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  1. The exporter and productivity dynamics
    the effect of trade liberalization
    Author: Inagaki, Kazuma
    Published: November 2024
    Publisher:  The Institute of Social and Economic Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

    This paper studies how investment in R&D and export technology amplifies the welfare gains from trade liberalization. I develop a dynamic heterogeneous firm international trade model with investment in productivity-enhancing R&D and export... more

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    This paper studies how investment in R&D and export technology amplifies the welfare gains from trade liberalization. I develop a dynamic heterogeneous firm international trade model with investment in productivity-enhancing R&D and export technology. I find that R&D investment combined with a dynamic export technology enhances the welfare gains from trade liberalization. I quantitatively demonstrate that the welfare gain from trade liberalization in the dynamic trade model with elastic R&D is above 30% higher than that with inelastic R&D. By contrast, in a static trade model, the elasticity of R&D has a small impact on welfare gain. These findings suggest that static trade models may provide an even poorer approximation of dynamic trade models than we thought.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/306792
    Series: Discussion paper / The Institute of Social and Economic Research ; no. 1261
    Subjects: Trade liberalization; Firm dynamics; Heterogeneous firms; Innovation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. How do shocks to domestic factors affect real exchange rates of Asian developing countries?
    Author: Dumrongrittikul, Taya; Anderson, Heather M.
    Published: March 2015
    Publisher:  Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics, Victoria

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    Series: Working paper / Monash University, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics ; 15, 04
    Subjects: Exchange rate fundamentals; Government consumption; Monetary policy; Panel vector error correction model; Productivity improvement in the traded sector; Real exchange rates; Sign and zero restrictions; Trade liberalization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Trade attitudes in Latin America
    evidence from a multi-country survey experiment
    Author: Rodríguez Chatruc, Marisol; Stein, Ernesto; Vlaicu, Razvan
    Published: April 2019
    Publisher:  Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), [Washington, DC]

    This paper examines individual-level support for trade liberalization, relates it to beliefs about trade, and measures its sensitivity to positive and negative framing. The data come from the 2018 Latinobarometro survey of eighteen countries, in... more

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    This paper examines individual-level support for trade liberalization, relates it to beliefs about trade, and measures its sensitivity to positive and negative framing. The data come from the 2018 Latinobarometro survey of eighteen countries, in which the authors embedded a survey experiment to study framing effects. It is found that respondents are generally favorable to increased trade with other countries, based on perceived trade benefits to employment, prices, and product variety. Support for trade is unaffected by positive framing but is highly sensitive downward to employment loss framing. Positive framing does shift upward respondent beliefs that trade increases product variety and reduces prices, but also raises concerns about low wages. Negative framing substantially reduces the prevailing beliefs that trade is associated with high employment, and there is no offsetting effect on the consumption side. Trade support levels and sensitivity display heterogeneity across education levels consistent with skill-based theories of trade, as well as interesting country, age, gender, and income heterogeneity.

     
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    46
    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/208174
    Series: IDB working paper series ; no. IDB-WP-986
    Subjects: Trade liberalization; Trade preferences; Trade beliefs; Survey experiment; Framing
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. FTAs and the pattern of trade
    the case of the Japan-Chile FTA
    Author: Kuno, Arata; Urata, Shūjirō; Yokota, Kazuhiko
    Published: 2017
    Publisher:  RIETI, [Tokyo, Japan]

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    Series: RIETI discussion paper series ; 17-E, 091
    Subjects: Trade liberalization; FTA; Comparative advantage; Resource allocation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Assortative matching of exporters and importers
    Author: Sugita, Yoichi; Teshima, Kensuke; Seira, Enrique
    Published: 2017
    Publisher:  RIETI, [Tokyo, Japan]

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    Series: RIETI discussion paper series ; 17-E, 016
    Subjects: Firm heterogeneity; Assortative matching; Two-sided heterogeneity; Trade liberalization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Does trade liberalization promote antidumping protection?
    a theoretical analysis
    Author: Mukunoki, Hiroshi
    Published: 2017
    Publisher:  RIETI, [Tokyo, Japan]

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    Series: RIETI discussion paper series ; 17-E, 031
    Subjects: Trade liberalization; Antidumping; International oligopoly; Political economy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Productivity, markups, and trade
    evidence from Mexican manufacturing industries
    Author: Puggioni, Daniela
    Published: September 2019
    Publisher:  Banco de México, [Ciudad de México, México]

    This paper applies a structural framework to estimate production function coefficients, obtain firm-level markup estimates, and evaluate the impact of the trade liberalization that took place in Mexico in the period 1984-1990 on the profitability of... more

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    This paper applies a structural framework to estimate production function coefficients, obtain firm-level markup estimates, and evaluate the impact of the trade liberalization that took place in Mexico in the period 1984-1990 on the profitability of the firms operating in the domestic market and exporters. Quantitatively, the results show no evidence of substantial productivity growth, but some evidence of trade discipline on the price-cost margins. A markup premium is however identified for intensive exporters. Qualitatively, these results suggest that the effectiveness of trade policies crucially depends on adequately implementing complementary reforms aimed at improving the competitiveness and the efficiency in the allocation of resources in the internal market.

     
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    hdl: 10419/240682
    Series: Working paper / Banco de México ; no 2019, 14
    Subjects: Production function estimation; Productivity; Markups; Trade liberalization; Mexican manufacturing industries
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Revisiting the effect of the Great Liberalization on the growth of Latin America and the Caribbean, 1980-2010
    Author: Merchán, Federico; Moreira, Mauricio Mesquita
    Published: January 2020
    Publisher:  Inter-American Development Bank, [Washington, DC]

    As Latin America and the Caribbeans "Great Liberalization" reaches its 30th anniversary, we revisit the trade and growth debate by updating and expanding Estevadeordal and Taylors 2013 paper. To better understand the regions heterogeneity of policies... more

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    As Latin America and the Caribbeans "Great Liberalization" reaches its 30th anniversary, we revisit the trade and growth debate by updating and expanding Estevadeordal and Taylors 2013 paper. To better understand the regions heterogeneity of policies and outcomes, we extend this analysis to include a larger sample of countries, a new and more disaggregated bilateral product-level tariff dataset; a longer timespan; and a country-sector analysis. The results indicate that liberalization is likely to have made a significant contribution to the acceleration in growth observed in the postliberalization periodan extra 0.6 to 0.7 percentage points on annual per-capita growth-driven by lower tariffs on capital and intermediate goods (as suggested by Solows growth model) and by the manufacturing sector.

     
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    46
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    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/234685
    Series: IDB working paper series ; no. IDB-WP-01099
    Subjects: Trade liberalization; growth; Latin America; intermediate goods; capita l goods
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. The macroeconomic effects of structural reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean
    Author: David, Antonio C.; Komatsuzaki, Takuji; Pienknagura, Samuel
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    This paper estimates the macroeconomic effects of structural reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) using the dataset constructed by Alesina and others (2020). We find that large changes in the reform index have positive effects on GDP and... more

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    This paper estimates the macroeconomic effects of structural reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) using the dataset constructed by Alesina and others (2020). We find that large changes in the reform index have positive effects on GDP and employment that reach 2 percent after 5 years. Furthermore, reforms boost investment, exports, imports, and reduce export concentration, in addition to favoring tradable sectors. Nonetheless, the results also indicate that the effects of reforms have not been uniform across different segments of the population. These findings bring to the forefront the need to consider accompanying policies to ensure that reforms promote inclusive growth. Moreover, evidence from country case studies using the synthetic control method point to heterogeneous effects of reforms on income per capita

     
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  10. Technological and economic decoupling in the cyber era
    Author: Garcia-Macia, Daniel; Goyal, Rishi
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the shift toward digital services. Meanwhile, the race for technological and economic leadership has heated up, with risks of decoupling that could set back trade and growth and hinder the recovery from the worst... more

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    The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the shift toward digital services. Meanwhile, the race for technological and economic leadership has heated up, with risks of decoupling that could set back trade and growth and hinder the recovery from the worst global recession since the Great Depression. This paper studies the conditions under which a country may seek to erect barriers-banning imports or exports of cyber technologies-and in effect promote decoupling or deglobalization. A well-known result is that banning imports may be optimal in monopolistic sectors, such as the digital sector. The novel result of this paper is that banning exports can also be optimal, and in some cases superior, as it prevents technological diffusion to a challenger that may eventually become the global supplier, capturing monopoly rents and posing cybersecurity risks. However, export or import bans would come at a deleterious cost to the global economy. The paper concludes that fostering international cooperation, including in the cyber domain, could be key to avoiding technological and economic decoupling and securing better livelihoods

     
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  11. Trade, productivity and (mis)allocation
    Author: Berthou, Antoine; Chung, Jong Hyun; Manova, Kalina; Sandoz, Charlotte
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    We examine the gains from globalization in the presence of firm heterogeneity and potential resource misallocation. We show theoretically that without distortions, bilateral and export liberalizations increase aggregate welfare and productivity,... more

