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Displaying results 41 to 45 of 291.

  1. Observações sobre o uso de totalizadores nominais no alemão e no português do Brasil
    Published: 30.12.2012

    The present paper deals with selected morphological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of nominal totalizers in German and in Brazilian Portuguese. In particular, it analyzes the elements 'todo', 'cada', 'ambos' and 'os dois', as well... more

     

    The present paper deals with selected morphological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of nominal totalizers in German and in Brazilian Portuguese. In particular, it analyzes the elements 'todo', 'cada', 'ambos' and 'os dois', as well as 'alle', 'jeder', 'der ganze' and 'beide'. In terms of morphology, it describes the formation of gender, number and case forms. In the field of syntax, it focuses on the position of totalizers in the nominal phrase, their relations to determiners and quantifiers, and the functional distribution of declension types. In terms of semantics and pragmatics, it investigates the codification of referential and quantificational information, definiteness and cumulative v distributive totalization. The epistemological interest is defined by the objectives of linguistic comparison between German and Brazilian Portuguese, including the analysis of typical errors committed by language learners in both directions. Der vorliegende Aufsatz behandelt ausgewählte morphologische, syntaktische, semantische und pragmatische Eigenschaften von Nominaltotalisatoren im Deutschen und im brasilianischen Portugiesisch. Im einzelnen werden die Elemente 'todo', 'cada', 'ambos' und 'os dois' sowie 'alle', 'jeder', 'der ganze' und 'beide' behandelt. Hinsichtlich ihrer Morphologie wird die Bildung von Genus-, Numerus- und Kasusformen beschrieben. Im Bereich der Syntax geht es um die Stellung der Totalisatoren in der Nominalphrase, ihre Beziehungen zu Determinantien und Quantoren und um die funktionale Verteilung von Deklinationstypen. Im Bereich der Semantik und Pragmatik geht es um die Kodierung referentieller und quantifikationaler Information, um Definitheit und um kumulative vs. Distributive Totalisierung. Das Erkenntnisinteresse wird durch den Vergleich zwischen dem Deutschen und dem brasilianischen Portugiesisch bestimmt, wobei auf typische Fehler von Sprachlernern in beiden Richtungen eingegangen wird.

     

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    Source: CompaRe
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Article
    Format: Online
    DDC Categories: 430
    Subjects: Nominalphrase; Kontrastive Linguistik; Deutsch; Portugiesisch / Brasilien
    Rights:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/de/deed.de

    ;

    info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

  2. "Ab und zu geht's auf und ab" : binômios em alemão
    Published: 30.12.2012

    Binomials are idiomatic expressions consisting of two elements of the same formal class and united by a grammatical tie, usually a preposition or a conjunction. This paper examines examples of German binomials and the mechanisms that rule the... more

     

    Binomials are idiomatic expressions consisting of two elements of the same formal class and united by a grammatical tie, usually a preposition or a conjunction. This paper examines examples of German binomials and the mechanisms that rule the selection and organization of their elements. Binômios são expressões idiomáticas lexicais formadas por dois elementos da mesma classe formal, unidos por um elo gramatical, geralmente uma preposição ou uma conjunção. O artigo examina exemplos de binômios em alernão e os mecanismos que regem a seleção e a organização de seus elementos.

     

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    Source: CompaRe
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Article
    Format: Online
    DDC Categories: 430
    Subjects: Zwillingsformel; Phraseologie
    Rights:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/de/deed.de

    ;

    info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

  3. Die Frau im Spiegel deutscher Sprichwörter
    Published: 30.12.2012

    This paper aims to demonstrate the proverb as a mental pattern that reflects and reinforces the values and norms of society through its use. We present the treatment given to women in German proverbs in opposition to the treatment given to men,... more

     

    This paper aims to demonstrate the proverb as a mental pattern that reflects and reinforces the values and norms of society through its use. We present the treatment given to women in German proverbs in opposition to the treatment given to men, showing the relationship between proverb and reality. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar os provérbios como padrões de pensamento que refletem e reforçam através de seu uso os valores e as normas de uma sociedade. Apresentaremos o tratarmento dispensado à mulher nos provérbios de língua alemã, contrapondo-os aos provérbios que tratam do homem, evidenciando a relação entre proverbio e realidade.

     

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    Source: CompaRe
    Language: German
    Media type: Article
    Format: Online
    DDC Categories: 430
    Subjects: Sprichwort; Sprichwortforschung; Deutsch; Frau <Motiv>; Stereotyp
    Rights:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/de/deed.de

    ;

    info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

  4. Aktionsart
    Published: 30.12.2012

    This paper presents a discussion on aspect and 'Aktionsart' as categories of verbal forms in German and Portuguese. The distinction between the two categories is based on the assumption that 'Aktionsart' is more important in the German verb system,... more

     

    This paper presents a discussion on aspect and 'Aktionsart' as categories of verbal forms in German and Portuguese. The distinction between the two categories is based on the assumption that 'Aktionsart' is more important in the German verb system, whereas aspect plays a more significant role in Portuguese. Aspect as a morpho-semantic category may be further specified by 'Akrionsart', which is a lexical semantic category and belongs to the meaning of the verb. In diesem Aufsatz werde ich eine Unterscheidung zwischen Aspekt und 'Aktionsart' vornehmen. Für die Unterscheidung gehe ich davon aus, daß die Aktionsart eine wichtigere Rolle im deutschen Verbalsystem spielt, während im portugiesischen Verbalsystem der Aspekt wichtiger ist. Aspekt ist eine morphosemantische Kategorie und kann durch die Aktionsart weiter bestimmt werden. Diese ihrerseits gehört als lexikal semantische Kategorie zur Bedeutung des Verbs.

     

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    Source: CompaRe
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Article
    Format: Online
    DDC Categories: 410; 415
    Subjects: Aspekt <Linguistik>; Aktionsart; Verb; Vergangenheitstempus
    Rights:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/de/deed.de

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    info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

  5. Lexicalização e deslexicalização : observações sobre a erosão da língua exemplificadas no alemão e no português do Brasil

    The present paper deals with grammaticalization as a comprehensive model of erosive processes in the history of natural languages, exemplified in German and Brazilian Portuguese. Grammaticalization is conceived of as the reduction of pragmatic... more

     

    The present paper deals with grammaticalization as a comprehensive model of erosive processes in the history of natural languages, exemplified in German and Brazilian Portuguese. Grammaticalization is conceived of as the reduction of pragmatic versatility, semantic concreteness, syntactic liberty and phonetic substance of linguistic elements. It is subdivided into the processes of lexicalization, which transforms polylexematic into monolexematic elements, and deslexicalization, which reduces lexematic to sublexematic elements. In the middle of these processes stands the lexicon, which is seen as the central stock of linguistic elements. Within the lexicon, the process of grammaticalization continues, from lexical word classes through intermediate classes to grammatical word classes. The lower boundary of the lexicon is critical threshold, down to which the process of grammaticalization is compensated for by linguistic recycling that leads lexematic elements back into the linguistic circuit, through the formation of new polylexematic units. Beyond this threshold, however, no recycling is possible any more, so that elements which have once lost their lexical character are condemned to disappear in the long run. The different stages of grammaticalization are introduced and illustrated by means of concrete examples, first from Brazilian Portuguese and afterwards from German. Der vorliegende Aufsatz behandelt am Beispiel des Deutschen und des brasilianischen Portugiesisch den Prozeß der Grammatikalisierung als ein umfassendes Modell für erosive Vorgänge in der Geschichte natürlicher Sprachen. Grammatikalisierung wird vorgestellt als Abbau der pragmatischen Vielseitigkeit, semantischen Konkretheit, syntaktischen Freiheit und phonetischen Substanz von Sprachelementen. Ihr Gesamtgebiet wird zerlegt in den Prozeß der Lexikalisierung, der polylexematische Elemente in monolexematische überführt, und den der Delexikalisierung, der lexematische Elemente zu sublexematischen reduziert. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Vorgänge steht das Lexikon, das als der zentrale Elementvorrat der Sprache gesehen wird. Auch innerhalb des Lexikons setzt sich der Prozeß der Grammatikalisierung fort, von den lexikalischen Wortklassen über die Übergangsklassen zu den grammatischen Klassen. Die untere Grenze des Lexikons stellt eine kritische Schwelle dar, bis zu der dem Prozeß der Grammatikalisierung das sprachliche Recycling gegenübersteht, durch das lexematische Elemente über die Bildung neuer polylexematischer Einheiten in den Kreislauf zurückfließen. Unterhalb dieser Schwelle jedoch ist kein Recycling mehr möglich, so daß Elemente, die einmal den lexematischen Charakter verloren haben, auf die Dauer zum Verschwinden verurteilt sind. Die verschiedenen Etappen der Grammatikalisierung werden anhand konkreter Beispiele, zunächst aus dem brasilianischen Portugiesisch, anschließend aus dem Deutschen, vorgestellt und illustriert.

     

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    Content information: free
    Source: CompaRe
    Language: Portuguese
    Media type: Article
    Format: Online
    DDC Categories: 410; 415
    Subjects: Grammatikalisation; Historische Sprachwissenschaft; Wortbildung; Etymologie; Deutsch; Portugiesisch / Brasilien
    Rights:

    creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/de/deed.de

    ;

    info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess