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  1. Inequality in financial inclusion and income inequality
    Published: November 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    We investigate the link between gender inequality in financial inclusion and income inequality, with three contributions to the recent literature. First, using a micro-dataset covering 146,000 individuals in over 140 countries, we construct novel,... more

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    We investigate the link between gender inequality in financial inclusion and income inequality, with three contributions to the recent literature. First, using a micro-dataset covering 146,000 individuals in over 140 countries, we construct novel, synthetic indices of the intensity of financial inclusion at the individual and country level. Second, we derive the distribution of individual financial access 'scores' across countries to document a 'Kuznets'-curve in financial inclusion. Third, cross-country regressions confirm that our measure of inequality in financial access is significantly related to income inequality, above and beyond other factors previously highlighted in the literature

     

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  2. Financial inclusion of small rural producers
    Contributor: Villarreal, Francisco (HerausgeberIn)
    Published: November 2017
    Publisher:  United Nations, ECLAC, Santiago

    There is mounting empirical evidence that the responsible provision and use of formal financial services have a positive impact on household well-being and enterprise performance. At the individual level, financial inclusion benefits rural households... more

    Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Bibliothek
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    There is mounting empirical evidence that the responsible provision and use of formal financial services have a positive impact on household well-being and enterprise performance. At the individual level, financial inclusion benefits rural households and small producers by facilitating the safe accumulation of assets, enabling them to leverage those assets in order to invest in human and physical capital, and supporting better risk management. The positive effects at the aggregate level are associated with better allocation of scarce resources among different activities.Despite recent progress on different aspects of financial inclusion in Latin America and the Caribbean, large gaps remain, especially in rural areas, which have been historically neglected by traditional providers of financial services. This book describes how these gaps have evolved recently in five countries —Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras and Mexico— that are at different stages of designing and implementing comprehensive financial inclusion strategies. Then, on the basis of a comparative analysis of the institutional architecture available, it identifies the main barriers preventing small rural producers from accessing and making effective use of the various financial services on offer, with a view to making policy recommendations for overcoming these limitations. Foreword .-- Chapter I. Financial inclusion of small-scale rural producers: trends and challenges / Cameron Daneshvar, Stefanie Garry, Jesús López, Jesús Santamaría, Francisco G. Villarreal .-- Chapter II. Financial inclusion in Latin America / Pablo Cotler .-- Chapter III. Recent developments, current situation and prospects for financial inclusion among small-scale rural producers in Costa Rica / José Antonio Vásquez R., Melvin Bermúdez, Ronald Rojas, José Antonio Vásquez C. .-- Chapter IV. Financial inclusion in El Salvador / Pedro Argumedo .-- Chapter V. The financial inclusion of small-scale rural producers in Honduras / Daniela Cruz, Jesús López, César Valenzuela .-- Chapter VI. Overview and prospects for financial inclusion in the Dominican Republic / Rolando Reyes, Cameron Daneshvar .-- Chapter VII. Architecture of rural financial inclusion in Mexico / Pilar Campos..

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Contributor: Villarreal, Francisco (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 11362/42639
    LC/PUB.2017/15-P
    Series: Libros de la CEPAL ; 147
    Desarrollo económico
    Subjects: Finanzielle Inklusion; Ländlicher Raum; Kleinbauern; Lateinamerika; AGRICULTURA; PEQUEÑAS EXPLOTACIONES AGRICOLAS; SERVICIOS FINANCIEROS; INSTITUCIONES FINANCIERAS; IGUALDAD; DESARROLLO RURAL; DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE; ESTUDIOS DE CASOS; DATOS ESTADISTICOS; AGRICULTURE; SMALL FARMS; FINANCIAL SERVICES; FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS; EQUALITY; RURAL DEVELOPMENT; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; CASE STUDIES; STATISTICAL DATA
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 199 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Understanding correspondent banking trends
    a monitoring framework
    Published: October 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    The withdrawal of correspondent banking relationships (CBRs) remains a concern for the international community because, in affected jurisdictions, the decline could have potential adverse consequences on international trade, growth, financial... more

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    The withdrawal of correspondent banking relationships (CBRs) remains a concern for the international community because, in affected jurisdictions, the decline could have potential adverse consequences on international trade, growth, financial inclusion, and the stability and integrity of the financial system. Building on existing initiatives and IMF technical assistance, this paper discusses a framework that can be readily used by central banks and supervisory authorities to effectively monitor the developments of CBRs in their jurisdiction. The working paper explains the monitoring framework and includes the necessary reporting templates and an analytical tool for the collection of data and analysis of CBRs

     

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  4. What is driving women's financial inclusion across countries?
    Published: March 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Using a broad set of macroeconomic country characteristics to supplement a new and comprehensive micro-level dataset for 140 countries, we identify structural factors, policies, and individual characteristics that are associated with financial... more

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    Using a broad set of macroeconomic country characteristics to supplement a new and comprehensive micro-level dataset for 140 countries, we identify structural factors, policies, and individual characteristics that are associated with financial inclusion-in general, and for women in particular. We find that structural country characteristics, such as resource-richness and level of development, and policies, such as stronger institutions, and financial development are significantly related to financial inclusion. We find a robust negative relationship between being female and financial inclusion as in previous studies, and our analysis points to legal discrimination, lack of protection from harassment, including at the work place, and more diffuse gender norms as possible explanatory factors

     

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  5. Financial inclusion and women entrepreneurship
    evidence from Mexico
    Published: 2017
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    Financial inclusion and women entrepreneurship concern policymakers because of their impact on job creation, economic growth and women empowerment. Women in Mexico do engage in paid work but many of them work in the informal sector because they lack... more

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    Financial inclusion and women entrepreneurship concern policymakers because of their impact on job creation, economic growth and women empowerment. Women in Mexico do engage in paid work but many of them work in the informal sector because they lack opportunities to work in the formal sector. Moreover, financial exclusion rate in Mexico remains the highest amongst OECD countries, affecting women in particular. This paper uses an individual-based panel dataset over the period 2009-2015 to examine the determinants of women entrepreneurship in Mexico and to determine the relationship between women entrepreneurship and financial inclusion across informal and formal work and across economic sectors. The results suggest that financial inclusion is positively linked with entrepreneurship and it can open up economic opportunities for women entrepreneurs. Various financial access points like banking branches, POS terminals, banking agents, ATMs and microfinance banks can be a gateway to the use of additional financial services which can allow businesses development through access to credit facilities. However, the positive relationship between women entrepreneurship and financial inclusion does not hold for women entrepreneurs working in the informal sector or women working in the commerce sector, highlighting lower entry barriers, including financial, in the informal sector and problems pertaining to financial illiteracy. Results also highlight that the probability of a women being an entrepreneur in the informal sector is higher than in the formal sector. Education, age, income, marital status (married or divorced), and income level at the municipality level are amongst other significant determinants which are positively linked with women entrepreneurship. The results also highlight the existence of gender disparity in the status of entrepreneurship across formal and informal work in Mexico. On average, women are about 56% less likely to be entrepreneurs in the formal sector and 63% more likely to be entrepreneurs in the informal sector, as compared to men, after taking into account other relevant individual and municipality level characteristics that are important in explaining entrepreneurship.

     

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Series: OECD Economics Department working papers ; no. 1411
    Subjects: Finanzielle Inklusion; Unternehmensgründung; Unternehmensgründung; KMU; Unternehmensfinanzierung; Mexiko; Economics; Mexico
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Sowing the seeds for rural finance
    the impact of support services for credit unions in Mexico
    Published: June 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group, Washington, D.C.

    This paper studies the impact of a program that provides grants for technical assistance on the interest rates and outreach of credit unions in Mexico. Credit unions financing rural borrowers received grants in different years. The study uses... more

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    This paper studies the impact of a program that provides grants for technical assistance on the interest rates and outreach of credit unions in Mexico. Credit unions financing rural borrowers received grants in different years. The study uses propensity score matching and relies additionally on the timing of the grants to identify effects. The analysis shows that the program lowered lending interest rates by up to 2.6 percentage points (from a pre-program average of 17.8 percent). This drop appears to be due to lower operating costs and better risk management, as reflected in a lower nonperforming loan ratio. The program also raised credit unions' returns on assets and significantly increased the value of their loan portfolio

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Series: Policy research working paper ; 8483
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: Technische Zusammenarbeit; Finanzielle Inklusion; Ländliches Finanzsystem; Genossenschaftsbank; Mexiko
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Banking with agents
    experimental evidence from Senegal
    Published: April 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Development Research Group, Washington, D.C.

    This paper uses a randomized controlled trial to study the effects of access to agent banking. Individuals were encouraged to open an account and transact at a banking agent or a branch of a financial institution. Compared with individuals who were... more

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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    This paper uses a randomized controlled trial to study the effects of access to agent banking. Individuals were encouraged to open an account and transact at a banking agent or a branch of a financial institution. Compared with individuals who were sent to the branch, individuals sent to an agent increased the number of transactions and incurred lower transaction costs with the agent. These transactions are, however, only half as large as those made at the branch because branch tellers are less likely to share information about clients with others. Banking with agents thus entails a trade-off between lower transaction costs and lack of privacy

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 8417
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: Bank; Vermittlungstätigkeit; Finanzielle Inklusion; Transaktionskosten; Feldforschung; Senegal
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Structural reforms and firms' productivity
    evidence from developing countries
    Published: January 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Africa Region, Office of the Chief Economist, Washington, D.C.

    This paper assesses the effects of selected structural reforms on labor productivity growth for 37 developing countries over 2006-14. It combines newly constructed reform indexes using the International Monetary Fund's Monitoring of Fund Arrangements... more

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    This paper assesses the effects of selected structural reforms on labor productivity growth for 37 developing countries over 2006-14. It combines newly constructed reform indexes using the International Monetary Fund's Monitoring of Fund Arrangements data set and firm-level productivity from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys. The paper highlights the following results. Structural reforms under consideration in this study-financial, fiscal, real sector, and trade reforms-significantly improve productivity at the firm level. Interestingly, real sector reforms have the most sizable effects on firms' productivity. The relationship between reforms and productivity is nonlinear and shaped by certain characteristics of firms, including financial access, a distortionary environment, and firms' size. The pace of reforms matters, since being a "strong reformer" is associated with a clear productivity dividend for firms. Finally, except for financial and trade reforms, all the macroeconomic reforms considered are bilaterally complementary in improving firms' productivity. These findings are robust to several sensitivity checks, including alternative methodologies and measures of productivity, and a counterfactual experiment based on unsuccessful reforms

     

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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 8308
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: Wirtschaftsstruktur; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung; Produktivitätsentwicklung; Finanzielle Inklusion; Entwicklungsländer
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  9. Financial sector strategies and financial sector outcomes
    do the strategies perform?
    Published: January 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, South Asia Chief Economist Office & Europe and Central Asia Chief Economist Office, Washington, D.C.

    Financial sector strategies enable financial policy makers and stakeholders to take a holistic view of the financial development needs in their country and formulate balanced financial policies. They help policy makers consider the systemic risk that... more

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    Universität Potsdam, Universitätsbibliothek
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    Financial sector strategies enable financial policy makers and stakeholders to take a holistic view of the financial development needs in their country and formulate balanced financial policies. They help policy makers consider the systemic risk that different development policies involve and choose an informed way forward. This study constructed a new data set of historical financial sector strategies covering 150 countries over 1985-2014. It assesses the strategies using the rating criteria proposed by Maimbo and Melecky (2014). It further investigates how the quality of the strategies can affect financial sector outcomes, such as financial depth, inclusion, efficiency, and stability. The investigation finds that the use of financial sector strategies helped increase financial sector deepening, inclusion, and stability, and this impact could be greater for higher-quality strategies. However, a significant relationship between the use of strategies and the efficiency of banks is not confirmed. One way how financial sector strategies can improve financial sector outcomes is by improving the regulatory framework for finance

     

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    Source: Union catalogues
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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 8315
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: Finanzsektor; Finanzmarktregulierung; Finanzielle Inklusion; Systemrisiko; Welt
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Women in finance
    a case for closing gaps
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Women are underrepresented at all levels of the global financial system, from depositors and borrowers to bank board members and regulators. A new study at the IMF finds that greater inclusion of women as users, providers, and regulators of financial... more

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    Women are underrepresented at all levels of the global financial system, from depositors and borrowers to bank board members and regulators. A new study at the IMF finds that greater inclusion of women as users, providers, and regulators of financial services would have benefits beyond addressing gender inequality. Narrowing the gender gap would foster greater stability in the banking system and enhance economic growth. It could also contribute to more effective monetary and fiscal policy. New evidence suggests that greater access for women to and use of accounts for financial transactions, savings, and insurance can have both economic and societal benefits. For example, women merchants who opened a basic bank account tend to invest more in their businesses, while female-headed households often spend more on education after opening a savings account. More inclusive financial systems in turn can magnify the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies by broadening financial markets and the tax base. The paper also studies the large gaps between the representation of men and women in leadership positions in banks and in banking-supervision agencies worldwide. It finds that, shockingly, women accounted for less than 2 percent of financial institutions' chief executive officers and less than 20 percent of executive board members. The analysis suggests that, controlling for relevant bank- and country-specific factors, the presence of women as well as a higher share of women on bank boards appears associated with greater financial resilience. This study also finds that a higher share of women on boards of banking-supervision agencies is associated with greater bank stability. This evidence strengthens the case for closing the gender gaps in leadership positions in finance

     

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  11. The Global Findex database 2017
    measuring financial inclusion and the Fintech revolution
    Published: 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA

    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    C 280665
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    ISBN: 9781464812590
    Other identifier:
    Subjects: Finanzielle Inklusion; Welt; Financial services industry; Financial institutions; Saving and investment; Finance, Personal
    Scope: xv, 131 Seiten, Illustrationen
  12. Banking with agents
    experimental evidence from Senegal
    Published: April 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Development Research Group, Washington, D.C.

    This paper uses a randomized controlled trial to study the effects of access to agent banking. Individuals were encouraged to open an account and transact at a banking agent or a branch of a financial institution. Compared with individuals who were... more

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    This paper uses a randomized controlled trial to study the effects of access to agent banking. Individuals were encouraged to open an account and transact at a banking agent or a branch of a financial institution. Compared with individuals who were sent to the branch, individuals sent to an agent increased the number of transactions and incurred lower transaction costs with the agent. These transactions are, however, only half as large as those made at the branch because branch tellers are less likely to share information about clients with others. Banking with agents thus entails a trade-off between lower transaction costs and lack of privacy

     

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    Series: Policy research working paper ; 8417
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: Bank; Vermittlungstätigkeit; Finanzielle Inklusion; Transaktionskosten; Feldforschung; Senegal
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  13. Sowing the seeds for rural finance
    the impact of support services for credit unions in Mexico
    Published: June 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group, Washington, D.C.

    This paper studies the impact of a program that provides grants for technical assistance on the interest rates and outreach of credit unions in Mexico. Credit unions financing rural borrowers received grants in different years. The study uses... more

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    This paper studies the impact of a program that provides grants for technical assistance on the interest rates and outreach of credit unions in Mexico. Credit unions financing rural borrowers received grants in different years. The study uses propensity score matching and relies additionally on the timing of the grants to identify effects. The analysis shows that the program lowered lending interest rates by up to 2.6 percentage points (from a pre-program average of 17.8 percent). This drop appears to be due to lower operating costs and better risk management, as reflected in a lower nonperforming loan ratio. The program also raised credit unions' returns on assets and significantly increased the value of their loan portfolio

     

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    Format: Online
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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 8483
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: Technische Zusammenarbeit; Finanzielle Inklusion; Ländliches Finanzsystem; Genossenschaftsbank; Mexiko
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Postal savings
    reaching everyone in Asia
    Contributor: Yoshino, Naoyuki (HerausgeberIn); Anson, Jose (HerausgeberIn); Helble, Matthias (HerausgeberIn)
    Published: [2018]
    Publisher:  Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo

    Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Haus Potsdamer Straße
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    Contributor: Yoshino, Naoyuki (HerausgeberIn); Anson, Jose (HerausgeberIn); Helble, Matthias (HerausgeberIn)
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Print
    ISBN: 9784899740834; 4899740832
    Subjects: Finanzdienstleistung; Finanzielle Inklusion; Postbank; Asien
    Scope: xv, 351 Seiten, Illustrationen
    Notes:

    Enthält 10 Beiträge

  15. Interest rate caps
    the theory and the practice
    Published: April 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice, Washington, D.C.

    Ceilings on lending rates remain a widely used policy tool that is intended to lower the overall cost of credit or protect consumers from exorbitant rates. Interest rate caps come in many forms and scopes and, according to their rationale, ceilings... more

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    Ceilings on lending rates remain a widely used policy tool that is intended to lower the overall cost of credit or protect consumers from exorbitant rates. Interest rate caps come in many forms and scopes and, according to their rationale, ceilings can affect a small segment or the overall market. Over the past years, many countries have introduced new or tightened existing restrictions, while only a few have removed or eased them. This paper takes stock of recent developments in interest rates caps globally and classifies them according to a novel taxonomy. The paper also presents six case studies of different types of interest rate caps. The case studies indicate that while some forms of interest rate caps can indeed reduce lending rates and help to limit predatory practices by formal lenders, interest rate caps often have substantial unintended side-effects. These side-effects include increases in non-interest fees and commissions, reduced price transparency, lower credit supply and loan approval rates for small and risky borrowers, lower number of institutions and reduced branch density, as well as adverse impacts on bank profitability. Given these potential negative consequences of interest rate caps, the paper discusses alternatives to reduce the cost of credit

     

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    Source: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin
    Language: English
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    Format: Online
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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 8398
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: KMU; Zinspolitik; Unternehmensfinanzierung; Kredit; Finanzielle Inklusion; Mikrofinanzierung; Kenia; Kambodscha; Indien; CFA-Franc-Zone; Großbritannien
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Financial inclusion and women entrepreneurship
    evidence from Mexico
    Published: 2017
    Publisher:  OECD Publishing, Paris

    Financial inclusion and women entrepreneurship concern policymakers because of their impact on job creation, economic growth and women empowerment. Women in Mexico do engage in paid work but many of them work in the informal sector because they lack... more

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    Financial inclusion and women entrepreneurship concern policymakers because of their impact on job creation, economic growth and women empowerment. Women in Mexico do engage in paid work but many of them work in the informal sector because they lack opportunities to work in the formal sector. Moreover, financial exclusion rate in Mexico remains the highest amongst OECD countries, affecting women in particular. This paper uses an individual-based panel dataset over the period 2009-2015 to examine the determinants of women entrepreneurship in Mexico and to determine the relationship between women entrepreneurship and financial inclusion across informal and formal work and across economic sectors. The results suggest that financial inclusion is positively linked with entrepreneurship and it can open up economic opportunities for women entrepreneurs. Various financial access points like banking branches, POS terminals, banking agents, ATMs and microfinance banks can be a gateway to the use of additional financial services which can allow businesses development through access to credit facilities. However, the positive relationship between women entrepreneurship and financial inclusion does not hold for women entrepreneurs working in the informal sector or women working in the commerce sector, highlighting lower entry barriers, including financial, in the informal sector and problems pertaining to financial illiteracy. Results also highlight that the probability of a women being an entrepreneur in the informal sector is higher than in the formal sector. Education, age, income, marital status (married or divorced), and income level at the municipality level are amongst other significant determinants which are positively linked with women entrepreneurship. The results also highlight the existence of gender disparity in the status of entrepreneurship across formal and informal work in Mexico. On average, women are about 56% less likely to be entrepreneurs in the formal sector and 63% more likely to be entrepreneurs in the informal sector, as compared to men, after taking into account other relevant individual and municipality level characteristics that are important in explaining entrepreneurship.

     

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    Series: OECD Economics Department working papers ; no. 1411
    Subjects: Finanzielle Inklusion; Unternehmensgründung; Unternehmensgründung; KMU; Unternehmensfinanzierung; Mexiko; Economics; Mexico
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten), Illustrationen
  17. Acceso a servicios financieros de los hogares en el Perú
    Published: diciembre 2016
    Publisher:  Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, [Lima, Peru]

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    Language: Spanish
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    Series: Serie de documentos de trabajo / Banco Central de Reserva del Perú ; DT. no 2016, 015 (diciembre 2016)
    Subjects: Finanzielle Inklusion; Privater Haushalt; Peru
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  18. Understanding correspondent banking trends
    a monitoring framework
    Published: October 2017
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    The withdrawal of correspondent banking relationships (CBRs) remains a concern for the international community because, in affected jurisdictions, the decline could have potential adverse consequences on international trade, growth, financial... more

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    The withdrawal of correspondent banking relationships (CBRs) remains a concern for the international community because, in affected jurisdictions, the decline could have potential adverse consequences on international trade, growth, financial inclusion, and the stability and integrity of the financial system. Building on existing initiatives and IMF technical assistance, this paper discusses a framework that can be readily used by central banks and supervisory authorities to effectively monitor the developments of CBRs in their jurisdiction. The working paper explains the monitoring framework and includes the necessary reporting templates and an analytical tool for the collection of data and analysis of CBRs

     

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    Series: IMF working paper ; WP/17, 216
    Subjects: Außenhandel; Wirtschaftswachstum; Finanzielle Inklusion; Technische Zusammenarbeit
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten), Illustrationen
  19. What is driving women's financial inclusion across countries?
    Published: March 2018
    Publisher:  International Monetary Fund, [Washington, D.C.]

    Using a broad set of macroeconomic country characteristics to supplement a new and comprehensive micro-level dataset for 140 countries, we identify structural factors, policies, and individual characteristics that are associated with financial... more

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    Using a broad set of macroeconomic country characteristics to supplement a new and comprehensive micro-level dataset for 140 countries, we identify structural factors, policies, and individual characteristics that are associated with financial inclusion-in general, and for women in particular. We find that structural country characteristics, such as resource-richness and level of development, and policies, such as stronger institutions, and financial development are significantly related to financial inclusion. We find a robust negative relationship between being female and financial inclusion as in previous studies, and our analysis points to legal discrimination, lack of protection from harassment, including at the work place, and more diffuse gender norms as possible explanatory factors

     

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    ISBN: 9781484344460
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    Series: IMF working paper ; WP/18, 38
    Subjects: Frauen; Finanzielle Inklusion; Geschlechterdiskriminierung; Private Finanzplanung; Welt
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Structural reforms and firms' productivity
    evidence from developing countries
    Published: January 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, Africa Region, Office of the Chief Economist, Washington, D.C.

    This paper assesses the effects of selected structural reforms on labor productivity growth for 37 developing countries over 2006-14. It combines newly constructed reform indexes using the International Monetary Fund's Monitoring of Fund Arrangements... more

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    This paper assesses the effects of selected structural reforms on labor productivity growth for 37 developing countries over 2006-14. It combines newly constructed reform indexes using the International Monetary Fund's Monitoring of Fund Arrangements data set and firm-level productivity from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys. The paper highlights the following results. Structural reforms under consideration in this study-financial, fiscal, real sector, and trade reforms-significantly improve productivity at the firm level. Interestingly, real sector reforms have the most sizable effects on firms' productivity. The relationship between reforms and productivity is nonlinear and shaped by certain characteristics of firms, including financial access, a distortionary environment, and firms' size. The pace of reforms matters, since being a "strong reformer" is associated with a clear productivity dividend for firms. Finally, except for financial and trade reforms, all the macroeconomic reforms considered are bilaterally complementary in improving firms' productivity. These findings are robust to several sensitivity checks, including alternative methodologies and measures of productivity, and a counterfactual experiment based on unsuccessful reforms

     

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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 8308
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: Wirtschaftsstruktur; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung; Produktivitätsentwicklung; Finanzielle Inklusion; Entwicklungsländer
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  21. Financial sector strategies and financial sector outcomes
    do the strategies perform?
    Published: January 2018
    Publisher:  World Bank Group, South Asia Chief Economist Office & Europe and Central Asia Chief Economist Office, Washington, D.C.

    Financial sector strategies enable financial policy makers and stakeholders to take a holistic view of the financial development needs in their country and formulate balanced financial policies. They help policy makers consider the systemic risk that... more

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    Financial sector strategies enable financial policy makers and stakeholders to take a holistic view of the financial development needs in their country and formulate balanced financial policies. They help policy makers consider the systemic risk that different development policies involve and choose an informed way forward. This study constructed a new data set of historical financial sector strategies covering 150 countries over 1985-2014. It assesses the strategies using the rating criteria proposed by Maimbo and Melecky (2014). It further investigates how the quality of the strategies can affect financial sector outcomes, such as financial depth, inclusion, efficiency, and stability. The investigation finds that the use of financial sector strategies helped increase financial sector deepening, inclusion, and stability, and this impact could be greater for higher-quality strategies. However, a significant relationship between the use of strategies and the efficiency of banks is not confirmed. One way how financial sector strategies can improve financial sector outcomes is by improving the regulatory framework for finance

     

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    Series: Policy research working paper ; 8315
    World Bank E-Library Archive
    Subjects: Finanzsektor; Finanzmarktregulierung; Finanzielle Inklusion; Systemrisiko; Welt
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. Banking the unbanked?
    evidence from three countries
    Published: [2016]
    Publisher:  IGIER, Università Bocconi, Milano, Italy

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    Edition: This version: July 13, 2016
    Series: Working paper series / IGIER ; n. 580
    Subjects: Finanzielle Inklusion; Bankkonto; Sparförderung; Wirkungsanalyse; Sparen; Uganda; Malawi; Chile
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Financial inclusion of the poor and money laundering indicators
    empirical evidence for Colombia
    Published: [2017]
    Publisher:  CESED, Centro de Estudios sobre Seguridad y Drogas, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia

    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    W 1377 (2017,26)
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    Media type: Book
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    Edition: Edición especial, CESED
    Series: Documentos CEDE ; 2017, no. 26 (marzo de 2017)
    Subjects: Finanzielle Inklusion; Geldwäsche; Kriminalpolitik; Kolumbien
    Scope: 32 ungezählte Seiten
    Notes:

    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe

  24. Banker my neighbour: matching and financial intermediation in savings groups
    Published: February 2, 2018
    Publisher:  SIEPR, Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford, CA

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    Series: Working paper / Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR) ; no. 18, 016 (June, 2018)
    Subjects: Mikrofinanzierung; Sparen; Finanzielle Inklusion; Malawi; Mikrofinanzierung; Sparen; Finanzielle Inklusion; Malawi
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  25. Banker my neighbour
    matching and financial intermediation in savings groups
    Published: 12 February 2018
    Publisher:  Centre for Economic Policy Research, London

    ZBW - Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft, Standort Kiel
    W 32 (12715)
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    Series: Array ; DP 12715
    Subjects: Mikrofinanzierung; Sparen; Finanzielle Inklusion; Malawi
    Scope: 42 Seiten, Illustrationen
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    Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe