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  1. Critical Landscape Planning during the Belt and Road Initiative
    Author: Kelly, Ashley Scott; Lu, Xiaoxuan
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  Springer Nature

    This open access book traces the development of landscapes along the 414-kilometer China–Laos Railway, one of the first infrastructure projects implemented under China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and which is due for completion at the end of... more

     

    This open access book traces the development of landscapes along the 414-kilometer China–Laos Railway, one of the first infrastructure projects implemented under China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and which is due for completion at the end of 2021. Written from the perspective of landscape architecture and intended for planners and related professionals engaged in the development and conservation of these landscapes, this book provides history, planning pedagogy and interdisciplinary framing for working alongside the often-opaque planning, design and implementation processes of large-scale infrastructure. It complicates simplistic notions of development and urbanization frequently reproduced in the Laos–China frontier region. Many of the projects and sites investigated in this book are recent “firsts” in Laos: Laos’s first wildlife sanctuary for trafficked endangered species, its first botanical garden and its first planting plan for a community forest. Most often the agents and accomplices of neoliberal development, the planning and design professions, including landscape architecture, have little dialogue with either the mainstream natural sciences or critical social sciences that form the discourse of projects in Laos and comparable contexts. Covering diverse conceptions and issues of development, including cultural and scientific knowledge exchanges between Laos and China, nature tourism, connectivity and new town planning, this book also features nine planning proposals for Laos generated through this research initiative since the railway's groundbreaking in 2016. Each proposal promotes a wider "landscape approach" to development and deploys landscape architecture’s spatial and ecological acumen to synthesize critical development studies with the planner's capacity, if not naive predilection, to intervene on the ground. Ultimately, this book advocates the cautious engagement of the professionally oriented built-environment disciplines, such as regional planning, civil engineering and landscape architecture, with the landscapes of development institutions and environmental NGOs.

     
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  2. The Eurasian Land Bridge
    the role of service providers in linking the regional value chains in East Asia and the European Union
    Author: Pomfret, Richard
    Published: May 2018
    Publisher:  Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, [Jakarta]

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: ERIA disuccion papers ; ERIA-DP-2018, 01
    Subjects: Servicification; Belt and Road Initiative; Trade costs
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten), Illustrationen
  3. Wenn der Adler auf den Drachen trifft: Konkurrenz oder Kooperation?
    eine geoökonomische Analyse der aktuellen deutsch-chinesischen Beziehungen
    Author: Buschmann, Nemo Leander
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  Lehrstuhl für Internationale Politik und Außenpolitik der Universität zu Köln, Köln

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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: German
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Series: Arbeitspapiere zur Internationalen Politik und Außenpolitik ; 2019, 2
    Subjects: Deutschland; China; deutsch-chinesische Beziehungen; geoökonomische Interessen; Geoökonomie; wirtschaftsstrategische Konkurrenz; Seidenstraße; Belt and Road Initiative
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (77 Seiten), Illustrationen
  4. The BRI: trade integration and stock market synchronization
    a review of empirical findings
    Author: Heß, Alexander; Hindermann, Christoph Michael
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  OrdnungsPolitisches Portal, [Erfurt]

    In the context of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), we review selected studies that explicitly or implicitly address the question of whether there occurs synchronization of stock markets between China and the BRI economies. Following this, we... more

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    In the context of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), we review selected studies that explicitly or implicitly address the question of whether there occurs synchronization of stock markets between China and the BRI economies. Following this, we examine the extent to which this synchronization of stock markets may be driven by bilateral trade. This question is of particular interest to investors who wish to profit from the BRI while minimizing their risk through portfolio diversification. Our results show that there is plenty of supporting evidence that the stock markets of China and the BRI economies are synchronized, and that synchronization appears to be increasing since the launch of the BRI. We also find that bilateral trade is an important determinant for explaining stock market integration between China and the BRI countries. Based on these results, interregional diversification appears to be less efficient. Further research is needed to determine whether other forms of diversification, such as inter-industry diversification, would be more beneficial.

     
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    Language: English
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    hdl: 10419/261208
    Series: Discourses in social market economy ; 2022, 3
    Subjects: BRI; Belt and Road Initiative; Belt and Road Countries; China; Stock Market Synchronization; Stock Market Co-Movement; Stock Market Integration; Trade Integration; Trade Volume; Bilateral Trade; Portfolio Diversification; Investing
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten)
  5. The Chinese belt and road initiative between economics and geopolitics: consequences for Armenia
    Author: Wrobel, Ralph
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  OrdnungsPolitisches Portal, [Erfurt]

    Armenia has already signed some agreements with China to participate in the BRI project while no concrete measures are financed by the initiative. But what are the economic advantages and disadvantages of the BRI? While funding of some for Western... more

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    Armenia has already signed some agreements with China to participate in the BRI project while no concrete measures are financed by the initiative. But what are the economic advantages and disadvantages of the BRI? While funding of some for Western financiers unattractive projects by China is a good chance for some participating countries a resulting "debt trap" is dangerous for them. Additionally, it can be shown easily that China's investments have mostly some geopolitical aspects which make the projects more advantageous for China than for the participating countries themselves. Especially, when in the BRI participating countries cannot pay back their debts a transfer of natural resources respective of infrastructure like ports ore pipelines to China may be the consequence. Therefore, Armenia is in a dilemma between strengthening cooperation with China and benefitting from that, on the one hand, and the risk of losing economic as well as political independence, on the other hand.

     
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    hdl: 10419/261206
    Series: Discourses in social market economy ; 2022, 1
    Subjects: Belt and Road Initiative; Armenia; Geopolitics; Debt-Trap
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  6. Enhancing infrastructure connectivity in Vietnam under Japan's Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy versus China's Belt and Road Initiative
    Author: Nguyen Thi Hong Nga
    Published: January 2020
    Publisher:  Japan Center for Economic Research, [Tokyo]

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    Series: JCER discussion paper ; no. 150
    Subjects: Free and Open Indo-Pacific Strategy; Belt and Road Initiative; infrastructure connectivity; Japan; China; Vietnam
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten), Illustrationen
  7. Spatial administration and legal aspects of the Belt and Road Initiative
    innovative solutions for Armenia
    Author: Khachikyan, Sos; Hongzhen, Jiang
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  [OrdnungsPolitisches Portal], [Erfurt]

    The architecture of public policy through spatial principles has important features in the age of globalization. In this context, the Belt and Road Initiative can be considered as a worldwide public policy project, where conceptual thinking and legal... more

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    The architecture of public policy through spatial principles has important features in the age of globalization. In this context, the Belt and Road Initiative can be considered as a worldwide public policy project, where conceptual thinking and legal understanding should be discussed. Soft and hard lows - as political and legal aspects, have important feature on the BRI implementation. Flexibility, openness, and inclusiveness are the main soft tools for Belt and Road Initiative participating countries. Based on these, networking and spatial particularities may generate new administrative principles for the BRI project. In this sense, the spatial administration definition was formulated, through which is possible to integrate spatial components of countries that have different social, national, ethnic or religious dimensions, and various geo-economics dimensions. Important to note that Armenia has specific economic and political status in the South Caucasus because of two circumstances. We consider that Belt and Road project is possible to integrate with the Armenian North-South Road Corridor program and free economic zone in Meghri, in order to introduce structural reforms and diversification of economy.

     
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    hdl: 10419/265513
    Series: Discourses in social market economy ; 2022, 7
    Subjects: Spatial administration; North-South Road Corridor; Belt and Road Initiative; BRI legalaspects; digitalization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten), Illustrationen
  8. Perspectives of Armenian
    Iranian economic relations within Belt and Road Initiative
    Author: Grigoryan, Karen; Arpanahi, Ali
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  [OrdnungsPolitisches Portal], [Erfurt]

    Armenia-Iran North South Transport corridor is vital for Iran and Armenia and also for all parties involved. Recently, India increased its interest in Armenia and would like to see the INSTC passing through the Armenian territories, keeping in mind... more

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    Armenia-Iran North South Transport corridor is vital for Iran and Armenia and also for all parties involved. Recently, India increased its interest in Armenia and would like to see the INSTC passing through the Armenian territories, keeping in mind that Armenia is also the only country in the EAEU that has a land border with Iran. Taking into account Iran's desire to become a full member of the EAEU in the future, as well as India's interest in the EAEU structure and possible future membership, Armenia's chances of joining regional trade projects would be high. North South Transport Corridor route via India, Iran, Armenia, Georgia and Russia. This route is 30% cheaper and 40% shorter than the current traditional route. A country with a small domestic market like Armenia, of course, needs to expand its economic and trade ties with other countries in the world. The "One Belt, One Road" initiative can provide such an opportunity. An opportunity will also be created for the development of the Armenian transport infrastructure. Armenia aimed to construct the "North-South" transport road, 550-km long, to facilitate communication with Iran and Georgia and beyond.

     
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    hdl: 10419/265514
    Series: Discourses in social market economy ; 2022, 8
    Subjects: Belt and Road Initiative; Armenia; Iran; China; India; trade; transport infrastructure; Silk RoadRoute
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 18 Seiten)
  9. China's investment in ASEAN
    paradigm shift or hot air?
    Author: Lim, Guanie
    Published: June 20192019
    Publisher:  National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan

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    Series: GRIPS discussion paper ; 19, 04
    Subjects: Belt and Road Initiative; China; Japan; ASEAN; Foreign Direct Investment; Regional Development
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 18 Seiten), Illustrationen
  10. Does the Belt and Road Initiative stimulate Chinese exports?
    the role of state-owned enterprises
    Author: Görg, Holger; Mao, Haiou
    Published: 02/2020
    Publisher:  Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel

    This paper evaluates firms' exporting responses to BRI and considers their heterogeneity in ownership types, product types, regional origin and trade mode. This is done by analyzing firm-product-destination level customs data from 2011 to 2015 in a... more

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    This paper evaluates firms' exporting responses to BRI and considers their heterogeneity in ownership types, product types, regional origin and trade mode. This is done by analyzing firm-product-destination level customs data from 2011 to 2015 in a gravity model framework. Our empirical results show that aggregate export behavior did not change significantly after BRI. However, ownership matters when evaluating firms' reactions. SOEs increase their total exporting and average export value (the intensive margin) to BRI countries, while private domestic firms show no reaction to BRI at any margin. Further, our results on regional heterogeneity suggests that "open through the west", i.e., boosting the development of western regions in China, did not appear to work in the short term. Our findings show clearly the implications of BRI’s impact from a firm level perspective.

     
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    hdl: 10419/214664
    Series: Kiel working paper ; no. 2148 (February 2020)
    Subjects: Belt and Road Initiative; firm's export; extensive margin; intensive margin; State-owned firms
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 18 Seiten)
  11. The belt and road initiative
    demographic trends, labour markets and welfare systems of member countries
    Author: Bruni, Michele
    Published: 2019
    Publisher:  Global Labor Organization (GLO), Maastricht

    A brief analysis of the different demographic tendencies that will affect the 65 countries of the Belt and Road Initiative allows to point out that they are largely spread along the path of the demographic transition so that in some working age... more

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    A brief analysis of the different demographic tendencies that will affect the 65 countries of the Belt and Road Initiative allows to point out that they are largely spread along the path of the demographic transition so that in some working age population will dramatically decline, in others will dramatically increase. The implication is that the first group of countries (epitomized by China, Russia, Thailand, but also by Singapore) will be affected by a structural shortage of labour, the second (well represented by India, but also by Pakistan, Egypt and Philippines) by a structural excess of labour. Therefore, for the countries of the first group immigration will not be an option but a necessity, while for the countries of the second group emigration will not be an option but a necessity. The situation suggests that it would be in the interest of all BRI countries to design, develop and implement a policy framework that would allow them to jointly manage migration flows in the amount and with the educational stricture coherent with their needs. However, such a process is extremely difficult and complex and to succeed needs to be properly directed and orchestrated. The paper argues that given its size, the dimension of its need of foreign labour, and its role in the Belt and Road Initiative it is China that should take the lead of a rational approach that falls well inside the strategies of the Initiative.

     
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    hdl: 10419/191048
    Series: GLO discussion paper ; no. 300
    Subjects: Belt and Road Initiative; China; migration; labour market; demographic transition; demographic polarization
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten), Illustrationen
  12. Towards a sustainable Belt and Road Initiative?
    paving the way for a common sustainable development finance framework
    Author: Bertuzzi, Marine; Melonio, Thomas; Pornet, Alisée; Tremel, Laëtitia
    Published: [2019]
    Publisher:  AFD éditions, Paris, France

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    Series: Policy paper / Agence française de développement ; no. 2 (November 2019)
    Subjects: Foreign Aid; Development finance; SustainableDevelopment Goals; Belt and Road Initiative; China
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  13. Remaking China's global image with the belt and road initiative
    is the jury out?
    Author: Qi, Jianhong; Tang, Kam Ki; Yin, Da; Zhao, Yong
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  [University of Queensland, School of Economics], [Brisbane]

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    Series: School of Economics discussion paper series ; [635]
    Subjects: Global image; Public approval; Belt and Road Initiative; China
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten), Illustrationen
  14. Estimating causal effects of BRI infrastructure projects based on the synthetic control method
    Author: Kleimann, Martin; Li, Yuan; Schmerer, Hans-Jörg
    Published: 2020
    Publisher:  Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo, Japan

    This paper studies the regional treatment effects of infrastructure projects on employment and transport volumes by combining the quantitative econometric method with qualitative case studies. The quantitative method that we use is synthetic control,... more

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    This paper studies the regional treatment effects of infrastructure projects on employment and transport volumes by combining the quantitative econometric method with qualitative case studies. The quantitative method that we use is synthetic control, which allows us to analyze the causal effects on particular treatment groups. The regions of interest in our study are Duisburg and Piraeus. Both the quantitative and the qualitative evidence reveal that the impact on maritime transportation in Piraeus is very significant. Although the quantitative evidence shows a rather modest effect on employment before 2016, the qualitative evidence suggests a more significant effect in recent years. We interpret this as the postponed effects from infrastructure provision on various outcome variables. Moreover, we find that rail transport does not crowd out local road transport.

     
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    hdl: 10419/238537
    Series: ADBI working paper series ; no. 1180 (September 2020)
    Subjects: infrastructure; employment; Belt and Road Initiative; Duisburg; Piraeus; maritime transportation; rail; road
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten), Illustrationen
  15. Economic policy uncertainty
    cross-country linkages and spillover effects on economic development in some Belt and Road countries
    Author: Yuan, Jing; Dong, Yajing; Zhai, Weijie; Cai, Zongwu
    Published: February 28, 2021
    Publisher:  University of Kansas, Department of Economics, Lawrence, Kansas

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    Series: Working papers series in theoretical and applied economics ; 2021, 10
    Subjects: Belt and Road Initiative; Copula Techniques; Economic Policy Uncertainty; Global VAR; Spillover Effect
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten), Illustrationen
  16. Duisburg and its port, endpoint of China's silk road
    opportunities and risks
    Author: Pascha, Werner
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  OrdnungsPolitisches Portal, [Erfurt]

    The question to what extent the EU, Germany, its regional states or individual localities can and should cooperate with China has gained considerable importance recently. This paper discusses the city of Duisburg, an important logistics hub in... more

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    The question to what extent the EU, Germany, its regional states or individual localities can and should cooperate with China has gained considerable importance recently. This paper discusses the city of Duisburg, an important logistics hub in western Germany, next to the rivers Rhine and Ruhr, as a particularly interesting case study. Its location is ideal as the "western terminus" for the rail services of the "new silk road", but the precarious economic situation as a former city of steel and coal make Duisburg particularly vulnerable to economic and political risks. The paper identifies relevant pro and con factors and evaluates the available evidence. The economic heritage and current situation of Duisburg are indeed challenging. Duisburg has noticeably profited from the Chinese interest in its logistics network, but the impetus is not significant enough for the city to fully recover from the decline of coal and steel industries. A large share of the potential benefits has probably already been realized, while current plans to increase the container capacity of the port further should be duly acknowledged. Positive linkage effects with other industries, beyond rail and logistics, still seem rather limited. With respect to the political dimension, the typical risks for local communities often associated with the Belt and Road Initiative were somewhat limited in Duisburg's case, because Duisburg, as a part of Germany, is not in a particularly dire situation and as Duisburg's port activities are profitable even without the China business, so the potential leverage of Chinese actors is limited, and because Duisburg is not the home of many high-tech companies that might be attractive targets. In the case of the Duisburg-Huawei cooperation, which does indeed hold some political risks, the momentum has declined recently, due to the various checks and balances that are in place, while the win-win projects of the agenda will hopefully still be realized. Both the idea of an economic bonanza beckoning on the horizon and the concern about looming political risks seem to have been exaggerated. Currently, the city seems to be in a phase of reconsidering its future options and possible trajectories with respect to China.

     
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    hdl: 10419/233896
    Series: Discourses in social market economy ; 2021, 1
    Subjects: Duisburg; China; New silk road; Belt and Road Initiative; regional economic development
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten)
  17. South Korea, China and the Road and Belt Initiative: economic and political factors
    Author: Barannikova, Anastasia
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  OrdnungsPolitisches Portal, [Erfurt]

    The present article addresses the problems of economic cooperation between China and ROK from the point of implementing their Eurasian integration initiatives - the One Belt, One Road, Eurasia Initiative and New Northern Policy. The initiatives of... more

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    The present article addresses the problems of economic cooperation between China and ROK from the point of implementing their Eurasian integration initiatives - the One Belt, One Road, Eurasia Initiative and New Northern Policy. The initiatives of both countries, which at first glance are aimed at developing economies of the participants, also pursue distinct political goals. Accordingly, the most serious problems arising on the way of their implementation are of a political nature.

     
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    Series: Discourses in social market economy ; 2021, 2
    Subjects: Belt and Road Initiative; OBOR; Eurasia Initiative; Eurasian integration; China; ROK
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten), Illustrationen
  18. Belt and road in the new geo-political competition: China, the United States, Europe and Korea
    Author: Kim, Duyeon
    Published: 2021
    Publisher:  OrdnungsPolitisches Portal, [Erfurt]

    China under Xi Jinping is seeking to reshape international rules, norms, and institutions to gain political and economic influence under the guise of providing global public goods for mutual gains. Meanwhile, democratic and like-minded countries will... more

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    China under Xi Jinping is seeking to reshape international rules, norms, and institutions to gain political and economic influence under the guise of providing global public goods for mutual gains. Meanwhile, democratic and like-minded countries will need to compete in some areas and cooperate in other areas with China-a feat that is far easier said than done. The United States, Europe, Korea, and Asia must engage and compete with China on their terms, based on mutual respect and understanding without compromising values such as democracy, rule of law, and human rights as well as best practices including fair and open trade and reciprocity. These are certainly challenging tasks whose playbook and manual need to be written along the way. The United States, Europe, and South Korea must navigate unchartered territory, which China seeks to create in its image. They must identify ways to not only defend the rulesbased international order but prevent their respective economic interests from colliding with their shared interests, values, and purposes.

     
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    hdl: 10419/233903
    Series: Discourses in social market economy ; 2021, 8
    Subjects: Belt and Road Initiative; United States; Europe; South Korea; Quad
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten)
  19. A review of China's and Japan's international engagement in South America
    the cases of Brazil, Chile and Venezuela
    Author: Garcia, Gabriel
    Published: [2020]
    Publisher:  Institute of Developing Economies (IDE), JETRO, Chiba, Japan

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    hdl: 2344/00051716
    Series: IDE discussion paper ; no. 785
    Subjects: Japan-South America; China-South America; Asia-Latin America; China-CELAC Forum; Inter-American Development Bank; South-South cooperation; Japan development assistance; China development assistance; FEALAC; Belt and Road Initiative; Brazil; Chile; Venezuela
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten), Illustrationen
  20. Iniciativa cinturão e rota na América Latina
    entre adesões e hesitações
    Author: Ungaretti, Carlos Renato; Nunes, Ticiana Gabrielle Amaral; Di Marco, Giulia Marianna Rodrigues; Mendonça, Marco Aurélio Alves de
    Published: novembro de 2022
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    The present article analyzes the recent expansion of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The study is justified by the noticeable increase and diversification of economic relations between the region and China... more

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    The present article analyzes the recent expansion of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The study is justified by the noticeable increase and diversification of economic relations between the region and China in recent years. The advance of the BRI in Latin America is interpreted in line with the theoretical and conceptual contributions of the field of International Cooperation for Development (ICD). Specific cases of Latin American countries have been analyzed and their particularities highlighted. It is argued that these countries' decision to join the initiative is not a homogeneous phenomenon, but endowed with multiple potentials and challenges.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
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    hdl: 10419/284874
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2818
    Subjects: China; Latin America and the Caribbean; Belt and Road Initiative; foreign direct investment; infrastructure
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten)
  21. Iniciativa cinturão e rota na América Latina
    perspectiva geoeconômica
    Author: Lopes Filho, Carlos Renato da Fonseca Ungaretti; Nunes, Ticiana Gabrielle Amaral; Di Marco, Giulia Marianna Rodrigues; Mendonça, Marco Aurélio Alves de
    Published: novembro de 2022
    Publisher:  Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília

    The article follows concepts from the field of International Political Economy (IPE). Its objective is to analyze the evolution of economic relations between China and countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), especially in the context of... more

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    The article follows concepts from the field of International Political Economy (IPE). Its objective is to analyze the evolution of economic relations between China and countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), especially in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), or New Silk Road. Economic interactions have increased in the last decade, especially through trade, investments, loans and infrastructure projects.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/284875
    Series: Texto para discussão / Ipea ; 2819
    Subjects: China; Latin America and the Caribbean; Belt and Road Initiative; foreign direct investment; infrastructure
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 73 Seiten), Illustrationen
  22. How realistic is Belt and Road Initiative for Kyrgyzstan and Central Asian Countries?
    Author: Akmoldoev, Kiyalbek
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  [OrdnungsPolitisches Portal], [Erfurt]

    Due to the geographical location of the Central Asian countries and Kyrgyzstan, which do not have direct access to the sea, there is a dependence on the transport route via Kazakhstan, Russia, and Belarus to trade goods with the European market. The... more

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    Due to the geographical location of the Central Asian countries and Kyrgyzstan, which do not have direct access to the sea, there is a dependence on the transport route via Kazakhstan, Russia, and Belarus to trade goods with the European market. The Chinese BRI project would offer an alternative for Central Asian countries to connect economically with European, Middle Eastern and West Asian countries. However, turning away from Russia and toward China holds potential for conflict. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to analyze the BRI projects in Central Asia and predict how realistic it is to implement them without the "permission" of the Russian Federation. In doing so, it takes a closer look at the strategic interest for China in Central Asia and how the BRI project in Kyrgyzstan is performing. The SWOT analysis points to a win-win situation, which, however, comes with a warning to be cautious. Particular attention should be paid to financial dependence on China, which could be due to a debt trap.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265258
    Series: Discourses in social market economy ; 2022, 5
    Subjects: Belt and Road Initiative; Kyrgyzstan; Geopolitics; Debt-Trap; Silk Road Route
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten), Illustrationen
  23. Belt and Road Initiative as an innovative platform for technology transfer
    opportunities for Armenia
    Author: Margaryan, Atom S.; Terzyan, Haroutyun T.; Grigoryan, Emil A.
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  [OrdnungsPolitisches Portal], [Erfurt]

