kelechi; Uzochukwu-Obi, Chidiebube Peace
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  African Governance and Development Institute, [Yaoundé]

    In developing countries, banks play a major role by acting as a conduit for the effective mobilization of funds from the surplus sectors of an economy for onward lending to the deficit sectors for productive investments that will in turn increase the... more

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    In developing countries, banks play a major role by acting as a conduit for the effective mobilization of funds from the surplus sectors of an economy for onward lending to the deficit sectors for productive investments that will in turn increase the level of employment and economic growth. There has being a rising trend in unemployment rate in Nigeria and South Africa and hence, the need for the study to assess the effectiveness of banking system credit in curbing unemployment rate by making a comparative analysis of Nigeria and South Africa covering period of 1991 to 2018. The study employed the unit root test, Johansen cointegration test, vector error correction model and VAR impulse response function in determining the relationship between the variables. The major findings revealed that banking system credit matters in curbing unemployment rate in South Africa than in Nigeria. Also, other macroeconomic factors such as lending rate, inflation rate, Government expenditure and population growth were significant enough in influencing unemployment rate in South Africa than in Nigeria. While foreign direct investment was a significant factor in reducing unemployment rate in Nigeria than in South Africa. The cointegration test showed a long-run relationship between the variables in both countries while the speed of adjustment coefficient of the vector error correction model is faster in South Africa than in Nigeria. Previous empirical studies on the relationship between banking system credit and unemployment rate have focused much on other regions such as Asia and Europe. Thus, the study is unique as it focused on the African region and also made a comparative analysis by testing the Keynesian theory of employment, interest and money on two emerging African economies which are Nigeria and South Africa.

     
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    Series: AGDI working paper ; WP/22, 044
    Subjects: Banking system credit; unemployment rate; macroeconomic factors; comparative analysis
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Online advertising on IPR-infringing websites and apps 2021
    Published: February 2022
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, [Luxembourg]

    Internet websites and mobile applications that provide access to content, goods or services infringing intellectual property rights (IPR) on a commercial scale use the sale of advertising space as one of their revenue sources. In addition to... more

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    Internet websites and mobile applications that provide access to content, goods or services infringing intellectual property rights (IPR) on a commercial scale use the sale of advertising space as one of their revenue sources. In addition to providing a revenue stream to IPR infringers, the presence of advertising for legitimate brands on websites and mobile applications that infringe IPR can confuse consumers. It can lead them to mistakenly believe that the site or application they are accessing provides access to legal content, goods or services. To strengthen the protection of IPR and reduce the harm caused by its infringement, the European Commission sponsored a Memorandum of Understanding on online advertising and IPR (MoU).The MoU signatories represent parties involved in placing, buying, selling and/or facilitating advertising, including advertisers, advertising agencies, trading desks, advertising platforms, advertising networks, advertising exchanges for publishers, sales houses, publishers and IPR owners. They also include representatives or associations of these groups. The EU Intellectual Property Office commissioned White Bullet to carry out the 2021 Ad Monitoring Exercise to assess the impact of the MoU on the online advertising found on IPR-infringing websites during 2021, to evaluate the estimated amount and type of online advertising on IPR-infringing websites and apps, and to estimate the associated ad revenues. This commission is an extension of the work undertaken by White Bullet in 2020 and the first half of 2019 on behalf of the European Commission.

     
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  17. Household indebtedness according to the Spanish survey of household finances and the central credit register
    a comparative analysis
    Author: Bover, Olympia; Crespo, Laura; García-Uribe, Sandra
    Published: 2022
    Publisher:  Banco de España, Madrid

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    Series: Documentos ocasionales / Banco de España ; no. 2205
    Subjects: indebtedness; households; comparative analysis; survey data; administrative data
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Domestic revenue mobilization in SubSaharan Africa and Latin America
    a comparative analysis since 1980
    Author: Gwaindepi, Abel
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  University, Department of Economic History, Lund

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    Series: Array ; no. 209
    Subjects: Fiscal capacity; taxation; Sub-Saharan Africa; Latin America; tax effort; revenue volatility; public revenues; developing regions; comparative analysis
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. Privacy and data protection in India and Germany
    a comparative analysis
    Author: Arora, Kim
    Published: January 2020
    Publisher:  WZB, Berlin

    This research report offers a comparative analysis of privacy and data protection in Germany and India. It compares the two regimes on four counts. First, it examines how the right to privacy and/or its allied rights have developed in the two... more

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    This research report offers a comparative analysis of privacy and data protection in Germany and India. It compares the two regimes on four counts. First, it examines how the right to privacy and/or its allied rights have developed in the two countries historically. In this, it explores the political factors contributing to the understanding and acceptability of the principles of privacy in the decades after the Second World War. Second, it delves into the instruments and forms of state surveillance employed by both the countries and analyses how the presence of parliamentary and judicial oversight on intelligence agencies impacts individual privacy. In the third section, it compares how biometric identity systems have been deployed in the two countries, the safeguards designed around the same, and the legal challenges they have thrown up. Lastly, it evaluates data subject rights as defined under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) together with the Bundesdatenschutzgesetz-Neu (BDSG-Neu) and how they compare with those as defined under the Draft Personal Data Protection Bill, 2018 in the Indian context.

     
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    Series: Discussion paper / WZB, Berlin Social Science Center, Research Area Digitalization and Societal Transformation, Research Group Politics of Digitalization ; SP III 2020, 501 (January 2020)
    Subjects: data protection; surveillance; biometrics; Internet regulation; comparative analysis; India; Germany
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (76 Seiten)
  20. Digital services act
    European added value assessment : study
    Author: Lomba, Niombo; Evas, Tatjana
    Published: October 2020
    Publisher:  European Union, Brussels

    This study analyses the potential European added value (EAV) that could be achieved by enhancing the current EU regulatory framework on digital services. The scope of the assessment includes the analysis of the e-Commerce Directive and more broadly... more

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    This study analyses the potential European added value (EAV) that could be achieved by enhancing the current EU regulatory framework on digital services. The scope of the assessment includes the analysis of the e-Commerce Directive and more broadly of commercial and civil law rules applicable to commercial entities operating online. The EAV is assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Based on the comparative legal analysis, 22 main gaps and risks that currently affect provision of online services in the EU are identified, and policy solutions are proposed to address these shortcomings. The results of macroeconomic modelling suggest that taking common EU action to enhance consumer protection and common e-commerce rules, as well as to create a framework for content management and curation that guarantees business competitiveness and protection of rights and freedoms, would potentially add at least €76 billion to the EU GDP over the 20202030 period. This quantitative estimate provides a lower bound of direct economic impacts, and does not quantify/monetise the EAV of qualitative criteria, such as consumer protection, coherence of the legal system and fundamental rights. Therefore, the overall European added value would be considerably higher.

     
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  21. Frustración social y restricción presupuestal: repensando la agenda pública en Pos-Pandemia
    Author: Clavijo, Sergio
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  CEDE, Centro de Estudios sobre Desarrollo Económico, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Spanish
    Media type: Book
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    Series: Array ; 2020, 39 (septiembre de 2020)
    Subjects: comparative analysis; globalization; taxes-subsidies; labor-Latin America
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Why are pollution damages lower in developed countries?
    insights from high-income, high-particulate matter Hong Kong
    Author: Colmer, Jonathan; Lin, Dajun; Liu, Siying; Shimshack, Jay P.
    Published: July 2021
    Publisher:  IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany

    Conventional wisdom suggests that marginal damages from particulate matter pollution are high in less-developed countries because they are highly polluted. Using administrative data on the universe of births and deaths, we explore birthweight and... more

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    Conventional wisdom suggests that marginal damages from particulate matter pollution are high in less-developed countries because they are highly polluted. Using administrative data on the universe of births and deaths, we explore birthweight and mortality effects of gestational particulate matter exposure in high-pollution yet high-income Hong Kong. The marginal effects of particulates on birthweight are large but we fail to detect an effect on neonatal mortality. We interpret our stark mortality results in a comparative analysis of pollution-mortality relationships across studies. We provide early evidence that marginal mortality damages from pollution are high in less-developed countries because they are less developed, not because they are more polluted.

     
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    Series: Discussion paper series / IZA ; no. 14591
    Subjects: particulate matter; early childhood; comparative analysis
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  23. 2004-2024: twenty years after the big enlargement
    integration within the single market
    Author: Pasimeni, Paolo
    Published: 2024
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    The enlargement of the European Union in 2004 marked a significant milestone in the history of European integration, bringing ten new Member States into the Union. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic impact of this... more

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    The enlargement of the European Union in 2004 marked a significant milestone in the history of European integration, bringing ten new Member States into the Union. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic impact of this enlargement two decades later. Drawing from the economic literature and descriptive analysis, the paper examines both anticipated benefits and realized outcomes. Preceding the enlargement, ex-ante analyses projected substantial gains in GDP, trade integration, and welfare for both acceding and existing member countries. These expectations were largely met. At the macroeconomic level, the paper shows a significant reduction in trade costs, enhanced trade integration, and deepening participation in cross-border value chains within the Single Market. Some challenges remain in terms of social and territorial cohesion in these countries. Specific examples highlight the transformative effects of EU membership in sectors such as tourism, energy-intensive industries and professional services. The lessons learned from this enlargement underscore the continuous nature of integration, beginning with accession preparation and producing tangible effects throughout the process.

     
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    ISBN: 9789268182314
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    Edition: 1st edition
    Series: Single market economics briefs ; no 11
    Subjects: EU-Mitgliedschaft; EU-Binnenmarkt; Wirtschaftsintegration; EU-Staaten; single market; market enlargement; European integration; economic consequence; economic integration; economic analysis; international agreement; international trade; comparative analysis; EU Member State
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten)
  24. Comparative analysis of the socio-economic developments and competitiveness of the agri-food sector at a sectoral and macro level in the preaccession countries
    final report
    Author: Aramyan, Lusine; Galen, Michiel van; Logatcheva, Katja; Herceglic, Nera; Janeska Stamenkovska, Ivana; Koç, Ahmet Ali; Kovacevic, Vlado; Markovic, Milan; Martinovska Stojceska, Aleksandra; Zhllima, Edvin
    Published: November 2022
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    This study is a part of a project "Comparative analysis of agricultural sectors and rural areas in the pre-accession countries: Agricultural policy developments, situation of the agri-food sector and economic context" funded by Directorate-General... more

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    This study is a part of a project "Comparative analysis of agricultural sectors and rural areas in the pre-accession countries: Agricultural policy developments, situation of the agri-food sector and economic context" funded by Directorate-General Agriculture and Rural Development of the European Commission. The study's main objective is to conduct a comparative analysis of the socio-economic developments and competitiveness of the agri-food sector in the IPARD (Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance rural development programmes) countries (Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Türkiye) at the sectoral and macro levels. The study collects and analyses data on market prices, output values, yields, rural/urban disparities, and various indicators of competitiveness. The study provides insights into the state of the agri-food sector in IPARD countries, identifies areas for improvement, and offers recommendations to enhance competitiveness and rural development. At the macro level, the study finds that IPARD countries are still far behind the EU average in terms of macro-economic developments. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the GDP growth and exports of agri-food products in the respective countries. The agricultural sector in IPARD countries is crucial for their economies and has the potential for competitive advantage. However, small farm size and low productivity, limited export quality, and compliance with standards are challenges that need to be addressed. The study highlights specific subsector strengths and weaknesses, such as high fruit and vegetable yields and low cow milk yields in most IPARD countries. Rural-urban disparities are evident, with difficulties in accessing education in rural areas and gender inequalities. Migration and brain drain contribute to rural depopulation, and poor infrastructure negatively affects competitiveness. The study recommends investing in trade and transport infrastructure, creating incentives for youth in rural areas, and increasing yields through technological innovation, education, and cultivation of unused lands, while maintaining a balance between efficiency improvements and sustainability.

     
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    ISBN: 9789268053768
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    Subjects: agri-foodstuffs; competitiveness; social development; agro-industry; foodstuff; food consumption; economic development; accession to the European Union; comparative analysis; macroeconomics; economic indicator; agricultural production; report
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 148 Seiten)
  25. Agricultural policy developments in the EU pre-accession countries
    final report
    Author: Martinovska Stojcheska, Aleksandra; Kotevska, Ana; Janeska Stamenkovska, Ivana; Dimitrievski, Dragi; Zhllima, Edvin; Vaško, Željko; Bajramović, Sabahudin; Mustafa, Mihone Kerolli; Marković, Milan; Kovacević, Vlado; Koç, Ahmet Ali; Bayaner, Ahmet
    Published: November 2022
    Publisher:  Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

    This study is a part of a project "Comparative analysis of agricultural sectors and rural areas in the pre-accession countries: Agricultural policy developments, situation of the agri-food sector and economic context" funded by Directorate-General... more

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    This study is a part of a project "Comparative analysis of agricultural sectors and rural areas in the pre-accession countries: Agricultural policy developments, situation of the agri-food sector and economic context" funded by Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development of the European Commission. It is part of a series of assessments, aiming to monitor the development of the agri-food sector in the Western Balkan countries/territories (WB) and Türkiye. The study focuses on the changes in the years 2020 and 2021 and the developments of currently important topics, such as Covid-19, greening, and the approximation of agriculture and rural development policies to the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The WB countries/territories and Türkiye are taking steady steps towards EU accession, by narrowing down the gaps with EU member states in the development of their agricultural sectors and rural areas. Competitiveness, environmental protection and development of rural areas are key policy objectives across the countries/territories. All countries/territories have established operational institutional structures, that need to be continuously upgraded. The IPARD (Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance rural development programmes) beneficiary countries have adopted the third IPARD programme for the period 2021-2027. The budget spent for agriculture and rural development varies in the pre-accession countries/territories. The crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and the crisis linked to the war in Ukraine have re-emphasized the importance and need for an adequate agricultural policy, supporting stable food systems. The publication ends with a set of recommendations for improvement of the policy and sector development.

     
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