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    We examine the gains from globalization in the presence of firm heterogeneity and potential resource misallocation. We show theoretically that without distortions, bilateral and export liberalizations increase aggregate welfare and productivity, while import liberalization has ambiguous effects. Resource misallocation can either amplify, dampen or reverse the gains from trade. Using model-consistent measures and unique new data on 14 European countries and 20 industries in 1998-2011, we empirically establish that exogenous shocks to export demand and import competition both generate large aggregate productivity gains. Guided by theory, we provide evidence consistent with these effects operating through reallocations across firms in the presence of distortions: (i) Both export and import expansion increase average firm productivity, but the former also shifts activity towards more productive firms, while the latter acts in reverse; (ii) Both export and import exposure raise the productivity threshold for survival, but this cut-off is not a sufficient statistic for aggregate productivity; (iii) Efficient institutions, factor and product markets amplify the gains from import competition but dampen those from export access

     
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  12. International trade and corporate market power
    Author: Gonzalez-Garcia, Jesus; Yang, Yuanchen
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    This paper examines the effect of international trade on corporate market power in emerging market economies and developing countries, with a special focus on sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis is based on a large firm-level dataset, tariff data by... more

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    This paper examines the effect of international trade on corporate market power in emerging market economies and developing countries, with a special focus on sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis is based on a large firm-level dataset, tariff data by sector and agreggate indicators of international trade for the period 2000-17. Greater trade liberalization and trade integration are associated with significant declines in market power, with the effect being more pronounced for firms in the manufacturing and ICT sectors, private sector firms, and firms with higher initial markups. Firms in sub-Saharan Africa tend to experience signficantly lower markups after allowing greater trade integration. The effects of trade liberalization on market power materializes over time, and there are significant complementarities between trade reforms and real sector reforms

     
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  13. Proximity and horizontal policies
    the backbone of export diversification and complexity
    Author: Salinas, Gonzalo
    Published: March 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    The lack of a clear link between general economic fundamentals and export diversification indicators in the literature has fueled the believe that industrial policies are an absolute requisite to diversify exports. This paper, however, does find a... more

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    The lack of a clear link between general economic fundamentals and export diversification indicators in the literature has fueled the believe that industrial policies are an absolute requisite to diversify exports. This paper, however, does find a strong statistical connection between horizontal policies and diversification by making two novel changes to traditional methodologies: using export categories that lead to diversification (for example, manufactures) as dependent variables, and using a gravity-equation regression setting. Proximity to other economies explains about a third of cross-country heterogeneity in targeted exports, and four fifths together with horizontal policies. Australia, Chile, and New Zealand emerge as new role models for diversification policies

     
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  14. The African Continental Free Trade Area
    potential economic impact and challenges
    Author: Abrego, Lisandro E.; Zamaróczy, Mario de; Gursoy, Tunc; Issoufou, Salifou; Nicholls, Garth P.; Perez-Saiz, Hector; Rosas, Jose-Nicolas
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Political momentum towards Africa-wide free trade has been intensifying. In March 2018, over 40 countries signed the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement. Once fully implemented, the AfCFTA is expected to cover all 55 African... more

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    Political momentum towards Africa-wide free trade has been intensifying. In March 2018, over 40 countries signed the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement. Once fully implemented, the AfCFTA is expected to cover all 55 African countries, with a combined GDP of about USD 2.2 trillion. This SDN takes stock of recent trade developments in Sub-Saharan Africa and assesses the potential benefits and costs of the AfCFTA, as well as challenges to its successful implementation. In addition to increased trade flows both in existing and new products, the AfCFTA has the potential to generate substantial economic benefits for African countries. These benefits include higher income arising from increased efficiency and productivity from improved resource allocation, higher cross-border investment flows, and technology transfers. Besides lowering import tariffs, to ensure these benefits, African countries will need reduce other trade barriers by making more efficient their customs procedures, reducing their wide infrastructure gaps, and improving their business climates. At the same time, policy measures should be taken to mitigate the differential impact of trade liberalization on certain groups as resources are reallocated in the economy and activities migrate to locations with comparatively lower costs

     
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  15. Impacts of international transport infrastructure
    evidence from Laos households
    Author: Andersson, Magnus; Hayakawa, Kazunobu; Keola, Souknilanh; Yamanouchi, Kenta
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Institute of Developing Economies (IDE), JETRO, Chiba, Japan

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 2344/00052038
    Series: IDE discussion paper ; no. 812
    Subjects: International bridge; Trade liberalization; Household
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Individual preferences on trade liberalization
    evidence from a Japanese household survey
    Author: Felbermayr, Gabriel; Okubo, Toshihiro
    Published: 4 May, 2020
    Publisher:  Institute for Economic Studies, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

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    Series: KEIO-IES discussion paper series ; DP2020, 010 (4 May, 2020)
    Subjects: Household survey; Trade liberalization; non-cognitive factors; regional factors; compensation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. The impact of an international bridge on households
    evidence from household panel data in Thailand
    Author: Hayakawa, Kazunobu; Keola, Souknilanh; Sasatra Sudsawasd; Yamanouchi, Kenta
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Institute of Developing Economies (IDE), JETRO, Chiba, Japan

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    Series: IDE discussion paper ; no. 794
    Subjects: International bridge; Trade liberalization; Household
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  18. Trade liberalization and tax revenue mobilization in ECOWAS countries
    Author: Ndoye, Mamadou Laye
    Published: September 2020
    Publisher:  African Economic Research Consortium, Nairobi, Kenya

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    ISBN: 9789966611239
    Series: Research paper / African Economic Research Consortium ; 425
    Subjects: Tax revenues; Trade liberalization; Panel data; ECOWAS
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  19. Are trade wars class wars?
    the importance of trade-induced horizontal inequality
    Author: Borusyak, Kirill; Jaravel, Xavier
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Institute for Fiscal Studies, [London]

    What is the nature of the distributional effects of trade? This paper demonstrates conceptually and empirically the importance of “trade-induced horizontal inequality,” i.e. inequality brought about by trade shocks that occurs among workers with the... more

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    What is the nature of the distributional effects of trade? This paper demonstrates conceptually and empirically the importance of “trade-induced horizontal inequality,” i.e. inequality brought about by trade shocks that occurs among workers with the same level of earnings prior to the shock. While this type of inequality does not affect the income distribution, it generates winners and losers at all income levels and may thus affect political support for trade policy. To quantify the horizontal inequality and changes in the income distribution induced by trade in a data-driven way, we develop a characterization of the welfare impacts, governed by simple and intuitive statistics of labor market and consumption exposure to trade. This characterization holds in a class of quantitative trade models allowing for a broad set of preferences, including non-homothetic, and production functions. Taking this framework to U.S. data, we find substantial heterogeneity in exposure and thus in the welfare effects of trade shocks across workers, with horizontal inequality as the dominant force. Over 99% of the variance of welfare changes from trade shocks arise within income deciles, rather than across. This finding runs against a popular narrative that “trade wars are class wars.”

     
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    hdl: 10419/284204
    Series: Working paper / lnstitute for Fiscal Studies ; 22, 34
    Subjects: Trade liberalization; Distributional effects; Inequality
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Empowered young women
    trade liberalization and women's family decisions in China
    Author: Zi, Yuan; Ouyang, Difei; Yuan, Weidi
    Published: 25 October 2022
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Series: Array ; DP17607
    Subjects: Trade liberalization; Gender inequality; Family decisions; Chinese economy
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Export scope, managerial effi ciency, and trade liberalization
    evidence from Chinese firms
    Author: Qiu, Larry D.; Yu, Miaojie
    Published: 2020-05-27
    Publisher:  National School of Development, Peking University, [Beijing]

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    Series: Working paper series / China Center for Economic Research ; $lE 2020, 007
    Subjects: Multiproduct firm; Managerial efficiency; Product line; Export product scope; Trade liberalization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten)
  22. Assessing Arab economic integration
    how agricultural trade can affect the achievement of the SDGs through further integration
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  United Nations, Beirut, Lebanon

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    Media type: Book
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    Edition: Third edition
    Series: United Nations publication
    Subjects: Agriculture; Economic development; Economic integration; Trade liberalization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Welfare gains through globalization
    evidence from Japan's manufacturing sector
    Author: Aoyagi, Takahide; Ito, Tadashi; Matsuura, Toshiyuki
    Published: March 2021
    Publisher:  Tokyo Center for Economic Research, Tokyo, Japan

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    Series: TCER working paper series ; E-158
    Subjects: Trade liberalization; Welfare gains; Japan
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. Three essays in labor and regional economics
    Author: Durán, Juan David
    Published: 2023

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Dissertation
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    hdl: 2262/102495
    Subjects: Regional labor markets; Wage inequality; Trade liberalization; Spatial equilibrium; Market access; Gender gaps; COVID-19; Industry transformation; Mexico
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 138 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Dissertation, University of Dublin, 2023
  25. Origin of goods and unequal consumer gains from trade liberalization
    Author: Dai, Mi; Tanaka, Kiyoyasu
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Institute of Developing Economies (IDE), JETRO, Chiba, Japan

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    Series: IDE discussion paper ; no. 939
    Subjects: Trade liberalization; Inequality; Origin of goods; Welfare; Cambodia
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen