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  1. Documentation of the Central and Eastern European Countries Agricultural Simulation Model (CEEC-ASIM Version 1.0)
    Author: Wahl, Olaf; Weber, Gerald; Frohberg, Klaus
    Published: 2000
    Publisher:  IAMO, Halle (Saale)

    The Central and Eastern European Countries Agricultural Simulation Model (CEEC-ASIM) has been developed at IAMO. It is a partial equilibrium model for the agricultural sectors of 14 countries including demand of domestic consumers and is designed to... more

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    The Central and Eastern European Countries Agricultural Simulation Model (CEEC-ASIM) has been developed at IAMO. It is a partial equilibrium model for the agricultural sectors of 14 countries including demand of domestic consumers and is designed to analyse the impacts of agricultural policies on important target variables like producer and consumer prices, supply and input demand of agriculture, food demand, net trade and welfare. Particular efforts were undertaken to implement also the policy instruments of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union. These besides the market price support measures also include the different forms of domestic support as for example area payments and beef premiums. Also the set-aside obligations and production quotas can be taken into account. This discussion paper serves as a model documentation and describes the structure of the model along with the basic modelling assumptions. The model is essentially based on neoclassical theory. The main hypotheses are perfect markets, profit maximisation of producers and utility maximisation of consumers. Das Central and Eastern European Countries Agricultural Simulation Model (CEEC-ASIM) ist am IAMO entwickelt worden. Es ist ein partiales Gleichgewichtsmodell für die Agrarsektoren von 14 Ländern und umfasst auch die Nachfrage der Verbraucher. Insbesondere ist es für die Analyse der Auswirkungen von Agrarpolitiken auf wichtige Zielgrößen wie die Erzeuger- und Verbraucherpreise, Angebots- und Faktornachfragemengen der Landwirtschaft, Konsumentennachfrage, Nettohandel und Wohlfahrt erstellt worden. Besondere Anstrengungen sind unternommen worden, die Instrumente der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik der Europäischen Union in das Modell einzubeziehen. Diese umfassen neben den Maßnahmen der Marktpreisstützung auch verschiedene Formen der internen Stützung wie zum Beispiel die Flächenzahlungen und Prämien im Rindfleischbereich. Auch können Flächenstilllegungsverpflichtungen sowie Produktionsquoten berücksichtigt werden. Dieses Diskussionspapier dient als Dokumentation und beschreibt die Struktur des Modells sowie die grundlegenden Modellannahmen. Das Modell basiert im Wesentlichen auf der neoklassischen Theorie. Die zentralen Hypothesen sind vollständige Märkte, gewinnmaximierende Produzenten und nutzenmaximierende Konsumenten.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/28590
    Series: Discussion paper / Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe ; 27
    Subjects: Landwirtschaft; Partielles Gleichgewicht; Wirtschaftsmodell; Wirkungsanalyse; Simulation; Osteuropa; Sector Modelling; Agricultural Sector; Partial Equilibrium Model; Policy Analyses; Sektormodellierung; Agrarsektor; partielles Gleichgewichtsmodell; Politik Analyse
    Scope: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 41 S., 0,5 MB)
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    Zsfassung in engl. und dt. Sprache
  2. Auswirkungen der EU-Osterweiterung im Agrarbereich
    Author: Frohberg, Klaus; Weber, Gerald
    Published: 2002
    Publisher:  IAMO, Halle (Saale)

    Die EU-Osterweiterung wirft hinsichtlich der Belastung des EU-Haushaltes erhebliche Fragen auf. Das trifft für beide große Politikbereiche, die aus dem EU-Budget finanziert werden, zu; die Agrarpolitik und die Strukturpolitik. In diesem Beitrag... more

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    Die EU-Osterweiterung wirft hinsichtlich der Belastung des EU-Haushaltes erhebliche Fragen auf. Das trifft für beide große Politikbereiche, die aus dem EU-Budget finanziert werden, zu; die Agrarpolitik und die Strukturpolitik. In diesem Beitrag werden nur die Auswirkungen der Übertragung der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP), wie sie in der Agenda 2000 festgeschrieben ist, auf die 10 Beitrittskandidaten Mittel- und Osteuropas analysiert. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass mit zusätzlichen Ausgaben in Höhe von 8 Mrd. Euro für die wichtigsten Ausgabenbereiche zu rechnen ist. Der Großteil dieser finanziellen Transfer-leistungen fließt als Direktzahlungen den Landwirten zu. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Verteilung der Mittel zwischen den Ländern sehr ungleich ist, wenn man sie auf die Fläche oder die Arbeitskraft bezieht. Auf dieser Basis sind sie aber auch erheblich niedriger als in der EU-15. Schwer zu beantworten ist die Frage, wie viel von den Direktzahlungen bei den die Fläche bewirtschaftenden Landwirten verbleiben und welcher Teil an die Verpächter von Land weitergereicht wird. Auf Grund des in einigen Beitrittsländern hohen Pachtanteils ist diese Frage von erheblicher Bedeutung für die Transfereffizienz. Die gesamten im Zusammenhang mit der GAP zu leistenden Ausgaben aus dem EU-Haushalt sind höher als die hier ausgewiesenen, da nicht alle Bereiche in die Analyse einbezogen worden. Dazu zählen die Verwaltungsausgaben sowie die Erstattungen für einige Produkte wie Wein, Olivenöl, Obst Gemüse, Tabak und Schaffleisch. The East-Enlargement of the EU raises several questions regarding the EU-budget. This holds for both policy areas for which financial transfers are made out of the EU-budget; the structural policies and the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). This paper focuses on the impact of implementing the CAP as specified in the Agenda 2000 in the 10 Central and Eastern European candidate countries. The analysis shows that about 8 Bill. Euro will have to be transferred for the main types of payments out of the EU budget to the new members. The larger part of these financial transfers will be direct payments and not measures for market support. It also becomes evident that these expenditures are quite unequally distributed among the candidate countries if one calculates them per hectare or per person working in agriculture. In addition, in comparison to the EU-15 they are substantially lower. It is rather difficult to say how of the direct payments will remain with the farmer and what share is going to be transferred to the land lessors. Since in some of the candidate countries, leased land holds a large share of total cultivated land this question is important for transfer efficiency. The overall expenditures to be paid from the EU-budget in relation to the CAP are higher than what is shown here since not all types of payments considered in the analysis. This holds for outlays for administrative purposes as well for commodities such as wine, olive oil, fruits, vegetable, tobacco and mutton.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/28589
    Edition: Überarb. und aktualisierte Fassung
    Series: Discussion paper / Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe ; 42
    Subjects: EU-Mitgliedschaft; EU-Agrarpolitik; Wohlfahrtsanalyse; Osteuropa; Öffentliche Ausgaben; EU-Agrarpolitik; EU-Staaten; EU-Osterweiterung; EU-Haushalt; Sektormodellierung; Agrarsector; partielles Gleichgewichtsmodell; Politikanalyse; EU-Eastenlargement; EU-Budget; Sector Modelling; Agricultural Sector; Partial Equilibrium Model; Policy Analyses
    Scope: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 19 S., 88,05 KB)
    Notes:

    Zsfassung in dt. und engl. Sprache
  3. Auswirkungen einer EU-Osterweiterung im Bereich der Agrarpolitik auf den EU-Haushalt
    Author: Weber, Gerald; Wahl, Olaf; Meinlschmidt, Ewa
    Published: 2000
    Publisher:  IAMO, Halle (Saale)

    In diesem Diskussionspapier werden Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung zu den Auswirkungen der EU-Osterweiterung auf den EU-Haushalt im Agrarbereich vorgestellt. Die Berechnungen wurden mit dem am IAMO entwickelten partialen Gleichgewichtsmodell 'Central... more

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    Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt / Zentrale
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    In diesem Diskussionspapier werden Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung zu den Auswirkungen der EU-Osterweiterung auf den EU-Haushalt im Agrarbereich vorgestellt. Die Berechnungen wurden mit dem am IAMO entwickelten partialen Gleichgewichtsmodell 'Central and Eastern European Countries Agricultural Simulation Model (CEEC-ASIM)' durchgeführt. In dem Beitrittsszenario ist unterstellt worden, dass die zehn mittel- und osteuropäischen Länder die durch die Berliner Beschlüsse des Europäischen Rates von März 1999 reformierte Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik übernehmen. Neben den Preisstützungsmaßnahmen werden auch die Flächenzahlungen und Tierprämien, die Produktionsquoten bei Milch und Zucker sowie die Flächenstilllegungsverpflichtungen auf die Beitrittsländer übertragen. Den Modellergebnissen zufolge nehmen die jährlichen Agrarausgaben für die zehn mittel- und osteuropäischen Beitrittskandidaten allein in den Bereichen Getreide, Ölsaaten, Zucker, Milch und Rindfleisch eine Größenordnung von etwa 7,5 Milliarden Euro zu Preisen von 1999 an, die aus dem EU-Haushalt finanziert werden müssen. Dies entspricht etwa 20 % der gesamten in der finanziellen Vorausschau der Europäischen Kommission vorgesehenen Agrarausgaben (ohne ländliche Entwicklung). Der größte Teil dieser Ausgaben entfällt dabei auf die Flächenzahlungen für Getreide und Ölsaaten sowie auf die Prämien im Rindfleisch- und Milchbereich. This discussion paper presents the results of a study on the impacts of EU East enlargement on the EU agricultural budget. The calculations have been carried out with the partial equilibrium model 'Central and Eastern European Countries Agricultural Simulation Model (CEECASIM)' that has been developed at IAMO. An accession scenario has been assumed in which the Common Agricultural Policy as reformed by the European Council of Berlin in March 1999 is applied in ten Central and Eastern European countries. Besides the price support measures also the area payments and the animal premiums as well as the production quotas for milk and sugar are implemented in the candidate countries. According to the model results the annual expenditures for the ten Central and Eastern European candidate countries in the areas of cereals, oilseeds, sugar, milk and beef amount to Euro 7.5 billion at prices of 1999 to be financed by the EU budget. This corresponds to 20 % of the total agricultural expenditure (without rural development) as foreseen in the financial perspectives of the European Commission. The greatest share of these expenditures arises from the area payments for cereals and oilseeds and from the premiums in the beef and milk sector.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
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    hdl: 10419/28585
    Series: Discussion paper / Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe ; 26
    Subjects: Gemeinsame Marktorganisation; Agrarsubvention; EU-Mitgliedschaft; Öffentliche Ausgaben; Wirkungsanalyse; EU-Staaten; Osteuropa; EU-Osterweiterung; EU-Haushalt; Sektormodellierung; Agrarsektor; partielles Gleichgewichtsmodell; Politikanalyse; EU East Enlargement; EU Budget; Sector Modelling; Agricultural Sector; Partial Equilibrium Model; Policy Analyses
    Scope: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 19 S., 94,11 KB)
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    Zsfassung in engl. und dt. Sprache
  4. Is smuggling welfare-improving?
    evidence from avocados in Costa Rica
    Author: Métivier, Jeanne; Bouët, Antoine
    Published: July 2018
    Publisher:  International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA

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    Format: Online
    Series: IFPRI discussion paper ; 01737
    Subjects: Partial Equilibrium Model; Welfare; Smuggling
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten), Illustrationen
  5. Agricultural liming in Zambia
    potential effects on welfare
    Author: Hinkel, Niklas
    Published: [November 2019]
    Publisher:  Institute of Energy Economics at the University of Cologne (EWI), Köln, Germany

    Soil acidity is crucial for crop yields. Acidic soils decrease the availability of important nutrients to plants, causing lower yields. This applies to both naturally occurring nutrients and fertilizer. A well-known remedy is to provide soils with... more

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    Soil acidity is crucial for crop yields. Acidic soils decrease the availability of important nutrients to plants, causing lower yields. This applies to both naturally occurring nutrients and fertilizer. A well-known remedy is to provide soils with alkaline materials, like ground limestone. This raises their pH levels, increasing the availability of nutrients to the plant and eventually crop yields. So far, this practice is not widespread in Zambia, a country with largely acidic soils in agricultural areas. The agriculture of Zambia is dominated by smallholder farmers, growing predominantly maize. This paper seeks to quantify the effects on welfare that the introduction of liming would have in the Zambian smallholder maize market. For this purpose, I develop a dynamic, deterministic, open market, spatial partial equilibrium model. Solving the model requires bounded, monotonic, non-convex mixed-integer optimizations with equilibrium constraints. Model results indicate that liming in this market would reduce prices by 22.8% and increase welfare by 3.4% without international trade. With exports at 350 USD/t, the local price would drop by 16.1% and welfare would increase by 5.6% due to liming.

     
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    hdl: 10419/227504
    Series: EWI working paper ; no 19, 06 (November 2019)
    Subjects: Agricultural Economics; Liming; Partial Equilibrium Model; Zambia
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. More biofuel = more food?
    Author: Hinkel, Niklas
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  Institute of Energy Economics at the University of Cologne (EWI), Köln, Germany

    In face of increased efforts to mitigate climate change, biofuels may be included in reduction plans forgreenhouse gas emissions. Feedstock for first generation biofuels and food crops both use arable land andmay compete for it. Also, fuel is an... more

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    In face of increased efforts to mitigate climate change, biofuels may be included in reduction plans forgreenhouse gas emissions. Feedstock for first generation biofuels and food crops both use arable land andmay compete for it. Also, fuel is an input for the production and transport of food. The purpose of thispaper is to quantify with empirical data how these two aspects affect market outcomes and to introduce acounterfactual setting where the latter aspect dominates the former. The setting allows an expansion ofbiofuel production to increase food production by lowering costs of production and transport. Namely,lower costs increase market access, allowing a higher utilization of idle production capacities for foodcrops. For this quantification, I develop an open market, welfare maximizing, partial equilibrium modelfor three interdependent goods fuel, fuel feedstock, and food (these goods are represented by diesel/biodiesel,palm oil, and cassava/maize respectively). The model is calibrated to Zambia, which exhibits the necessaryunderlying conditions of underutilized agricultural capacity, high transport costs, and low exports offood. Compared to a baseline, model results show the counterfactual switch from fossil diesel to biodieselto reduce the diesel price by51%. This increases food supply (cassava and maize combined) by0.4%and decreases related prices by3%. Overall welfare increases by9.9%. If additionally, a higher worldmarket price of maize renders exports just profitable, overall welfare continues to gain9.9%, domesticfood supply rises by0.3%, and related prices drop by2%, but food supply including exports grows by32%. Furthermore, the introduction of a palm oil based biodiesel sector eliminates import dependency onfossil diesel and palm oil.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/268215
    Series: EWI working paper ; no 22, 02 (February 2022)
    Subjects: Biofuel; Land Use; Energy Economics; Partial Equilibrium Model; Zamb
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Auswirkungen der EU-Osterweiterung im Agrarbereich
    Author: Frohberg, Klaus; Weber, Gerald
    Published: 2002
    Publisher:  Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO), Halle (Saale)

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  8. Documentation of the Central and Eastern European Countries Agricultural Simulation Model (CEEC-ASIM Version 1.0)
    Author: Wahl, Olaf; Weber, Gerald; Frohberg, Klaus
    Published: 2000
    Publisher:  Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO), Halle (Saale)

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  9. Auswirkungen der EU-Osterweiterung im Agrarbereich
    Author: Frohberg, Klaus; Weber, Gerald
    Published: 2002
    Publisher:  IAMO, Halle (Saale)

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  10. Documentation of the Central and Eastern European countries agricultural simulation model
    (CEEC-ASIM version 1.0)
    Author: Wahl, Olaf; Weber, Gerald; Frohberg, Klaus
    Published: 2000
    Publisher:  IAMO, Halle (Saale)

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  11. Dynamic market power in an exhaustible resource industry
    the case of rare earth elements
    Author: Pothen, Frank
    Published: 2014
    Publisher:  ZEW, Mannheim

    This paper investigates China's capability to exert power on Rare Earth markets until 2020. A dynamic partial equilibrium model allowing for a disaggregated representation of the mining sector and endogenous investment in capacities is developed. The... more

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    This paper investigates China's capability to exert power on Rare Earth markets until 2020. A dynamic partial equilibrium model allowing for a disaggregated representation of the mining sector and endogenous investment in capacities is developed. The model is calibrated on a novel dataset on Rare Earth mines. Simulations show that Chinese market power is a transitory phenomenon. In 2014 and 2015, Light Rare Earth prices increase by 21 per cent and Heavy Rare Earth prices more than double compared to free trade, if assuming export restrictions to remain unchanged. Market power on Light Rare Earths vanishes almost completely by 2017 due to the entry of new suppliers, while it persists until 2019 for Heavy Rare Earths. Export restrictions imply a loss of Marshallian welfare of US$ 1.96 billion outside China. In the short run, even moderate cuts in export quotas can increase exerted market power substantially. Altering tariffs induces smaller but more persistent effects. Sensitivity checks indicate that the results are robust, but delayed opening of new mines and demand shocks can be important for China's capability to exert market power.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/90146
    Series: Discussion paper / ZEW ; 14-005
    Subjects: Partial Equilibrium Model; Metals; Rare Earths; Export Restrictions; Exhaustible Resources
    Scope: Online-Ressource (31 S.), graph. Darst.
  12. The metal resources (METRO) model
    a dynamic partial equilibrium model for metal markets applied to rare earth elements
    Author: Pothen, Frank
    Published: 2013
    Publisher:  ZEW, Mannheim

    This paper presents the METal ResOurces (METRO) model, a partial equilibrium model tailored for metal markets. It allows for a disaggregated representation of the mining sector and endogenous investment in extractive capacities. It can be calibrated... more

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    This paper presents the METal ResOurces (METRO) model, a partial equilibrium model tailored for metal markets. It allows for a disaggregated representation of the mining sector and endogenous investment in extractive capacities. It can be calibrated to a large number of metal markets. Rare Earth Elements are the first group of metals for which the model is implemented. A new dataset on Rare Earth mines is compiled to calibrate it. First results on key developments of Rare Earth markets are presented. Extensive sensitivity analyses indicate their robustness.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/88690
    Series: Discussion paper / ZEW ; 13-112
    Subjects: Partial Equilibrium Model; Metals; Rare Earths; Exhaustible Resources
    Scope: Online-Ressource (31 S.), graph. Darst.