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  1. Product markets' deregulation
    a more productive, more efficient and more resilient economy?
    Author: Monteiro, Gustavo; Gouveia, Ana Fontoura; Santos, Sílvia
    Published: [2017]
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    This paper assesses the impact of product market deregulation in upstream sectors on the productivity growth of firms in downstream sectors (i.e. those firms using the output of the reformed sectors as inputs in their production process). Relying on... more

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    This paper assesses the impact of product market deregulation in upstream sectors on the productivity growth of firms in downstream sectors (i.e. those firms using the output of the reformed sectors as inputs in their production process). Relying on a firm level database for the period 2004-2014 covering all Portuguese firms, we show that reforms bring productivity gains already in the short-run and that are sustained in the long-run. The effects are more positive for those further away from the technological frontier and are also heterogeneous across sectors. In addition, reforms potentiate the exit of the least productive firms, improving the resource allocation in the economy by a process of selection – for the least productive, only those that have scope to catch-up with the frontier are able to remain. Finally, we show that the adoption of product market reforms in upstream sectors leads to a more resilient economy, better equipped to face adverse shocks.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
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    Series: OECD productivity working papers ; no. 09 (September 2017)
    Subjects: Structural Reforms; Product Markets; Total Factor Productivity; Growth; Exit Rates; ResourceAllocation; Resilience; Science and Technology; Economics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  2. Product markets' deregulation
    a more productive, more efficient and more resilient economy?
    Author: Monteiro, Gustavo; Gouveia, Ana Fontoura; Santos, Sílvia
    Published: [2017]
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    This paper assesses the impact of product market deregulation in upstream sectors on the productivity growth of firms in downstream sectors (i.e. those firms using the output of the reformed sectors as inputs in their production process). Relying on... more

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    This paper assesses the impact of product market deregulation in upstream sectors on the productivity growth of firms in downstream sectors (i.e. those firms using the output of the reformed sectors as inputs in their production process). Relying on a firm level database for the period 2004-2014 covering all Portuguese firms, we show that reforms bring productivity gains already in the short-run and that are sustained in the long-run. The effects are more positive for those further away from the technological frontier and are also heterogeneous across sectors. In addition, reforms potentiate the exit of the least productive firms, improving the resource allocation in the economy by a process of selection – for the least productive, only those that have scope to catch-up with the frontier are able to remain. Finally, we show that the adoption of product market reforms in upstream sectors leads to a more resilient economy, better equipped to face adverse shocks.

     
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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Series: OECD productivity working papers ; no. 09 (September 2017)
    Subjects: Structural Reforms; Product Markets; Total Factor Productivity; Growth; Exit Rates; ResourceAllocation; Resilience; Science and Technology; Economics
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Firm-level employment, labour market reforms, and bank distress
    Author: Stieglitz, Moritz; Setzer, Ralph
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    We explore the interaction between labour market reforms and financial frictions. Our study combines a new cross-country reform database on labour market reforms with matched firmbank data for nine euro area countries over the period 1999 to 2013.... more

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    We explore the interaction between labour market reforms and financial frictions. Our study combines a new cross-country reform database on labour market reforms with matched firmbank data for nine euro area countries over the period 1999 to 2013. While we find that labour market reforms are overall effective in increasing employment, restricted access to bank credit can undo up to half of long-term employment gains at the firm-level. Entrepreneurs without sufficient access to credit cannot reap the full benefits of more exible employment regulation.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Ebook
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789289939034
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    hdl: 10419/228212
    Series: Working paper series / European Central Bank ; no 2334 (December 2019)
    Subjects: Structural Reforms; Bank Stress; Employment Protection; Unemployment Insurance
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The macroeconomic effects of structural reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean
    Author: David, Antonio C.; Komatsuzaki, Takuji; Pienknagura, Samuel
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    This paper estimates the macroeconomic effects of structural reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) using the dataset constructed by Alesina and others (2020). We find that large changes in the reform index have positive effects on GDP and... more

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    This paper estimates the macroeconomic effects of structural reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) using the dataset constructed by Alesina and others (2020). We find that large changes in the reform index have positive effects on GDP and employment that reach 2 percent after 5 years. Furthermore, reforms boost investment, exports, imports, and reduce export concentration, in addition to favoring tradable sectors. Nonetheless, the results also indicate that the effects of reforms have not been uniform across different segments of the population. These findings bring to the forefront the need to consider accompanying policies to ensure that reforms promote inclusive growth. Moreover, evidence from country case studies using the synthetic control method point to heterogeneous effects of reforms on income per capita

     
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  5. Post-Covid-19 recovery and resilience
    leveraging reforms for growth and inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Author: Hong, Gee Hee; Igan, Deniz; Lee, Do
    Published: February 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    Covid-19 has exacerbated economic and social vulnerabilities across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). There is a risk that growth could be lower for longer, with a setback to development. Post-pandemic reforms thus become even more important, especially with... more

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    Covid-19 has exacerbated economic and social vulnerabilities across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). There is a risk that growth could be lower for longer, with a setback to development. Post-pandemic reforms thus become even more important, especially with constrained scope for fiscal and monetary stimuli. Reforms could boost per capita growth by an additional 0.3-1.3 percentage points, relative to the 1.9 percent average since 2010. Such growth would reduce per capita income doubling time from 37 years to about 22 years. Low-income countries stand to gain the most from reforms. The largest gains come from governance, products markets, and factor accumulation. Importantly, these reforms can be implemented in the post-pandemic environment characterized by weaker social and distributional outcomes

     
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  6. Labor market reforms and earnings dynamics
    the Italian case
    Author: Hoffmann, Eran B.; Malacrino, Davide; Pistaferri, Luigi
    Published: May 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This paper summarizes statistics on the key aspects of the distribution of earnings levels and earnings changes using administrative (social security) data from Italy between 1985 and 2016. During the time covered by our data, earnings inequality and... more

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    This paper summarizes statistics on the key aspects of the distribution of earnings levels and earnings changes using administrative (social security) data from Italy between 1985 and 2016. During the time covered by our data, earnings inequality and earnings volatility increased, while earnings mobility did not change significantly. We connect these trends with some salient facts about the Italian labor market, in particular the labor market reforms of the 1990s and 2000s which induced a substantial rise in fixedterm and part-time employment. The rise in parttime work explains much of the rise in earnings inequality, while the rise in fixed-term contracts explains much of the rise in volatility. Both these trends affect the earnings distribution through hours worked: part-time jobs reduce hours worked within a week, while fixed-term contracts reduce the number of weeks worked during the year as well as increase their volatility. We find weak evidence that fixed-term contracts represent a "stepping-stone" to permanent employment. Finally, we offer suggestive evidence that the labor market reforms contributed to the slowdown in labor productivity in Italy by delaying human capital accumulation (in the form of general and firm-specific experience) of recent cohorts

     
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  7. Identifying reform priorities
    the role of non-linearities
    Author: Hellwig, Klaus-Peter
    Published: December 2020
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    Can countries improve their business climate through reforms in specific policy areas? Kraay and Tawara (2013) find that the answer depends on how we measure the business climate. When regressing seven different business climate indices on 38 policy... more

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    Can countries improve their business climate through reforms in specific policy areas? Kraay and Tawara (2013) find that the answer depends on how we measure the business climate. When regressing seven different business climate indices on 38 policy indicators, they find little agreement among the seven models as to which of those policy indicators matter most. I revisit this puzzle using the same data but replacing their linear models with a Random Forest algorithm. I find a strong consensus across models on the importance ranking of policy indicators: No matter which business climate index is considered, the top ten contributors to a better business climate always include high recovery rates in insolvency proceedings (i.e., cents on the dollar for creditors), shorter border formalities for both importers and exporters, and low costs for starting a business. I show that the marginal effect of reforms is heterogeneous across countries and document how reform priorities depend on country specific circumstances

     
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  8. Essays in economic growth and climate policy
    Author: Baccianti, Claudio
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  Tilburg University, Tilburg

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Dissertation
    Format: Online
    ISBN: 9789056686680
    Other identifier:
    Series: [Dissertation series] / [Center for Economic Research, Tilburg University] ; [nr. 666 (2021)]
    Subjects: Directed Technical Change; Carbon Leakage; Climate Change Mitigation; Growth Policy; Climate Policy; Structural Reforms; Energy Demand; Economic Growth; Environmental Economics; Energy Efficiency; Market Power; Manufacturing; Productivity Growth; Electricity; Macroeconomics; Empirical Analysis; Interaction
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 182 Seiten), Illustrationen
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    Dissertation, Tilburg University, 2021
  9. Post-reform trends in wage inequality
    the case of urban Bolivia
    Author: Spatz, Julius; Steiner, Susan
    Published: 2002
    Publisher:  Inst. for World Economics, Kiel

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  10. The impact of structural reforms on wages and employment
    the case of formal versus informal workers in Bolivia
    Author: Spatz, Julius
    Published: 2003
    Publisher:  Inst. for World Economics, Kiel

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  11. The Impact of Structural Reforms on Wages and Employment : The Case of Formal versus Informal Workers in Bolivia
    Author: Spatz, Julius
    Published: 2003
    Publisher:  Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW), Kiel

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  12. Identifying reform priorities
    the role of non-linearities
    Author: Hellwig, Klaus-Peter
    Published: December 2020
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    Can countries improve their business climate through reforms in specific policy areas? Kraay and Tawara (2013) find that the answer depends on how we measure the business climate. When regressing seven different business climate indices on 38 policy... more

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    Can countries improve their business climate through reforms in specific policy areas? Kraay and Tawara (2013) find that the answer depends on how we measure the business climate. When regressing seven different business climate indices on 38 policy indicators, they find little agreement among the seven models as to which of those policy indicators matter most. I revisit this puzzle using the same data but replacing their linear models with a Random Forest algorithm. I find a strong consensus across models on the importance ranking of policy indicators: No matter which business climate index is considered, the top ten contributors to a better business climate always include high recovery rates in insolvency proceedings (i.e., cents on the dollar for creditors), shorter border formalities for both importers and exporters, and low costs for starting a business. I show that the marginal effect of reforms is heterogeneous across countries and document how reform priorities depend on country specific circumstances

     
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  13. Post-Covid-19 recovery and resilience
    leveraging reforms for growth and inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Author: Hong, Gee Hee; Igan, Deniz; Lee, Do
    Published: February 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    Covid-19 has exacerbated economic and social vulnerabilities across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). There is a risk that growth could be lower for longer, with a setback to development. Post-pandemic reforms thus become even more important, especially with... more

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    Covid-19 has exacerbated economic and social vulnerabilities across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). There is a risk that growth could be lower for longer, with a setback to development. Post-pandemic reforms thus become even more important, especially with constrained scope for fiscal and monetary stimuli. Reforms could boost per capita growth by an additional 0.3-1.3 percentage points, relative to the 1.9 percent average since 2010. Such growth would reduce per capita income doubling time from 37 years to about 22 years. Low-income countries stand to gain the most from reforms. The largest gains come from governance, products markets, and factor accumulation. Importantly, these reforms can be implemented in the post-pandemic environment characterized by weaker social and distributional outcomes

     
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  14. The macroeconomic effects of structural reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean
    Author: David, Antonio C.; Komatsuzaki, Takuji; Pienknagura, Samuel
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, DC]

    This paper estimates the macroeconomic effects of structural reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) using the dataset constructed by Alesina and others (2020). We find that large changes in the reform index have positive effects on GDP and... more

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    This paper estimates the macroeconomic effects of structural reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) using the dataset constructed by Alesina and others (2020). We find that large changes in the reform index have positive effects on GDP and employment that reach 2 percent after 5 years. Furthermore, reforms boost investment, exports, imports, and reduce export concentration, in addition to favoring tradable sectors. Nonetheless, the results also indicate that the effects of reforms have not been uniform across different segments of the population. These findings bring to the forefront the need to consider accompanying policies to ensure that reforms promote inclusive growth. Moreover, evidence from country case studies using the synthetic control method point to heterogeneous effects of reforms on income per capita

     
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  15. Labor market reforms and earnings dynamics
    the Italian case
    Author: Hoffmann, Eran B.; Malacrino, Davide; Pistaferri, Luigi
    Published: May 2021
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This paper summarizes statistics on the key aspects of the distribution of earnings levels and earnings changes using administrative (social security) data from Italy between 1985 and 2016. During the time covered by our data, earnings inequality and... more

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    This paper summarizes statistics on the key aspects of the distribution of earnings levels and earnings changes using administrative (social security) data from Italy between 1985 and 2016. During the time covered by our data, earnings inequality and earnings volatility increased, while earnings mobility did not change significantly. We connect these trends with some salient facts about the Italian labor market, in particular the labor market reforms of the 1990s and 2000s which induced a substantial rise in fixedterm and part-time employment. The rise in parttime work explains much of the rise in earnings inequality, while the rise in fixed-term contracts explains much of the rise in volatility. Both these trends affect the earnings distribution through hours worked: part-time jobs reduce hours worked within a week, while fixed-term contracts reduce the number of weeks worked during the year as well as increase their volatility. We find weak evidence that fixed-term contracts represent a "stepping-stone" to permanent employment. Finally, we offer suggestive evidence that the labor market reforms contributed to the slowdown in labor productivity in Italy by delaying human capital accumulation (in the form of general and firm-specific experience) of recent cohorts

     
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  16. Assessing the macroeconomic impact of structural reforms in Chile
    Author: Hadzi-Vaskov, Metodij
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This study investigates the likely macroeconomic impact of various structural reforms that align the Chilean regulatory framework with international best practices. In this context, the analysis: i) presents a comparison across a large set of... more

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    This study investigates the likely macroeconomic impact of various structural reforms that align the Chilean regulatory framework with international best practices. In this context, the analysis: i) presents a comparison across a large set of structural indicators; ii) identifies policy gaps with respect to OECD countries; and iii) provides quantification of the likely growth and fiscal impact of policy reforms needed to close the gaps. Chile's economy is likely to benefit from streamlining business regulation and licensing, strengthening innovation and R and D capacity, improving labor market flexibility, and enhancing active labor market policies. Overall, the study presents a scenario in which Chile closes structural gaps with OECD's 25th percentile over five years, with up to 6 percent higher output level and a cumulative net fiscal gain of about 1\2 percent of GDP

     
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  17. Assessing the macroeconomic impact of structural reforms in Chile
    Author: Hadzi-Vaskov, Metodij
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This study investigates the likely macroeconomic impact of various structural reforms that align the Chilean regulatory framework with international best practices. In this context, the analysis: i) presents a comparison across a large set of... more

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    This study investigates the likely macroeconomic impact of various structural reforms that align the Chilean regulatory framework with international best practices. In this context, the analysis: i) presents a comparison across a large set of structural indicators; ii) identifies policy gaps with respect to OECD countries; and iii) provides quantification of the likely growth and fiscal impact of policy reforms needed to close the gaps. Chile's economy is likely to benefit from streamlining business regulation and licensing, strengthening innovation and R and D capacity, improving labor market flexibility, and enhancing active labor market policies. Overall, the study presents a scenario in which Chile closes structural gaps with OECD's 25th percentile over five years, with up to 6 percent higher output level and a cumulative net fiscal gain of about 1\2 percent of GDP

     
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