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  1. <<Das>> Formular
    Contributor: Plener, Peter (Herausgeber); Werber, Niels (Herausgeber); Wolf, Burkhardt (Herausgeber)
    Published: [2021]
    Publisher:  J.B. Metzler, Berlin, Germany

    Wenn stimmt, was bereits Friedrich Schiller beklagt hat: dass der Mensch in der modernen Gesellschaft „zum Formular geworden“ ist, dann steht mit diesem unscheinbaren Verwaltungs-tool nichts weniger als unsere Lebenswirklichkeit auf dem Spiel. Der... more

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    Lippische Landesbibliothek - Theologische Bibliothek und Mediothek
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    Universitätsbibliothek Paderborn
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    Wenn stimmt, was bereits Friedrich Schiller beklagt hat: dass der Mensch in der modernen Gesellschaft „zum Formular geworden“ ist, dann steht mit diesem unscheinbaren Verwaltungs-tool nichts weniger als unsere Lebenswirklichkeit auf dem Spiel. Der erste (Open Access-)Band der Reihe AdminiStudies beschäftigt sich deshalb mit der Funktion und Geschichte von Formularen, jenen institutionalisierten Lückentexten, die den Alltag der Bürger dadurch entscheidend prägen, dass sie die Befehlsgewalt des Staats und seinen Willen zum Wissen auf zwingende Weise verschränken. Von Blanketten und handgeschriebenen Formularbüchern über Vordrucke zur militärischen und steuerlichen Erfassung bis hin zu den Telegramm-Vorlagen des 19. Jahrhunderts und zu den digitalen Schreibfeldern heutiger Ämter und Social Media reicht die Macht- und Mediengeschichte des Formulars. Die Grenze zwischen Untertanen, Bürgern und Kunden ist durchlässig geworden, und an den Affordanzen digitaler Formulare lassen sich die gegenwärtigen Bauformen administrativer Herrschaft ablesen

     
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  2. Enforcing public-private partnership contract
    how do fiscal institutions matter?
    Author: Nose, Manabu
    Published: October 15, 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have increased rapidly in emerging and developing countries, creating both opportunities and fiscal challenges. One of the main challenges is that while governments have increased commitments in guarantees and... more

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    Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have increased rapidly in emerging and developing countries, creating both opportunities and fiscal challenges. One of the main challenges is that while governments have increased commitments in guarantees and direct subsidies to promote PPPs, contractual disputes remain high with significant costs. This paper examines how fiscal institutions affect the selection of PPP contracts and the probability of contract disputes using about 6,000 PPP contract-level data. The analysis shows that larger government financing needs, lower budget transparency and bureaucratic efficiency are associated with higher probability for governments to offer guarantees. Propensity score matching results show that disputes are more common for guaranteed contracts due to adverse selection and contingent liability effects. PPP management quality and budget transparency are found to be key determinants for a longer survival of PPPs

     
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  3. Currency mismatches and vulnerability to exchange rate shocks
    nonfinancial firms in Colombia
    Author: Barajas, Adolfo; Restrepo Ochoa, Sergio Iván; Steiner, Roberto; Medellín, Juan Camilo; Pabón, César
    Published: November 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    After building up foreign currency denominated (FC) liabilities over several years, Colombian firms might be vulnerable to a shift in external conditions. We undertake three empirical exercises to better understand these vulnerabilities. First, we... more

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    After building up foreign currency denominated (FC) liabilities over several years, Colombian firms might be vulnerable to a shift in external conditions. We undertake three empirical exercises to better understand these vulnerabilities. First, we identify the determinants of FC borrowing. Second, we investigate the implications for real activity, finding a balance sheet effect that transmits exchange rate fluctuations to investment and is asymmetric, much stronger for depreciations than for appreciations. Finally, we find that foreign exchange derivatives are not used solely for hedging, due in part to monetary authority intervention to smooth exchange rate volatility. However, a full explanation remains open for future research

     
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  4. Reassessing the perimeter of government accounts in China
    Author: Mano, Rui C.; Stokoe, Phil
    Published: November 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    China's official general government accounts do not include off-budget quasi-fiscal spending unlike the IMF's augmented government accounts. This paper argues that the broader concept of augmented government remains relevant despite recent positive... more

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    China's official general government accounts do not include off-budget quasi-fiscal spending unlike the IMF's augmented government accounts. This paper argues that the broader concept of augmented government remains relevant despite recent positive measures to separate off-budget units from the government. In fact, new avenues to finance public infrastructure, such as Special Construction Funds and Government Guided Funds, have emerged and this paper re-defines the perimeter of augmented government to include them. Finally, concrete steps for improving China's fiscal accounts are put forward. If these steps are taken, the perimeter of general government would expand relative to official statistics but would likely be narrower than where augmented aggregates place it

     
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  5. State-owned enterprises in emerging Europe
    the good, the bad, and the ugly
    Author: Böwer, Uwe
    Published: October 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    State-owned enterprises (SOEs) play an important role in Emerging Europe's economies, notably in the energy and transport sectors. Based on a new firm-level dataset, this paper reviews the SOE landscape, assesses SOE performance across countries and... more

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    State-owned enterprises (SOEs) play an important role in Emerging Europe's economies, notably in the energy and transport sectors. Based on a new firm-level dataset, this paper reviews the SOE landscape, assesses SOE performance across countries and vis-a-vis private firms, and evaluates recent SOE governance reform experience in 11 Emerging European countries, as well as Sweden as a benchmark. Profitability and efficiency of resource allocation of SOEs lag those of private firms in most sectors, with substantial cross-country variation. Poor SOE performance raises three main risks: large and risky contingent liabilities could stretch public finances; sizeable state ownership of banks coupled with poor governance could threaten financial stability; and negative productivity spillovers could affect the economy at large. SOE governance frameworks are partly weak and should be strengthened along three lines: fleshing out a consistent ownership policy; giving teeth to financial oversight; and making SOE boards more professional

     
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  6. Nowcashing
    using daily fiscal data for real-time macroeconomic analysis
    Author: Misch, Florian; Olden, Brian; Poplawski-Ribeiro, Marcos; Kejji, Lamya
    Published: October 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Traditionally, fiscal data for policy analysis are derived from official reports that, depending on the country, are published either monthly, quarterly or annually, often with significant time lags. However, innovations in digitalization of... more

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    Traditionally, fiscal data for policy analysis are derived from official reports that, depending on the country, are published either monthly, quarterly or annually, often with significant time lags. However, innovations in digitalization of government payments and accounting systems mean that real-time daily fiscal data exist in many countries. In this paper, we argue that these data contain valuable, but underutilized and underexploited information. Possible uses include (i) realtime fiscal surveillance which allows for much more timely responses to emerging signs of fiscal stress, and (ii) nowcasting economic activity, which is especially useful in countries where higher frequency GDP statistics are unavailable

     
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  7. Kingdom of Swaziland
    selected issues
    Published: September 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This paper highlights that banks and nonbank financial institutions, businesses and households have large exposures to the government and, in some cases, their own vulnerabilities. In this context, a fiscal shock can rapidly propagate into the... more

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    This paper highlights that banks and nonbank financial institutions, businesses and households have large exposures to the government and, in some cases, their own vulnerabilities. In this context, a fiscal shock can rapidly propagate into the economy through the financial sector. The financial sector is also likely to amplify the impact of shocks on the economy, possibly opening the way to deep recession. In the case of an extreme shock with difficulties in servicing debt, the banking system capitalization would be significantly hit. Staff analysis highlights the need for fiscal consolidation and for strengthening the CBS's role in monitoring and managing macrofinancial risks. Since 2015, the government's balance sheet, liquidity, and risk exposures have been rapidly deteriorating, raising concerns about the impact on other sectors of the economy. As in many countries, the government in Swaziland is a major economic player with strong linkages with both the financial and nonfinancial sectors

     
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  8. Uganda
    technical assistance report : developing the charter for fiscal responsibility
    Published: September 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Technical Assistance Report discusses recommendations for developing a 'Charter for Fiscal Responsibility' in Uganda. Publication of a 'Charter for Fiscal Responsibility' at the start of each new Parliament is a requirement of Uganda's new... more

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    This Technical Assistance Report discusses recommendations for developing a 'Charter for Fiscal Responsibility' in Uganda. Publication of a 'Charter for Fiscal Responsibility' at the start of each new Parliament is a requirement of Uganda's new Public Financial Management Act. The Charter should set out measurable medium-term objectives for fiscal policy, and explain the methodology, data, and procedures by which performance against the objectives would be measured. The Charter should also be used to develop transparent fiscal reporting requirements and establish the role of fiscal objectives in underpinning the annual budget process

     
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  9. Uganda
    technical assistance report : drafting the public finance management regulations
    Published: September 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Technical Assistance Report proposes draft regulations to address issues in the provisions of the Public Finance Management Bill 2012. The draft regulations propose a virement regime which serves to protect the composition of the budget, in... more

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    This Technical Assistance Report proposes draft regulations to address issues in the provisions of the Public Finance Management Bill 2012. The draft regulations propose a virement regime which serves to protect the composition of the budget, in particular prevention of virement between development and recurrent spending which will be particularly important in light of the new fiscal environment. It is also proposed to further strengthen the expenditure controls through a requirement to regularize excess expenditures through the contingencies fund and requiring reporting of outstanding payments

     
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  10. Uganda
    technical assistance report : implementing the public financial management bill
    Published: September 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Technical Assistance Report discusses recommendations for implementing the Public Financial Management (PFM) Bill in Uganda. The finalization of the PFM Bill has reached an advanced stage with Parliamentary approval expected in the coming... more

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    This Technical Assistance Report discusses recommendations for implementing the Public Financial Management (PFM) Bill in Uganda. The finalization of the PFM Bill has reached an advanced stage with Parliamentary approval expected in the coming months. The IMF mission strongly recommends that the petroleum revenue management provisions in the Bill are revisited. In particular this should include clearly defining the nature of the funds and its objectives. The reporting arrangements should also be clarified and the specialist audit arrangements specified. Finally, the Bill should be enhanced to ensure that investment risks are limited and to protect against its use as a development fund

     
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  11. Uganda
    technical assistance report : managing and preventing expenditure arrears
    Published: September 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Technical Assistance Report discusses recommendation for managing and preventing expenditure arrears in Uganda. There is need to reconcile the verified stock of arrears with those reported in the annual financial statements. The verification for... more

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    This Technical Assistance Report discusses recommendation for managing and preventing expenditure arrears in Uganda. There is need to reconcile the verified stock of arrears with those reported in the annual financial statements. The verification for Budgetary Central Government must be completed, and mechanisms for regular reporting and verification of arrears by local government and the broader public sector must be established. It is also recommended to develop and publish an arrears clearance strategy including prioritization criteria, liquidation policy and institutional responsibility for monitoring and clearance of arrears

     
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  12. Sweden
    financial sector assessment program : technical note : supervision and oversight of financial market infrastructures
    Published: October 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Technical Note discusses the findings and recommendations made in the Financial Sector Assessment Program for Sweden in the areas of supervision and oversight of financial market infrastructures (FMIs). FMIs in Sweden are subject to appropriate... more

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    This Technical Note discusses the findings and recommendations made in the Financial Sector Assessment Program for Sweden in the areas of supervision and oversight of financial market infrastructures (FMIs). FMIs in Sweden are subject to appropriate and effective supervision and oversight by the Finansinspektionen (Financial Supervisory Authority, FI) and Sveriges Riksbank (Riksbank). The scope, basis, and objectives of each authority's supervision and oversight are clearly defined and disclosed. There is evidence that the authorities' supervision and oversight have effectively improved risk management practices at Swedish FMIs. There is also effective cooperation between the FI and Riksbank in the supervision and oversight of FMIs. The risk management at Nasdaq Clearing appears to be sound

     
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  13. Uganda
    technical assistance report : report on government finance statistics
    Published: October 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Technical Assistance Report discusses technical advice and recommendations given by the IMF mission to the authorities of Uganda regarding compilation and dissemination of government finance statistics in accordance with the guidelines of... more

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    This Technical Assistance Report discusses technical advice and recommendations given by the IMF mission to the authorities of Uganda regarding compilation and dissemination of government finance statistics in accordance with the guidelines of Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001/14. The IMF mission, in collaboration with the Uganda Bureau of Statistics, the Bank of Uganda, and the Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development, produced a new institutional table that can be further reviewed, adopted, and used as a standard for the entire government of Uganda in the production of statistics. The IMF mission recommends that the government of Uganda continue to disseminate government finance statistics to the IMF and the East African Community and start disseminating a broader range of public sector debt statistics through the World Bank

     
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  14. Uganda
    technical assistance report : report on government finance statistics
    Published: October 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Technical Assistance Report discusses technical advice and recommendations given by the IMF mission to the authorities of Uganda regarding compilation and dissemination of government finance statistics and public sector debt statistics according... more

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    This Technical Assistance Report discusses technical advice and recommendations given by the IMF mission to the authorities of Uganda regarding compilation and dissemination of government finance statistics and public sector debt statistics according to international standards. Automation of the collection of source data for extra-budgetary units and local governments is recommended, first through the use of data collection templates and second through incorporation of these institutional units into the Integrated Financial Management and Information System. Historical data on the stock of arrears and related repayments should also be provided to enable assessment of progress on reducing and clearing arrears

     
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  15. Uganda
    technical assistance report : report on the financial transactions and balance sheets mission
    Published: September 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Technical Assistance Report discusses technical advice and recommendations given by the IMF mission to the authorities of Uganda regarding development of financial transactions and balance sheets. The IMF mission suggested developing the... more

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    This Technical Assistance Report discusses technical advice and recommendations given by the IMF mission to the authorities of Uganda regarding development of financial transactions and balance sheets. The IMF mission suggested developing the financial transactions and balance sheets based on a holistic approach following the integrated sectoral accounts framework of the 2008 System of National Accounts. This approach will highlight the interconnection of the four main sectors of the Ugandan economy. The IMF mission judged that development of experimental financial transactions and sector balance sheets is possible in the near future. However, the development of final accounts that are consistent with nonfinancial accounts would take two to three more years and would depend on acquisition of additional source data

     
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  16. Uganda
    technical assistance report : report on the monetary and financial statistics mission
    Published: September 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Technical Assistance Report discusses the technical advice and recommendations given by the IMF mission to the authorities of Uganda regarding mapping of source data for savings and credit cooperatives to the IMF's Standardized Report Form 2SR.... more

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    This Technical Assistance Report discusses the technical advice and recommendations given by the IMF mission to the authorities of Uganda regarding mapping of source data for savings and credit cooperatives to the IMF's Standardized Report Form 2SR. The IMF mission's recommendations are aimed at improving the collection and compilation of monetary statistics for other depository and financial corporations based on the Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual (MFSM). The compilation of monetary statistics and the expansion of its institutional coverage based on the MFSM will improve data quality and usefulness for policy analysis

     
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  17. Mauritius
    technical assistance report : towards accrual accounting and the adoption of international standards
    Published: October 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Technical Assistance Report discusses the technical advice and recommendations of the IMF mission to the authorities of Mauritius regarding implementation of an accrual accounting framework and the adoption of international standards. It is... more

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    This Technical Assistance Report discusses the technical advice and recommendations of the IMF mission to the authorities of Mauritius regarding implementation of an accrual accounting framework and the adoption of international standards. It is recommended that the International Public Sector Accounting Standards be applied by all public sector entities unless the primary objective of the entity is return on investor equity. This will simplify the framework and the implementation effort and will lead to efficiencies in the preparation of consolidated financial statements. Moreover, the accrual financial statements should be compared and reconciled with budget and budgetary reports

     
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  18. Malawi
    technical assistance report : strengthening fundamental controls and reporting
    Published: November 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Technical Assistance Report discusses the technical advice and recommendations of the IMF mission to the authorities of Malawi regarding strengthening fundamental controls and reporting. The government is determined to restore control over... more

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    This Technical Assistance Report discusses the technical advice and recommendations of the IMF mission to the authorities of Malawi regarding strengthening fundamental controls and reporting. The government is determined to restore control over public funds. Considerable progress has been made on the reconciliation of the 2015/16 transactions of selected bank accounts. Issues related to transactions before 2015/16 should be investigated and resolved. The auditor general and the Central Internal Audit Unit (CIAU) are investigating unmatched or potentially duplicate payments for 2009-June 2015. It is recommended that the accountant general investigate possible duplicate payments identified by the CIAU

     
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  19. Georgia
    first review under the extended fund facility and request for modification of performance criteria : press release; and staff report
    Published: December 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This paper discusses Georgia's First Review Under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria (PCs). The program is on track with all end-June 2017 performance criteria and structural benchmarks met. Economic... more

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    This paper discusses Georgia's First Review Under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria (PCs). The program is on track with all end-June 2017 performance criteria and structural benchmarks met. Economic activity has strengthened on the back of stronger growth in main trading partners. Fiscal overperformance and efforts to address structural weaknesses have helped boost confidence. The economic recovery is gaining momentum, inflation is projected to decline starting in early 2018, and the external position has strengthened. The IMF staff supports the authorities' request for completion of the First Review under the EFF and the modification of three quantitative PCs

     
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  20. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and GDP
    what national accounts bring to the table
    Author: Alexander, Thomas; Dziobek, Claudia; Galeza, Tadeusz
    Published: March 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2015 represent a new global consensus to end poverty, promote prosperity, and protect the environment. Goal 8 seeks to improve global resource efficiency in consumption... more

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    The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2015 represent a new global consensus to end poverty, promote prosperity, and protect the environment. Goal 8 seeks to improve global resource efficiency in consumption and production and to decouple economic growth (GDP) from environmental degradation while Goal 12 focuses on sustainable consumption and production. While GDP does not capture these broader goals, we suggest that the System of National Accounts which incorporates but goes well beyond GDP, can be used for the measurement of these SDGs and to support policy. We construct a conceptual 'super balance sheet' with an expanded asset boundary to include durable consumer goods used to produce services, human capital, and access to resources such as clean water and air, education, health, and infrastructure, to produce an expanded household net worth

     
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  21. A model to assess the probabilities of growth, fiscal, and financial crises
    Author: Basu, Suman S.; Chamon, Marcos; Crowe, Christopher
    Published: December 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    This paper summarizes a suite of early warning models to assess the probabilities of growth, fiscal, and financial crises in advanced economies and emerging markets. We estimate separate signal-extraction models for each type of crisis and sample of... more

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    This paper summarizes a suite of early warning models to assess the probabilities of growth, fiscal, and financial crises in advanced economies and emerging markets. We estimate separate signal-extraction models for each type of crisis and sample of countries, and we use our results to generate 'histories of vulnerabilities' for countries, regions, and the world. For the global financial crisis, our models report that vulnerabilities in advanced economies were rooted in the bursting of leveraged bubbles, while vulnerabilities in emerging markets stemmed from lengthy booms in credit and asset prices combined with growing weaknesses in the corporate and external sectors

     
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  22. Bank lending in the knowledge economy
    Author: Dell'Ariccia, Giovanni; Kadyrzhanova, Dalida; Minoiu, Camelia; Ratnovski, Lev
    Published: November 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    We study bank portfolio allocations during the transition of the real sector to a knowledge economy in which firms use less tangible capital and invest more in intangible assets. We show that, as firms shift toward intangible assets that have lower... more

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    We study bank portfolio allocations during the transition of the real sector to a knowledge economy in which firms use less tangible capital and invest more in intangible assets. We show that, as firms shift toward intangible assets that have lower collateral values, banks reallocate their portfolios away from commercial loans toward other assets, primarily residential real estate loans and liquid assets. This effect is more pronounced for large and less well capitalized banks and is robust to controlling for real estate loan demand. Our results suggest that increased firm investment in intangible assets can explain up to 20% of bank portfolio reallocation from commercial to residential lending over the last four decades

     
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  23. Côte d'Ivoire
    technical assistance report : modernizing the analysis, monitoring, and disclosure of fiscal risks
    Published: March 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

    This Technical Assistance Report discusses the findings and recommendations made by the IMF mission about modernizing the analysis, monitoring and disclosure of fiscal risks in Cote d'Ivoire. It was found that existing practices for identifying,... more

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    This Technical Assistance Report discusses the findings and recommendations made by the IMF mission about modernizing the analysis, monitoring and disclosure of fiscal risks in Cote d'Ivoire. It was found that existing practices for identifying, monitoring and disclosing fiscal risks are still limited and fall below emerging country standards. There is no centralized process, at the level of the economic and financial ministries, no comprehensive identification, quantification and, even less so, monitoring of fiscal risks. Efforts should continue in the direction of proactive management of fiscal risks. Such management would be a determining factor in maintaining the strong economic dynamic of the Ivoirian economy

     
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  24. Carry trade vs. deposit-driven euroization
    Author: Geng, Nan; Scutaru, Tiberiu; Wiegand, Johannes
    Published: March 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Financial 'euroization'-or 'dollarization' outside of Central and Eastern Europe-is typically analyzed as a singular phenomenon that can be traced to a common set of factors. This paper argues that two types of euroization need to be distinguished,... more

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    Financial 'euroization'-or 'dollarization' outside of Central and Eastern Europe-is typically analyzed as a singular phenomenon that can be traced to a common set of factors. This paper argues that two types of euroization need to be distinguished, which have different causes, economic consequences, and policy implications: carry trade euroization that emerges when households and corporations seek to exploit interest rate differentials between foreign currency loans and local currency deposits, and deposit-driven euroization that is rooted in distrust in the local currency as a savings vehicle. We present a theoretical framework that sketches key features of both euroization types, and test it with data from 28 Emerging European and Central Asian economies

     
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  25. Leverage
    a broader view
    Author: Kumar, Manmohan S.; Alam, Zohair
    Published: March 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Traditional measures of leverage in the financial system tend to reflect bank balance sheet data. The paper argues that these traditional, bank-centric measures should be augmented by considering pledged collateral in the financial system since... more

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    Traditional measures of leverage in the financial system tend to reflect bank balance sheet data. The paper argues that these traditional, bank-centric measures should be augmented by considering pledged collateral in the financial system since pledged collateral provides a measure of an important part of nonbank funding to banks. From a policy perspective, the paper suggests that a broader view on leverage will enhance our understanding of global systemic risk, and complement the theoretical work in this field by providing a link from micro-level leverage data to macro aggregates such as credit to the economy

     
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