    One of the pillars of the Belt and Road Initiative is the deepening of cooperation between member countries, especially in the field of science and innovation. But, is there any historical evidence of the concept of the Great Silk Road as a region of... more

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    One of the pillars of the Belt and Road Initiative is the deepening of cooperation between member countries, especially in the field of science and innovation. But, is there any historical evidence of the concept of the Great Silk Road as a region of technology transfer, first? Secondly, what are the priorities and development directions of the initiative in the mentioned context? Third, what development guidelines should be set for the participating countries (Washington, Beijing, etc.). And finally, is there really a connection between infrastructure development and innovation activity? To answer the last question, a correlation and econometric analysis has been performed, the results of which indicate positive effects.

     
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    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/265259
    Series: Discourses in social market economy ; 2022, 6
    Subjects: The Great Silk Road; Belt and Road Initiative; Innovation; Patent Activity; TechnologyTransfer
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten), Illustrationen
  24. The opportunities of economic and legal cooperation between EU - Armenia within the framework of the BRI
    Author: Ghazaryan, Armen Ju.; Marukyan, Liana; Abrahamyan, Meline V.; Ayvazyan, Meline A.
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  [OrdnungsPolitisches Portal], [Erfurt]

    The EU's relations with Armenia are based on the EU - Armenia Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA), which was signed on November 24, 2017, and entered into force on March 31, 2021. Within the framework of this agreement, the... more

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    The EU's relations with Armenia are based on the EU - Armenia Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA), which was signed on November 24, 2017, and entered into force on March 31, 2021. Within the framework of this agreement, the cooperation of the EU and Armenia in various spheres is envisaged. The EU's support, in particular for the development of democracy and political, economic and institutional stability, is very important for the Republic of Armenia. From an economic point of view, the EU is one of the most colossal donors providing financial aid and doing foreign investment, which is an important component both in promoting exports in general and especially in the high-tech sector. The article aims to present in detail the existing achievements in the field of economic and legal cooperation, the prospects and opportunities for deepening sectoral cooperation, taking into account the potential mutual economic benefits that the EU and Armenia could have within the framework of the Armenian North-South Road Corridor and the Belt and Road Initiative.

     
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    Source: Union catalogues
    Language: English
    Media type: Book
    Format: Online
    Other identifier:
    hdl: 10419/266144
    Series: Discourses in social market economy ; 2022, 9
    Subjects: EU-Armenia cooperation; CEPA; Belt and Road Initiative; Armenian North-South Road
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten), Illustrationen
  25. EU's global gateway strategy and building a global consensus vis-a-vis BRI
    Author: Panda, Jagannath P.
    Published: [2022]
    Publisher:  [OrdnungsPolitisches Portal], [Erfurt]

    The Belt and Road Initiative paved the way for China to establish far-reaching trade relations and greater political influence across continents. Dominating the Indo-Pacific region by building up the dependence of the countries there on China is only... more

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    The Belt and Road Initiative paved the way for China to establish far-reaching trade relations and greater political influence across continents. Dominating the Indo-Pacific region by building up the dependence of the countries there on China is only part of the strategy. China's actions in this regard are observed with unease by researchers and practitioners. Various multilateral projects are trying to present an alternative in the Indo-Pacific region, including the EU's Global Gateway Strategy Project. What this strategy entails and how it can play a role in shaping global consensus on the BRI will be outlined below.

     
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    Language: English
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    Series: Discourses in social market economy ; 2022, 10
    Subjects: Belt and Road Initiative; China; Geopolitics; EU; Global Gateway Strategy; Indo-Pacific
    Scope: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten)