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  1. The German economy and EU industrial tariff reductions
    partial and CGE analyses of a stillborn millennium round
    Author: Francois, Joseph F.; Glismann, Hans H.; Spinanger, Dean
    Published: 2000
    Publisher:  Inst. of World Economics, Kiel

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  2. Duopolistic competition and optimal switching time from export to FDI in uncertainty
    Author: Koné, Mankan M.; Gaigné, Carl; Tamini, Lota D.
    Published: November 2017
    Publisher:  CIRANO, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations, Montréal

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Scientific series / CIRANO, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations ; 2017s, 23
    Subjects: Foreign Direct Investment; Imperfect Competition; Trade Liberalization; Real Options
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Trade liberalization and the evolution of skill earnings differentials in Brazil
    Published: 15 Mar. 2005
    Publisher:  Dep. de Economía, PUC-RIO, Rio de Janeiro

    Skilled labor earnings differentials decreased during the trade liberalization implemented in Brazil from 1988 to 1995. This paper investigates the role of trade liberalization in explaining these relative earnings move-ments. We perform several... more

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    Skilled labor earnings differentials decreased during the trade liberalization implemented in Brazil from 1988 to 1995. This paper investigates the role of trade liberalization in explaining these relative earnings move-ments. We perform several independent empirical exercises that check the traditional trade transmission mechanism, using disaggregated data on tariffs, prices, earnings, employment and skill intensity. We …find that: i) employment shifted from skilled to unskilled intensive sectors, and each sector increased its relative share of skilled labor; ii) relative prices fell in skill intensive sectors; iii) tariff changes across sectors were not related to skill intensities, but the pass-through from tariffs to prices was larger in skill intensive sectors; iv) the decline in skilled earnings differentials mandated by the price variation predicted by trade was even larger than the observed one. The results are compatible with trade liberalization accounting for the observed relative earnings changes in Brazil. They also highlight the importance of considering the effects of differentiated pass-through from tariffs to prices.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/175988
    Edition: rev. vers
    Series: Texto para discussão / Departamento de Economía, PUC-RIO ; 503
    Subjects: Handelsliberalisierung; Lohnstruktur; Qualifikation; Brasilien; Skill Earnings Differentials; Trade Liberalization; Tariffs Pass-through; Stolper-Samuelson
    Scope: Online-Ressource, 35 p., text, ill
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    Record-last-verified: 30-11-05
  4. Trade liberalization, outsourcing, and firm productivity
    Published: July 2007
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Performance, London

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: CEP discussion paper / Centre for Economic Performance ; 814
    Subjects: Handelsliberalisierung; Outsourcing; Produktivität; Allgemeines Gleichgewicht; Außenwirtschaftstheorie
    Other subjects: Array
    Scope: Online-Ressource, 30 S., Text, graph. Darst.
  5. Vertically differentiated cournot oligopoly
    effects of market expansion and trade liberalization on relative markup and product quality
    Author: Long, Ngo Van; Miao, Zhuang
    Published: December 2019
    Publisher:  CIRANO, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations, Montréal

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Series: Scientific series / CIRANO, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche en analyse des organisations ; 2019s, 28
    Subjects: Multiproduct Firms; Cournot Competition; Vertical Product Differentiation; CostStructure; Market Size; Trade Liberalization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Short-term and long-term effects of trade liberalization
    Author: Lin, Gary C.
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  Department of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Edition: This version: November 9, 2019
    Series: Working paper / Department of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University ; WP 2019, 11 (December 2019)
    Subjects: Human Capital; Trade Liberalization; Youth
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Trade liberalization and Chinese students in US higher education
    Author: Khanna, Gaurav; Shih, Kevin Y.; Weinberger, Ariel; Xu, Mingzhi; Yu, Miaojie
    Published: June 2020
    Publisher:  Center for Global Development, Washington, DC

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    Series: Working paper / Center for Global Development ; 536 (June 2020)
    Subjects: Trade Liberalization; Migration; International Students; Services
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. The rise of Eastern Europe and German labor market reform
    dissecting their effects on employment
    Author: Walter, Timo
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  University of Hohenheim, Dean's Office of the Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany

    From the early 1990s until 2005 the unemployment rate rose in Germany from 7.3% to 11.7%. While the unemployment rate reached its peak in 2005, it decreased steadily in the following years. On the one hand, the fourth stage of the German labor market... more

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    From the early 1990s until 2005 the unemployment rate rose in Germany from 7.3% to 11.7%. While the unemployment rate reached its peak in 2005, it decreased steadily in the following years. On the one hand, the fourth stage of the German labor market reform (Hartz IV) was implemented in 2005 with the intent to cut the unemployment rate. On the other hand, the productivities in Germany and Eastern Europe grew strongly during the same period, enhancing the joint trade. ‘e "rise of the East", in terms of rising trade, is likely to have had an ambiguous e‚ect on the German labor market. ‘is paper investigates the employment e‚ects of the "Hartz IV-Reform". Further, it concentrates on the labor market e‚ects of the German and Eastern European productivity shock. ‘e focus lies on the national and county level (including 402 counties). As the e‚ects on regional labor markets di‚er and take time, the paper builds on the dynamic and spatial trade model of Caliendo et al. (2019). I €nd that the "Hartz IV-Reform" and the German productivity contributes positively to the decline of unemployment, whereas the increase in Eastern European productivity is only responsible for a minor increase in unemployment.

     
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    hdl: 10419/240587
    Series: Hohenheim discussion papers in business, economics and social sciences ; 2021,05
    Subjects: Arbeitsmarktpolitik; Hartz-Reform; Produktivität; Dynamic Trade Model; Labor Market Reform; Trade Liberalization; Productivity Shocks; Germany; Eastern Europe
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (58 Seiten), Diagramme, Karten
  9. Foreign deficit and economic policy
    the case of Mexico
    Author: Huerta González, Arturo
    Published: June 2024
    Publisher:  Levy Economics Institute, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY

    The article analyzes Mexico under globalization, particularly on the free mobility of capital. It argues that globalization has detrimentally impacted the productive and external sectors, causing the economy to become excessively reliant on volatile... more

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    The article analyzes Mexico under globalization, particularly on the free mobility of capital. It argues that globalization has detrimentally impacted the productive and external sectors, causing the economy to become excessively reliant on volatile capital inflows from abroad. The Mexican government-instead of undoing the structural problems that lead to external deficits- implements policies that resolve the short-term liquidity needs and go against economic growth, as if they are promoting capital inflows. The national currency has appreciated greatly and acts only in favor of the financial sector and in detriment of the productive and the external sector. The Mexican economy has fallen into a context of high external vulnerability since it rests on capital inflows. Capital inflows are highly fragile and volatile. They depend not only on internal problems, but also on the world economy and expectations. For this reason, the reliance on capital inflows to appreciate the peso is unsustainable. Given the meager growth of the world economy and trade, globalization is being questioned and various countries are implementing industrial and protectionist policies. If Mexico continues to bet on outward growth through nearshoring, it will have no chance of overcoming the problems it faces. Mexico cannot continue with an economic policy that does not generate endogenous conditions to growth and that has made the economy dependent on the behavior of international financial markets which generate recurrent crises.

     
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    Media type: Book
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    hdl: 10419/300503
    Series: Working paper / Levy Economics Institute of Bard College ; no. 1053
    Subjects: Capital Inflow; Capital Mobility; Exchange Rate; Foreign Investment; Free Trade; Interest Rates; International Capital Movement; Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Trade Liberalization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Trade liberalization, consumption shifting and pollution: evidence from Mexico's used vehicle imports
    Author: Chen, Liang; Garcia-Medina, Cecilia; Wan, Rui
    Published: January 2022
    Publisher:  [Banco de México], [Ciudad de México, México]

    This paper develops a model of used vehicle trade between countries with different environmental regulations regarding vehicle emissions. We show that the US, given its strict environmental regulations, has incentives to export used vehicles to... more

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    This paper develops a model of used vehicle trade between countries with different environmental regulations regarding vehicle emissions. We show that the US, given its strict environmental regulations, has incentives to export used vehicles to Mexico, which impacts air pollution emissions caused by automobile driving in Mexico. Using a unique database on vehicle registration in Mexico and imports after the NAFTA enactment, we find that Mexico's used vehicle imports reduced average pollution emissions generated by vehicles, mainly due to the "technique effect"-differences in emissions of vehicles of comparable model and age between those that operate in the US before being imported (that emit less pollutants) and those operating in Mexico.

     
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    hdl: 10419/251299
    Series: Working papers / Banco de México ; no 2022, 02
    Subjects: Trade Liberalization; Used Vehicles; Pollution Emissions; Technique Effect
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  11. Trade liberalization, collective bargaining and workers
    wages and working conditions
    Author: Alvarez, Bastien; Orefice, Gianluca; Toubal, Farid
    Published: 07.04.22
    Publisher:  CEPII, Paris

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    Series: CEPII working paper ; no. 2022, 02 (April 2022)
    Subjects: Trade Liberalization; Working Conditions; Wages; Labor Market Institutions; Eastern Europe; E.U. Enlargement
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 76 Seiten)
  12. Trade liberalization and firms' corruption engagement
    theory and evidence from China
    Author: Song, Ge
    Published: October 23, 2022
    Publisher:  Department of Economics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Edition: Revised October 23, 2022
    Series: Discussion papers in economics / Department of Economics, University of Colorado Boulder ; no. 22, 05
    Job market paper
    Subjects: Firm Heterogeneity; Domestic Corruption; Destination Corruption Aversion; Trade Liberalization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. When the threat is stronger than the execution
    trade and welfare under oligopoly
    Author: Leahy, Dermot; Neary, J. Peter
    Published: 30 July 2020
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

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    Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    Series: Array ; DP15112
    Subjects: Cournot and Bertrand Competition; Nimzowitsch Region; Oligopoly and Trade; Trade Liberalization; van-der-Rohe Region
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Trade liberalization and Chinese students in US higher education
    Author: Khanna, Gaurav; Shih, Kevin Y.; Weinberger, Ariel; Xu, Mingzhi; Yu, Miaojie
    Published: 2020-05-11
    Publisher:  National School of Development, Peking University, [Beijing]

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Series: Working paper series / China Center for Economic Research ; $lE 2020, 006
    Subjects: International Students; Trade Liberalization; China; Migration
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. The potential impact of environmental goods trade liberalization on trade and emissions
    Author: Bacchetta, Marc; Bekkers, Eddy; Solleder, Jean-Marc; Tresa, Enxhi
    Published: 03 August 2023
    Publisher:  World Trade Organization, Economic Research and Statistics Division, [Geneva]

    We combine econometric estimation with quantitative modelling to generate projections on the trade, GDP, and emissions effects of a potential trade liberalization agreement in energy related environmental goods (EREGs) and environmentally preferable... more

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    We combine econometric estimation with quantitative modelling to generate projections on the trade, GDP, and emissions effects of a potential trade liberalization agreement in energy related environmental goods (EREGs) and environmentally preferable products (EPPs). Trade liberalization can contribute to reduced emissions in two ways in our projections: (i) a reduction of import prices of goods promoting energy efficiency; (ii) a reduction in the costs of intermediate and capital goods used in the production of electricity from renewable sources. We evaluate four scenarios combining reductions in tariffs and non-tariff measures (NTMs) of EREGs and EPPs. Using simulations with the WTO Global Trade Model findings show (i) an increase in exports of EREGs and EPPs both at the global level and in most regions; (ii) a modest increase in GDP in all regions because of falling tariffs, NTMs, and increased energy efficiency; (iii) a modest reduction in global emissions of about 0.6%. The dominant channel is energy efficiency whereas the costs of EREGs as intermediates in renewable energy production play a minor role, with or without end use control.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
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    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/273739
    Edition: Manuscript date: 3 August 2023
    Series: Staff working paper ; ERSD-2023, 05
    Subjects: Environmental Goods (EGs); Trade Liberalization; Emissions; Energy efficiency
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Trade liberalization and Indian manufacturing sector dynamics
    a difference-in-difference estimation approach
    Author: Ahmed, Aaheli; Chakraborty, Debashis
    Published: [2024]
    Publisher:  Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, New Delhi

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    Series: Working paper / Indian Institute of Foreign Trade ; no. EC-24, 71
    Subjects: India; Trade Liberalization; Manufacturing Sector; Skilled and Unskilled workers; Price; Wage; Difference-in-Difference Method; Time-Varying Treatment Estimation
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Trading off the income gains and the inequality costs of trade policy
    Author: Artuc, Erhan; Rijkers, Bob; Porto, Guido G.
    Published: April 2019
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group, Washington, DC, USA

    This paper characterizes the trade-off between the income gains and the inequality costs of trade using survey data for 54 developing countries. Tariff data on agricultural and manufacturing goods are combined with household survey data on detailed... more

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    This paper characterizes the trade-off between the income gains and the inequality costs of trade using survey data for 54 developing countries. Tariff data on agricultural and manufacturing goods are combined with household survey data on detailed income and expenditure patterns to estimate the first-order effects of the elimination of import tariffs on household welfare. The paper assesses how these welfare effects vary across the distribution by estimating impacts on the consumption of traded goods, wage income, farm and non-farm family enterprise income, and government transfers. For each country, the income gains and the inequality costs of trade liberalization are quantified and the trade-offs between them are assessed using an Atkinson social welfare index. The analysis finds average income gains from import tariff liberalization in 45 countries and average income losses in nine countries. Across countries in the sample, the gains from trade are 1.9 percent of real household expenditure on average. We find overwhelming evidence of a trade-off between the income gains (losses) and the inequality costs (gains), which arise because trade tends to exacerbate income inequality: 45 countries face a trade-off, while only nine do not. The income gains typically more than offset the increase in inequality. In the majority of developing countries, the prevailing tariff structure thus induces sizable welfare losses

     
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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 8825
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: Trade Policy; Poverty; Inequality; Households; Social Welfare; Trade Liberalization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 99 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Trading off the income gains and the inequality costs of trade policy
    Author: Artuc, Erhan; Rijkers, Bob; Porto, Guido G.
    Published: April 2019
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group, Washington, DC, USA

    This paper characterizes the trade-off between the income gains and the inequality costs of trade using survey data for 54 developing countries. Tariff data on agricultural and manufacturing goods are combined with household survey data on detailed... more

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    This paper characterizes the trade-off between the income gains and the inequality costs of trade using survey data for 54 developing countries. Tariff data on agricultural and manufacturing goods are combined with household survey data on detailed income and expenditure patterns to estimate the first-order effects of the elimination of import tariffs on household welfare. The paper assesses how these welfare effects vary across the distribution by estimating impacts on the consumption of traded goods, wage income, farm and non-farm family enterprise income, and government transfers. For each country, the income gains and the inequality costs of trade liberalization are quantified and the trade-offs between them are assessed using an Atkinson social welfare index. The analysis finds average income gains from import tariff liberalization in 45 countries and average income losses in nine countries. Across countries in the sample, the gains from trade are 1.9 percent of real household expenditure on average. We find overwhelming evidence of a trade-off between the income gains (losses) and the inequality costs (gains), which arise because trade tends to exacerbate income inequality: 45 countries face a trade-off, while only nine do not. The income gains typically more than offset the increase in inequality. In the majority of developing countries, the prevailing tariff structure thus induces sizable welfare losses

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Series: Policy research working paper ; 8825
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: Trade Policy; Poverty; Inequality; Households; Social Welfare; Trade Liberalization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 99 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. A survey of empirical models of labor transitions following trade liberalization
    Author: Riker, David A.; Swanson, William
    Published: September 2015
    Publisher:  Office of Economics, U.S. International Trade Commission, Washington, DC, USA

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    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
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    VS 173 (2015,9A)
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    Format: Online
    Series: Office of Economics working paper / U.S. International Trade Commission ; no. 2015-09A
    Subjects: Labor Market Transitions; Trade Liberalization; Economics Literature
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 14 Seiten)
  20. Regionalism and falling external protection in high and low tariff members
    Author: Crivelli, Pramila
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  Univ., Genève

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    Series: Working paper series / Geneva School of Economics and Management, Université de Genève ; 14-08-2
    Subjects: Regionalism; Preferential Trade Agreements; Trade Diversion; External Tariff; Trade Liberalization; Tariff Revenue
    Scope: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 32 S.), graph. Darst.
  21. The relationship between services trade and government procurement commitments
    insights from relevant WTO agreements and recent RTAs
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  World Trade Organization, Economic Research and Statistics Div., Geneva

    To date, government procurement has been effectively carved out of the main multilateral rules of the WTO system. This paper examines the systemic and other ramifications of this exclusion, from both an economic and a legal point of view. In addition... more

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    To date, government procurement has been effectively carved out of the main multilateral rules of the WTO system. This paper examines the systemic and other ramifications of this exclusion, from both an economic and a legal point of view. In addition to relevant elements of the WTO Agreements, particularly the Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), it derives insights from a large number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) that embody substantive provisions on both government procurement and services trade. An important finding is that, from an economic perspective, general market access commitments with respect to services trade and commitments regarding government procurement of services are complementary and mutually reinforcing. In contrast, from a legal point of view and at the multilateral level, disciplines in the two areas have been "divided up" into two Agreements with different (but complementary) spheres of application: the key provisions regarding the scope of application of the GATS and the GPA make clear that each serves purposes that the other does not. Analysis of corresponding provisions of RTAs broadly supports and extends this finding. In light of the foregoing, a question arises as to possible ways of deepening disciplines in this area. Part 5 sets out, for reflection, several related options: (i) the built-in mandate in the GATS for negotiations on services procurement (Article XIII:2); (ii) "multilateralization" of the GPA; (iii) the reactivation of work in the (currently inactive) WTO Working Group on Transparency in Government Procurement; and (iv) the taking up of relevant issues in the context of bilateral or regional negotiations. Overall, we find that each of these possibilities has potential merits, though none is without related challenges.

     
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  22. Globalization and state capitalism
    assessing Vietnam's accession to the WTO
    Author: Baccini, Leonardo; Impullitti, Giammario; Malesky, Edmund
    Published: 2017
    Publisher:  Nottingham Centre for Research on Globalisation and Economic Policy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham

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    Keine Speicherung
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Array ; 2017, 10
    Subjects: State Capitalism; State-Owned Enterprises; Trade Liberalization; Heterogeneous Firms,Gains from Trade; WTO; Vietnam
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 101 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Skilled-labor intensity differences across firms, product quality, and wage inequality
    Author: Whang, Unjung
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  Center for Economic Analysis, Dep. of Economics, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colo.

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    Series: Discussion papers in economics / Center for Economic Analysis Department of Economics, University of Colorado at Boulder ; 13-04
    Subjects: Skill Intensity Differences; Trade Liberalization; Heterogeneous Quality; Quality Competition; Wage Inequality
    Scope: Online-Ressource (57 S.), graph. Darst.
  24. Multiproduct firms, income distribution, and trade
    Author: Schafgans, Marcia M. A.; Stibora, Joachim J.
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  LSE, London

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    Series: Economics of industry publications ; 52
    Subjects: Multiproduct Firms; Endogenous Product Scope; Product Quality; Income Distribution; Discrete Choice; Trade Liberalization; Oligopoly
    Scope: Online-Ressource (67 S.)
  25. A theory of trade liberalization and innovations with heterogeneous firms
    Author: Rutzer, Christian
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  WWZ, Basel

    This paper extends the firm heterogeneity model of Melitz (2003) by introducing a new concept of endogenous investments in process R&D. The novelty is that if a firm invests more in R&D its expected innovation return hazard rate stochastically... more

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    This paper extends the firm heterogeneity model of Melitz (2003) by introducing a new concept of endogenous investments in process R&D. The novelty is that if a firm invests more in R&D its expected innovation return hazard rate stochastically dominates the return of less R&D investments. Due to this property, entrants invest more in R&D in response to trade liberalization. As a result, the aggregate productivity is affected by a reallocation of resources to more productive firms and a simultaneous increase in firms' investments in innovations, which is consistent with empirical findings. At the same time the firms' increased R&D investments lead to a sector distribution with a higher right-tail compared to the distribution prior to trade liberalization. Hence, the model gives an explanation for the empirically found differences in the distribution tails among sectors with different trade openness levels. Another advantage of this paper's framework compared to other trade models with innovations is its foundation in and extension of Melitz (2003). It enables most of the heterogeneous firms trade models to be extended by endogenous firm-level R&D in an empirically relevant and analytically tractable way.

     
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    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/123459
    Series: WWZ discussion paper ; 2014,02
    Subjects: Aggregate Level; Firm Size Distribution; Heterogeneous Firms; R&D Investments; Trade Liberalization
    Scope: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 33 S.), graph. Darst.